Tokyo Toden

The Tokyo Toden (東京都電, Tōkyō Toden) or simply Toden, is the tram network of Tokyo, Japan. Of all its former routes, only one, the Tokyo Sakura Tram, remains in service. The Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation operates the Toden. The formal legal name is Tokyo-to Densha. Its nickname, "Toden," distinguished it from the "Kokuden" (electrified lines of the Japanese National Railways).

Toden cars crossing

History

At its peak, the Toden system boasted 41 routes with 213 kilometers of track. However, the increase in reliance on automobile traffic resulted in reductions in ridership, and from 1967 to 1972, 181 km of track were abandoned as the Bureau changed its emphasis to bus and subway modes of transportation.

  • 1903: The Tokyo Horse-drawn Railway changed its motive power to electricity and, under the name Tokyo Electric Railway (or Tōden, 東電) commenced operations between Shinagawa and Shinbashi.
  • 1903: The Tokyo Urban Railway (or Gaitetsu, 街鉄) began operations between Sukiyabashi (in Ginza) and Kandabashi.
  • 1904: The Tokyo Electric Railway (Sotobori Line) connecting Shinbashi Station and Ochanomizu opened.
  • 1905: The three companies published the "Tokyo Geography Education Streetcar Song" to promote knowledge of the geography of Tokyo.
  • 1906: The three companies merged to form the Tokyo Railways.
  • 1911: Tokyo City purchased the Tokyo Railways, established its Electric Bureau, and inaugurated the Tokyo City Streetcar (東京市電) system.
  • 1911–1922: The streetcar network expands, with various new companies and lines serving areas in the city and to the west.
  • 1933: The route from Shinagawa Station to North Shinagawa Station is abandoned.
  • 1933–1943: New companies, mergers, and realignments alter the network.
  • 1943: Tokyo City is abolished and the larger Tokyo Prefecture assumes its administrative functions. The Tokyo City Streetcar bureau becomes the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation.
  • 1944: Service is stopped on nine segments.
  • 1945–1951: During the Occupation of Japan, the network evolved slowly.
  • 1952: The segment of the Imai Line between Higashi Arakawa and Imaibashi Stations was replaced with trolley buses.
  • 1953, 1961: Two segments (one in Shinjuku and the other connecting Shinbashi Station and Shiodome) stop operating.
  • 1963: In preparation for the Tokyo Olympics, two segments (Kita-Aoyama Itchome – Miyakezaka and HanzomonKudanshita) cease operations. The Suginami Line (ShinjukuOgikubo) closes because it duplicates a line of the Eidan Subway.
  • 1967–1972: A plan for financial restructuring is put into effect in seven stages, resulting in the closing of routes.
  • 1974: A plan for abandoning the remaining track is cancelled. The remaining routes are consolidated into a single line, named the Arakawa Line.
  • 1978: One-man operation begins.
  • 1990: The 8500 Series rolling stock is introduced. It is the first new design in 28 years.
  • 2000: A new station, Arakawa Itchūmae, opens between two existing stations.
  • 2007 (projected): 9000 Series rolling stock is scheduled for introduction.

Former lines

Lines

This is the list of former lines, listed according to their official names. Correspnding routes are those of 1962. The first section of the lines opened in the listed opening years, while the last section of the lines closed in the listed closing years.

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Tōden)

  • Azumabashi Line; Route 24 and 30.
Ueno-Ekimae Honjo-Azumabashi
1904 1972
  • Hondōri Line; Route 1, 4, 19, 22 and 40.
Shimbashi Sudachō
1903 1971
  • Kanasugi Line; Route 1 and 4.
Mita Shimbashi
1903 1969
  • Kuramae Line; Route 22 and 31.
Kaminarimon Asakusabashi
1904 1971
  • Muromachi Line; Route 22 and 31.
Asakusabashi Marunouchi-Itchōme
1904 1971
  • Shinagawa Line; Route 1, 3 and 7.
Kita-Shinagawa Mita
1903 1967
Trains from the Keihin Electric Railway (the current Keihin Electric Express Railway) directly entered a section from Shinagawa Station to Kita-Shinagawa Station.
  • Ueno Line; Route 1, 19, 20, 24, 30, 37 and 40.
Sudachō Ueno-Ekimae
1903 1972

