Tobacco ringspot virus

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV or ToBRV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Secoviridae. It is the type species of the genus Nepovirus. Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes, varroa mites and honeybees.[1] TRSV is also easily transmitted by sap inoculation and transmission in seeds has been reported.[2] In recent cases it has also been shown to appear in bees.

Tobacco ringspot virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Secoviridae
Genus: Nepovirus
Species:
Tobacco ringspot virus

TRSV was observed for the first time in tobacco fields in Virginia and described in 1927.[3] It is an isometric particle[4] with a bipartite RNA genome. The virus has a wide host range[5] that includes field grown crops, ornamentals and weeds. Its name comes from its most common symptom being chlorotic ringspots on the leaves of infected plants.[6] In some areas this virus has caused growers to stop growing affected crops.[7]

A. B. C.

Symptoms and virus inclusions of Tobacco ringspot nepovirus in the host Zamia furfuracea, the Cardboard Cycad.[8] A. The first symptoms seen were chlorotic ringspots. With time they become necrotic. B. There are two types of inclusions found in leaf strips stained with Azure A (nucleic acid stain),[9] one is vacuolate (Vac Inc) and the other more crystalloid (Cyst Inc - darker spots). C. Vacuolate inclusions only.

References
  1. Systemic spread and propagation of a plant-pathogenic virus in European honeybees, Apis mellifera
  2. Murant, Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 973, 1983
  3. Fromme, Wingard & Priode, Phytopathology 17: 321, 1927.
  4. John Antoniw. "Show DPV Figure". Dpvweb.net. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  5. Price, Am. J. Bot. 27: 530, 1940.
  6. "Photography of infected leaves". Invasive.org. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  7. "Mosaic Diseases of Cucurbits" (PDF). University of Illinois. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  8. Baker CA, Adkins S (January 2007). "Tobacco ringspot virus found in the Cardboard Cycad (Zamia furfuracea) in Florida". Plant Dis. 91 (1): 112. doi:10.1094/PD-91-0112B. PMID 30781085.
  9. Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
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