Thirteener

In mountaineering in the United States, a thirteener (abbreviated 13er) is a mountain that exceeds 13,000 feet (3,962.4 m) above mean sea level, similar to the more familiar "fourteeners," which exceed 14,000 feet (4,267.2 m). In most instances, "thirteeners" refers only to those peaks between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation.

The importance of thirteeners is greatest in Colorado, which has the majority of such peaks in North America with over 600 of them. Despite the large number of peaks, over 20 peak baggers have reported climbing all of Colorado's thirteeners.[1] Thirteeners are also significant in states whose highpoints fall between 13,000 and 13,999 feet. For example, the Wyoming thirteeners are the highest peaks within the state, and only 5 individuals have reported climbing all 35 peaks, likely due to a combination of technical difficulty and remoteness.[2][3]

Not all summits over 13,000 feet qualify as thirteeners, but only those summits that mountaineers consider to be independent. Objective standards for independence include topographic prominence and isolation (distance from a higher summit), or a combination. However thirteener lists do not always consistently use such objective rules. A rule commonly used by mountaineers in the contiguous United States is that a peak must have at least 300 feet (91 m) of prominence to qualify. According to the Mountaineering Club of Alaska, it is standard in Alaska to use a 500 ft (152 m) prominence rule rather than a 300-foot rule. These are the standards applied for the lists below. Regarding whether or not peaks in excess of 13,999 feet should be considered as "thirteeners", this article will count them as such for statistical purposes, but concentrate its focus on those peaks less than 14,000 feet since the higher peaks are already covered in the fourteeners list.

List of United States thirteeners by state

Thirteeners are found in nine U.S. states. This table summarizes their numbers based on each state's prominence criteria:

U.S. State Thirteeners Fourteeners Highest 13er < 14,000 ft Elevation
Colorado637 53Grizzly Peak13,988 ft (4,264 m)
California149 12Mount Barnard13,990 ft (4,264 m)
Alaska41 20Mount Hunter, South Peak13,966 ft (4,257 m)
Wyoming35 0Gannett Peak13,804 ft (4,207 m)
Utah17 0Kings Peak13,528 ft (4,123 m)
New Mexico3 0Wheeler Peak13,161 ft (4,011 m)
Hawaii2 0Mauna Kea13,796 ft (4,205 m)
Nevada2 0Boundary Peak13,140 ft (4,005 m)
Washington0 1none-
The Crestone Group including
Columbia Point, Colorado

Colorado
Mount Silverheels, Colorado

By the most detailed count, Colorado has 637 peaks that exceed 13,000 feet (4,000 m) and meet the prominence criteria, of which 53 are fourteeners.[4][5] The highest of them less than 14,000 feet are as follows (the rank includes higher peaks):

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
54Grizzly Peak 13,988 ft (4,264 m) Sawatch Range
55Stewart Peak 13,983 ft (4,262 m) San Juan Mountains
56Columbia Point 13,980 ft (4,261 m) Sangre de Cristo Range
57Pigeon Peak 13,972 ft (4,259 m) San Juan Mountains
58Mount Ouray 13,971 ft (4,258 m) Sawatch Range
59Ice Mountain 13,951 ft (4,252 m) Sawatch Range
60Fletcher Mountain 13,951 ft (4,252 m) Tenmile Range
61Pacific Peak 13,950 ft (4,252 m) Tenmile Range

Grizzly Peak is not only the name of Colorado's highest thirteener, but the state has four other Grizzly Peaks plus one Grizzly Mountain on the list:

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
130Grizzly Peak 13,738 ft (4,187 m) San Juan Mountains
142Grizzly Mountain 13,708 ft (4,178 m) Sawatch Range
145Grizzly Peak 13,700 ft (4,176 m) San Juan Mountains
302Grizzly Peak 13,427 ft (4,093 m) Front Range
415Grizzly Peak 13,281 ft (4,048 m) Sawatch Range
Lizard Head, Colorado

Other notable Colorado thirteeners include:

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
66Mount Adams 13,931 ft (4,246 m) Sangre de Cristo Range
68Mount Meeker 13,911 ft (4,240 m) Front Range
82Crystal Peak 13,852 ft (4,222 m) Tenmile Range
89Turret Peak 13,835 ft (4,217 m) Needle Mountains
96Mount Silverheels 13,822 ft (4,213 m) Mosquito Range
131Argentine Peak 13,738 ft (4,187 m) Tenmile Range
253North Arapaho Peak 13,502 ft (4,115 m) Front Range
304Mummy Mountain 13,425 ft (4,092 m) Mummy Range
324Parry Peak 13,391 ft (4,082 m) Front Range
451Hesperus Mountain 13,232 ft (4,033 m) San Juan Mountains
515Twilight Peak 13,158 ft (4,011 m) San Juan Mountains
556Lizard Head 13,113 ft (3,997 m) San Juan Mountains
Mount Humphreys, California