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Urban Railway

  • Aoyama Line; Route 6, 9 and 10.
Miyakezaka Shibuya-Ekimae
c. 1904 1968
  • Bammachi Line; Route 10.
Hanzōmon Kudanshita
c. 1905 1963
  • Chiyodabashi Line; Route 15, 28 and 38.
Ōtemachi Eitaibashi
c. 1904 1972
  • Edogawa Line; Route 15 and 39.
Kudanshita Waseda
c. 1905 1968
  • Hamachō Line
Ningyōchō Ryōgoku
c. 1904 1944
  • Hanzōmon Line; Route 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Hibiya-Kōen Hanzōmon
1903 1968
  • Hongō Line; Route 19.
Circa Sudachō Hakusan-ue
1904 1971
  • Hōraibashi Line
Miharabashi Hōraibashi
c. 1904 c. 1909
  • Ichigaya Line; Route 12.
c. 1905 1970
  • Kandabashi Line; Route 2, 5, 15, 25, 35 and 37.
Hibiya-Kōen Ogawamachi
1903 1968
  • Kiridōshi Line; Route 16 and 39.
Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae Ueno-Hirokōji
c. 1904 1971
  • Kōtōbashi Line; Route 25, 29 and 38.
Ryōgoku-Nichōme Kinshibori
c. 1905 1972
  • Kudan Line; Route 10, 12 and 15.
Ogawamachi Kudanshita
c. 1904 1970
  • Mita Line; Route 2, 5, 35 and 37.
Mita Hibiya-Kōen
c. 1904 1968
  • Narihira Line; Route 16, 23 and 24.
Midorichō-Itchōme Fukujimbashi
Narihirabashi Asakusa-Ekimae (the current Tōbu Narihirabashi Station.)
c. 1905 1972
  • Ryōgokubashi Line; Route 10, 12, 25 and 29.
Ogawamachi Ryōgoku-Nichōme
1903 1972
  • Shinjuku Line; Route 11, 12 and 13.
Hanzōmon Shinjuku-Ekimae
1903 1970
  • Suzaki Line; Route 28 and 38.
Eitaibashi Tōyō-Kōen-mae
Fukushimabashi (Eitai-Nichōme) Kamezumichō (Fukagawa-Itchōme)
c. 1904 1972
  • Toranomon Line; Route 3 and 8.
Sakuradamon Kamiyachō
Toranomon Reinanzaka
c. 1905 1968
  • Tsukiji Line; Route 8, 9, 11 and 36.
Hibiya-Kōen Kayabachō ( Ningyōchō)
1903 1971
  • Umayabashi Line; Route 16 and 39.
Ueno-Hirokōji Honjo-Itchōme
c. 1905 1971

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Sotobori Line)

  • Dobashi Line; Route 17.
Shin-Tokiwabashi Shimbashi-eki-Kitaguchi
c. 1904 1968
  • Hiroo Line; Route 7.
Aoyama-Itchōme Tengenjibashi
c. 1905 1969
  • Hōraibashi Line; Route 6.
Miharabashi Toranomon
c. 1905 1967
  • Nishikichō Line
Ochanomizu Shin-Tokiwabashi
c. 1904 1944
  • Ochanomizu Line; Route 13 and 19.
Iidabashi Akihabara-eki-Higashiguchi
c. 1905 1971
  • Shinanomachi Line; Route 7 and 33.
Yotsuya-Sanchōme Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme
c. 1905 1969
  • Tameike Line; Route 3 and 6.
Toranomon Yotsuya-Mitsuke
c. 1905 1967
  • Ushigome Line; Route 3 and 12.
Yotsuya-Mitsuke Iidabashi
c. 1905 1970

