Thornaby railway station

Route 2: Durham Coast Line
Newcastle Heworth Sunderland Seaham Horden Hartlepool Seaton Carew Billingham Stockton Thornaby Middlesbrough
Most services extend to/from Hexham or Nunthorpe.

Route 3: Tees Valley Line
Bishop Auckland Shildon Newton Aycliffe Heighington North Road Darlington Dinsdale Teesside Airport Allens West Thornaby Middlesbrough South Bank Redcar Central Redcar East Longbeck Marske Saltburn

All Northern Trains services on the Tees Valley Line and Durham Coast Line call at the station, giving it hourly services northbound to Sunderland and Newcastle and half-hourly trains westbound to Darlington and eastbound to Saltburn each weekday. Since the May 2014 timetable change, many Durham Coast services extend through to Nunthorpe to serve the newly opened railway station at James Cook University Hospital.[1] Certain Darlington-bound trains continue on to Bishop Auckland (hourly until mid-evening) and there are a pair of through trains beyond Nunthorpe to Whitby.

TransPennine Express services to York, Leeds, Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Airport also stop here every hour, with eastbound trains calling at Middlesbrough and Redcar Central.[2]

On Sundays there is an hourly service on the Tees Valley line, an hourly service to both Newcastle and Nunthorpe (with four trains continuing to Whitby) and an hourly service to Manchester Airport.

Down freight and a Diesel light-engine in 1961

Thornaby station's former buildings seen in September 1981

The station lies on the original Stockton & Darlington Railway (S&DR) extension to Port Darlington, developed from 1828 under the instructions of influential Quaker banker, coal mine owner and S&DR shareholder Joseph Pease, who had sailed up the River Tees to find a suitable new site down river of Stockton on which to place new coal staithes. As a result, in 1829 he and a group of Quaker businessmen bought 527 acres (213 ha) of land described as "a dismal swamp",[3] and established the Middlesbrough Estate Company. Through the company, the investors intended to develop both a new port, and a suitable town to supply its labour.[3] On 27 December 1830, the S&DR opened an extension across the river to a station at Newport, almost directly north of the current Middlesbrough station.[3] The S&DR quickly later renamed this new station and associated six-coal staithe dock facility as Port Darlington,[4] hoping to market the facility further. So successful was the port, a year after opening the population of Port Darlington had reached 2,350.[4] However, with Port Darlington overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports, in 1839 work started on Middlesbrough Dock. Laid out by Sir William Cubitt, the whole infrastructure was built by resident civil engineer George Turnbull.[4] After three years and an expenditure of £122,000 (equivalent to £9.65m at 2011 prices),[4] the formal opening occurred on 12 May 1842. On completion, the docks were bought by the S&DR.

As Middlesbrough developed, additional railway facilities were required to marshall goods wagons, and allow workers to access the docks and associated industries. So in 1882 the then named South Stockton railway station was built by the North Eastern Railway (NER), and opened on 1 October. However, in 1892 Parliament granted a charter that created the Borough of Thornaby-on-Tees, which incorporated the village of Thornaby and South Stockton, and so on 1 November 1892 the name of the station was also changed.[5]

Thornaby was located on a busy and hence important section of the line for the NER, between Newport and Middlesbrough Docks to the east, and Bowesfield Junction to the west (where the Northallerton/Darlington and Durham Coast Lines diverge), which had the busiest signal box on the NER system. The main station structure had a glass-covered entrance in a unique design of ironwork, which led to a booking office and waiting rooms for four classes.[5] Built of brick, the additional stonework was made of creamy yellow stone. Carved embracing the Arts and Crafts Movement of William Morris, a competition between local stonemasons resulted in 104 different designs.[5] The competition was noted on a brass plaque in the entrance area, which was removed and melted down as part of the war effort during World War II. The platform canopies were also of a unique ironwork design to Thornaby, but lost their glass after a Nazi Luftwaffe bomb fell close to the station during the war.[5]

After being taken over by British Railways on nationalisation, the decayed station was never really repaired post war, but kept its proud staff and hence well kept flower borders.[5] The variety of stone carvings also gained the station an entry in the newly created Guinness Book of Rail Facts and Feats.[5] With dwindling passenger numbers, staff were removed in the early 1970s, which led to a dramatic level of vandalism to the decayed station structures. After promises to refurbish the station due to local protests from 1977, demolition of the station buildings occurred in December 1981 in what was described locally as "institutionalised vandalism".[5] In both 1988 and 1994, BR proposed to rename the resulting "bus shelter" station as Stockton, but this and a later proposal in 2000 by Northern Spirit to rename the station as South Stockton were stopped by local protests.[5]

The stations revival occurred due to its being located next to the Teesdale development area and Durham University's Queen's Campus, and the provision of the new First TransPennine Express to Manchester Airport. This resulted in a £500,000 refurbishment in 2003 led by Arriva Trains Northern, the Strategic Rail Authority and Stockton-on-Tees borough council, that included the addition of waiting rooms for the first time in 25 years.[5][6]

The newly rebuilt station was officially opened by former local MP Dari Taylor on 7 February 2003 and now provides an enlarged car park, heated waiting room, manned ticket office, a shop, VDU displays and better lighting and security. As a result of this improvement work, and the return of staffing, Thornaby won a National Station of the Year Award in the 2003 HSBC Rail Awards.[7]

• Media related to Thornaby railway station at Wikimedia Commons

Preceding station		National Rail		Following station
Yarm		TransPennine Express North TransPennine		Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough		Northern Trains Durham Coast Line		Stockton
		Northern Trains Tees Valley Line		Eaglescliffe
	Disused railways
Middlesbrough		London & North Eastern Railway Clarence Railway via Castle Eden Railway		Redmarshall
Middlesbrough		London & North Eastern Railway Castle Eden Railway		Thorpe Thewles