California

California has the second greatest number of thirteeners with 149[6] of them, of which 12 are fourteeners. The highest under 14,000 feet are as follows (the rank includes higher peaks):

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
13Mount Barnard 13,990 ft (4,264 m) Sierra Nevada
14Mount Humphreys 13,986 ft (4,263 m) Sierra Nevada
15Mount Keith 13,975 ft (4,260 m) Sierra Nevada
16Mount Stanford 13,973 ft (4,259 m) Sierra Nevada
Mount Darwin, California
Mount Tom, California

Other notable California thirteeners include:

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
19Mount Le Conte 13,930 ft (4,246 m) Sierra Nevada
21Mount Agassiz 13,893 ft (4,235 m) Sierra Nevada
23Norman Clyde Peak 13,861 ft (4,225 m) Sierra Nevada
26Mount Darwin 13,831 ft (4,216 m) Sierra Nevada
27Mount Kaweah 13,802 ft (4,207 m) Sierra Nevada
29Mount Winchell 13,775 ft (4,199 m) Sierra Nevada
30Mount Morgan (Inyo County) 13,748 ft (4,190 m) Sierra Nevada
33Red Kaweah 13,720 ft (4,182 m) Sierra Nevada
38Black Kaweah 13,680 ft (4,170 m) Sierra Nevada
39Mount Tom 13,652 ft (4,161 m) Sierra Nevada
46Birch Mountain 13,602 ft (4,146 m) Sierra Nevada
53Palisade Crest 13,553 ft (4,131 m) Sierra Nevada
69Montgomery Peak 13,441 ft (4,097 m) White Mountains
76Kaweah Queen 13,382 ft (4,079 m) Sierra Nevada
120Red Slate Mountain 13,163 ft (4,012 m) Sierra Nevada
122Mount Ritter 13,140 ft (4,005 m) Sierra Nevada
123Mount Baxter 13,140 ft (4,005 m) Sierra Nevada
126Mount Lyell 13,114 ft (3,997 m) Sierra Nevada
137Mount Dana 13,057 ft (3,980 m) Sierra Nevada
149Mount Morgan (Mono County) 13,001 ft (3,963 m) Sierra Nevada
Parka Peak, Atna Peaks, and Mount Blackburn, Alaska

Alaska

Alaska has at least 41 thirteeners that meet its more stringent prominence criteria of 500 ft, of which 20 are also fourteeners. Different sources list varying numbers of 13,000+ ft peaks in the state,[7][8][9] mainly because many of the peaks (especially those that are sub-peaks of a higher mountain) are unnamed and have no spot elevations given on the USGS topographical maps. Using a 300' interpolated prominence criterion, there are 61 13,000+ ft peaks in Alaska.[10] The following list may miss a few peaks that should be included:

Mount Jarvis (north and main peaks), Alaska
Rank Mountain Elevation Range
21Mount Hunter, South Peak 13,966 ft (4,257 m) Alaska Range
22Atna Peaks 13,860 ft (4,225 m) Wrangell Mountains
23Regal Mountain 13,845 ft (4,220 m) Wrangell Mountains
24Mount Hayes 13,832 ft (4,216 m) Alaska Range
25Mount Cook 13,760 ft (4,194 m) Saint Elias Mountains
26Mount Sanford, South Peak 13,654 ft (4,162 m) Wrangell Mountains
27Mount Quincy Adams 13,615 ft (4,150 m) Fairweather Range
28Ocypete Peak 13,550 ft (4,130 m) Saint Elias Mountains
29East Kahiltna Peak 13,440 ft (4,097 m) Alaska Range
30Mount Natazhat 13,435 ft (4,095 m) Saint Elias Mountains
31Mount Jarvis 13,421 ft (4,091 m) Wrangell Mountains
32Mount Hunter, Middle Peak 13,400 ft (4,084 m) +  Alaska Range
33Mount Bona, East Peak (Tressider Peak) 13,315 ft (4,058 m) Saint Elias Mountains
34Mount Hayes, South Peak 13,305 ft (4,055 m) Alaska Range
35Celeno Peak 13,300 ft (4,054 m) +  Saint Elias Mountains
36Parka Peak 13,280 ft (4,048 m) Wrangell Mountains
37Mount Silverthrone 13,220 ft (4,029 m) Alaska Range
38Mount Marcus Baker 13,176 ft (4,016 m) Chugach Mountains
39Mount Jarvis, North Peak 13,025 ft (3,970 m) Wrangell Mountains
40Mount Moffit 13,020 ft (3,968 m) Alaska Range
41Mount Zanetti 13,009 ft (3,965 m) Wrangell Mountains
Gannett Peak, Wyoming

Wyoming

Wyoming has 35 thirteeners with at least 300 ft of interpolated prominence, but no fourteeners.[11] 31 of the 35 are located in the rugged and remote Wind River Range. Several of the Wyoming thirteeners require glacier travel and/or rock climbing up to the 5.4 YDS difficulty level to reach the summit, and most climbers spend multiple days backpacking to reach most of these peaks.[12] The highest of them are:

Grand Teton, Wyoming
Rank Mountain Elevation Range
1Gannett Peak 13,804 ft (4,207 m) Wind River Range
2Grand Teton 13,770 ft (4,197 m) Teton Range
3Fremont Peak 13,745 ft (4,189 m) Wind River Range
4Mount Warren 13,722 ft (4,182 m) Wind River Range
5Mount Helen 13,620 ft (4,151 m) Wind River Range
6Turret Peak 13,620 ft (4,151 m) Wind River Range
7Mount Sacagawea 13,569 ft (4,136 m) Wind River Range
8Jackson Peak 13,517 ft (4,120 m) Wind River Range
9Mount Woodrow Wilson 13,502 ft (4,115 m) Wind River Range
10Bastion Peak 13,494 ft (4,113 m) Wind River Range
11Mount Febbas 13,468 ft (4,105 m) Wind River Range
12Flagstone Peak 13,450 ft (4,100 m) Wind River Range
13Sunbeam Peak 13,440 ft (4,097 m) Wind River Range
14Pinnacle Ridge 13,365 ft (4,074 m) Wind River Range
15Downs Mountain 13,349 ft (4,069 m) Wind River Range
Francs Peak, Wyoming

Other notable Wyoming thirteeners include:

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
20Wind River Peak 13,192 ft (4,021 m) Wind River Range
23Cloud Peak 13,167 ft (4,013 m) Big Horn Mountains
26Francs Peak 13,153 ft (4,009 m) Absaroka Range
33Black Tooth Mountain 13,005 ft (3,964 m) Big Horn Mountains
Kings Peak, Utah

Utah

Utah has 17 thirteeners with at least 300 ft of prominence, but no fourteeners.[13][14] All of them are located in the remote Uinta Mountains near the Wyoming border. The highest of the thirteeners are:

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
1Kings Peak 13,528 ft (4,123 m) Uinta Mountains
2South Kings Peak 13,512 ft (4,118 m) Uinta Mountains
3Gilbert Peak 13,442 ft (4,097 m) Uinta Mountains
4Mount Emmons 13,440 ft (4,097 m) Uinta Mountains
Wheeler Peak, New Mexico

New Mexico

New Mexico has 3 thirteeners, all located within about 40 miles (64 km) of each other in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.[15]

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
1Wheeler Peak 13,161 ft (4,011 m) Sangre de Cristo Mountains
2Truchas Peak 13,102 ft (3,993 m) Sangre de Cristo Mountains
3North Truchas Peak 13,024 ft (3,970 m) Sangre de Cristo Mountains
Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii has two thirteeners,[16] the great shield volcanoes which comprise the bulk of the Big Island of Hawaii.

Rank Mountain Elevation Range
1 Mauna Kea 13,796 ft (4,205 m) Island of Hawaii
2 Mauna Loa 13,680 ft (4,170 m) Island of Hawaii
Boundary Peak, Nevada

Nevada

Nevada has only a single thirteener that meets the threshold for inclusion, Wheeler Peak in Great Basin National Park with an impressive 7,568 feet (2,307 m) of prominence. However, the highest point in the state is Boundary Peak, which is a sub-peak of California's Montgomery Peak with only 240 feet (73 m) of prominence.[17]

Mountain Elevation Range
Boundary Peak 13,140 ft (4,005 m) White Mountains
Wheeler Peak 13,065 ft (3,982 m) Snake Range

Washington

Mount Rainier is the only mountain in Washington state that exceeds 13,000 feet (4,000 m), and it has two summits that meet the prominence criteria,[18] both of which are included on the list of fourteeners.

See also

References
  1. "Colorado 13ers List". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
  2. "Climbing the Wyoming 13ers • Sunlit Summit". Sunlit Summit. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  3. "13ers of Wyoming". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  4. Roach, Gerry; Roach, Jennifer (2001). Colorado's Thirteeners, 13,800 to 13,999 Feet: From Hikes to Climbs. Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 1-55591-419-5.
  5. "Colorado's Summits – 13,000 to 13,999 feet". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  6. "California Thirteeners". Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  7. "Alaska's Summits 13,000 feet and above". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  8. "Alaska 13,000-foot Peaks". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  9. "Highest Alaskan Summits (Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve)" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-11.
  10. "Alaska's Highest Peaks". Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  11. "WY 13er Peak Profiles". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  12. "Climbing the Wyoming 13ers • Sunlit Summit". Sunlit Summit. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  13. Rose, David (2004). Utah Thirteeners. University of Utah Press. ISBN 0-87480-794-8.
  14. "Utah's Summits over 13,000 feet". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  15. "New Mexico's Summits over 12,000 feet". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  16. "Hawaii's Summits over 13,000 feet". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  17. "Nevada's Summits over 13,000 feet". Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  18. "Washington's Summits over 13,000 feet". Archived from the original on 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
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