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Railways

  • Furukawa Line; Route 4, 5, 7, 8 and 34.
Tengenjibashi Kanasugibashi
c. 1910 1969
Near Ichinohashi, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Hakusan Line; Route 2, 18 and 35.
Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae Hakusan-ue
c. 1910 1968
  • Izumibashi Line; Route 13 and 21.
Doshūbashi Ueno-Ekimae
c. 1910 1970
On Shōwa Street near Ueno Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Minowa Line; Route 21 and 31
c. 1910 1969
  • Ōtsuka Line; Route 16 and 17.
Denzūin-mae Ōtsuka-Ekimae
c. 1910 1971
  • Senju Line; Route 22.
Komagata-Nichōme Minami-Senju
c. 1910 1971
  • Sugamo Line; Route 2, 18 and 35.
Hakusan-ue Sugamo-Shako-mae
c. 1910 1968
  • Suidōbashi Line; Route 2, 17, 18 and 35.
Shin-Tokiwabashi Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae
c. 1910 1968
  • Takahashi Line; Route 23.
Monzen-Nakachō Midorichō-Itchōme
c. 1910 1972
  • Tomisaka Line; Route 16, 17 and 39.
Ōmagari Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae
c. 1910 1971

Lines made by Ōji Electric Tramway

  • Akabane Line; Route 27.
Ōji-Ekimae Akabane
1926 1972
  • Arakawa Line; Route 27 and 32.
Kumanomae Ōji-Ekimae
1913 still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Mikawashima Line; Route 27.
Minowabashi Kumanomae
1913 still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Takinogawa Line; Route 32.
Ōji-Ekimae Ōtsuka-Ekimae
1911 still operational
The current Arakawa Line.
  • Waseda Line; Route 32.
Ōtsuka-Ekimae Waseda
1925 still operational
The current Arakawa Line.

Lines made by Jōtō Electric Tramway

  • Ichinoe Line; Route 26.
Higashi-Arakawa Imaibashi
1925 1952
Commonly called Imai Line. An isolated line with no transfer stations to other lines in the network.
  • Komatsugawa Line; Route 25, 29 and 38.
Kinshibori Nishi-Arakawa
1917 1972
On the Keiyō Road near Kameido Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways.
  • Sunamachi Line; Route 29 and 38.
Suijimmori Suzaki
1921 1972

Lines made by Tamagawa Electric Railway

  • Naka-Meguro Line; Route 8.
Shibuyabashi Naka-Meguro
  • Tengenjibashi Line; Route 8 and 34.
Shibuya-Ekimae Tengenjibashi

Lines made by the former Seibu Railway

They were the only lines with a gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in). The rest of the network had a gauge of 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in).

  • Kōenji Line; Route 14.
Shinjuku-Ekimae Kōenji-Itchōme
1921 1963
Commonly called Suginami Line.
  • Ogikubo Line; Route 14.
Kōenji-Itchōme Ogikubo-Ekimae
1921 1963
Commonly called Suginami Line.

Other lines

  • Asukayama Line; Route 19.
Komagome-Ekimae Asukayama
c. 1920 1971
  • Awajimachi Line; Route 37.
Awajimachi Soto-Kanda-Sanchōme
c. 1920 1967
  • Dōzaka Line; Route 20, 37 and 40.
Ueno-Kōen Sengoku-Itchōme
Late 1910s 1971
Ueno-Kōen-mae Nezu-Itchōme (the line along the edge of Shinobazu Pond) ran on its own right-of-way.
  • Ebisu Line
Tengenjibashi Ebisu-Chōjamaru
1913 1944
Also called Toyosawa Line, or Tengenji Line.
  • Fudanotsuji Line; Route 3 and 8.
Iikura-Itchōme Fudanotsuji
c. 1912 1967
  • Gokokuji Line; Route 17 and 20.
Sengoku-Itchōme Gokokuji-mae
c. 1920 1971
  • Gotanda Line; Route 4.
Seishōkō-mae Gotanda-Ekimae
Late 1920s 1967
  • Hatchōbori Line; Route 5.
Baba-Sakimon Eitaibashi
c. 1920 1967
  • Ikebukuro Line; Route 17.
Gokokuji-mae Ikebukuro-Ekimae
Early 1930s 1969
  • Isarago Line; Route 4, 5 and 7.
Furukawabashi Sengakuji
c. 1912 1969
  • Ishiwara Line; Route 16.
Ishiwarachō-Itchōme Kinshichō-Ekimae (Kitaguchi)
Taiheichō-Sanchōme Kameido-Tenjimbashi
Late 1920s 1971
  • Itabashi Line; Route 18 and 41.
Sugamo-Shako-mae Itabashi-Ekimae
Late 1920s 1966
Sometimes included to Shimura Line.
  • Kachidokibashi Line; Route 11.
Tsukiji-Tsukishima
1947 1968
  • Kasaibashi Line; Route 29.
Sakaigawa Kasaibashi
Early 1940s 1972
  • Kasumichō Line; Route 6.
Tameike Minami-Aoyama-Gochōme
Late 1910s 1967
  • Kita-Senju Line; Route 21.
Senju-Ōhashi Senju-Yonchōme
Late 1920s 1968
  • Komagome Line; Route 19.
Mukōgaoka-Nichōme Komagome-Ekimae
Late 1910s 1971
  • Marunouchi Line; Route 28 and 31.
Marunouchi-Itchōme Tochō-mae
c. 1920 1969
  • Meguro Line; Route 4 and 5.
Gyoranzaka-shita Meguro-Ekimae
c. 1912 1967
  • Mukōjima Line; Route 30.
Honjo-Azumabashi Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme
Late 1920s 1969
  • Otowa Line; Route 20.
Gokokuji-mae Yaraishita
Late 1920s 1971
  • Roppongi Line; Route 3, 8 and 33.
Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme
1912 1969
  • Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line; Route 12.
Ryōgoku-Nichōme Ryōgoku-Ekimae
1923 1968
  • Sarue Line; Route 28 and 36.
Kinshichō-Ekimae (Minamiguchi) Tōyō-Kōen-mae
Late 1920s 1972
  • Senzoku Line; Route 31.
Kuramae-Itchōme Minowa-Shako-mae
c. 1920 1969
  • Shibaura Line
Tōkyō-Kōguchi Shibaura-Nichōme
1910 1969; The passenger service started from 1920s.
  • Shimura Line; Route 18 and 41.
Itabashi-Ekimae Shimurabashi
Early 1940s 1966
  • Shin-Ōhashi Line; Route 9 and 36.
Kayabachō Sumiyoshichō-Nichōme
c. 1912 1971
  • Totsuka Line; Route 15.
Takadanobaba-Ekimae Omokagebashi
? 1968; The opening year unknown.
  • Tsukishima Line; Route 23.
Monzen-Nakachō Tsukishima
c. 1920 1972
  • Tsunohazu Line; Route 13.
Iidabashi Yotsuya-Sankōchō
c. 1912 1970

Routes

As of 1962, there were 41 routes in operation; the largest number in Japanese history.

Route 1
Shinagawa-Ekimae Shinagawa Line Kanasugi Line Hondōri Line Ueno Line Ueno-Ekimae
Route 2
Mita Mita Line Kandabashi Line Suidōbashi Line Hakusan Line Sugamo Line Tōyō-Daigaku-mae
Route 3
Shinagawa-Ekimae Shinagawa Line Fudanotsuji Line Roppongi Line Toranomon Line Tameike Line Ushigome Line Iidabashi
Route 4
Gotanda-Ekimae Gotanda Line Meguro Line Isarago Line Furukawa Line Kanasugi Line Hondōri Line Ginza-Nichōme
Route 5
Meguro-Ekimae Meguro Line Isarago Line Furukawa Line Mita Line Kandabashi Line Hatchōbori Line Eitaibashi
Route 6
Shibuya-Ekimae Aoyama Line Kasumichō Line Tameike Line Hōraibashi Line Shimbashi
Route 7
Yotsuya-Sanchōme Shinanomachi Line Hiroo Line Furukawa Line Isarago Line Shinagawa Line Shinagawa-Ekimae
Route 8
Naka-Meguro Naka-Meguro Line Tengenjibashi Line Furukawa Line Fudanotsuji Line Roppongi Line Toranomon Line Hanzōmon Line Tsukiji Line Tsukiji
Route 9
Shibuya-Ekimae Aoyama Line Hanzōmon Line Tsukiji Line Shin-Ōhashi Line Hamachō-Nakanohashi
Route 10
Shibuya-Ekimae Aoyama Line Hanzōmon Line Bammachi Line Kudanshita Line Ryōgokubashi Line Sudachō
Route 11
Shinjuku-Ekimae Shinjuku Line Hanzōmon Line Tsukiji Line Kachidokibashi Line Tsukishima
Route 12
Shinjuku-Ekimae Shinjuku Line Ushigome Line Ichigaya Line Kudan Line Ryōgokubashi Line Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line Ryōgoku-Ekimae
Route 13
Shinjuku-Ekimae Shinjuku Line Tsunohazu Line Ochanomizu Line Izumibashi Line Suitengū-mae
Route 14
Shinjuku-Ekimae Kōenji Line Ogikubo Line Ogikubo-Ekimae
Route 15
Takadanobaba-Ekimae Totsuka Line Waseda Line Edogawa Line Kudan Line Kandabashi Line Chiyodabashi Line Kayabachō
Route 16
Ōtsuka-Ekimae Ōtsuka Line Tomisaka Line Kiridōshi Line Umayabashi Line Narihira Line Ishiwara Line Kinshichō-Ekimae
Route 17
Ikebukuro-Ekimae Ikebukuro Line Gokokuji Line Ōtsuka Line Tomisaka Line Suidōbashi Line Dobashi Line Sukiyabashi
Route 18
Shimura-Sakaue Shimura Line Itabashi Line Sugamo Line Hakusan Line Suidōbashi Line Kandabashi
Route 19
Ōji-Ekimae Takinogawa Line Asukayama Line Komagome Line Hongō Line Ochanomizu Line Ueno Line Hondōri Line Tōri-Sanchōme
Route 20
Edogawabashi Otowa Line Gokokuji Line Dōzaka Line Ueno Line Sudachō
Route 21
Senju-Yonchōme Kita-Senju Line Minowa Line Izumibashi Line Suitengū-mae
Route 22
Minami-Senju Senju Line Kuramae Line Muromachi Line Hondōri Line Shimbashi
Route 22 Temporal
Kaminarimon Kuramae Line Muromachi Line Hondōri Line Shimbashi
The branch route was treated as a temporal route.
Route 23
Fukujimbashi Narihira Line Takahashi Line Tsukishima Line Tsukishima
Route 24
Fukujimbashi Narihira Line Azumabashi Line Ueno Line Sudachō
Route 25
Nishi-Arakawa Komatsugawa Line Kōtōbashi Line Ryōgokubashi Line Kandabashi Line Hibiya-Kōen
Route 26
Higashi-Arakawa Ichinoe Line Imaibashi
Already discontinued in 1952.
Route 27
Minowabashi Mikawashima Line Arakawa Line Akabane Line Akabane
Route 28
Kinshichō-Ekimae Sarue Line Suzaki Line Chiyodabashi Line Marunouchi Line Tochō-mae
Route 29
Kasaibashi Kasaibashi Line Sunamachi Line Komatsugawa Line Kōtōbashi Line Ryōgokubashi Line Sudachō
Route 29 Temporal
Kasaibashi Kasaibashi Line Sunamachi Line Suzaki Line Chiyodabashi Line Nihombashi
The temporal route operated at morning and evening.
Route 30
Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme Mukōjima Line Azumabashi Line Ueno Line Sudachō
Route 31
Minowabashi Mikawashima Line Senzoku Line Kuramae Line Muromachi Line Marunouchi Line Tochō-mae
Route 32
Arakawa-Shako-mae Arakawa Line Takinogawa Line Waseda Line Waseda
Route 33
Yotsuya-Sanchōme Shinanomachi Line Roppongi Line Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme
Route 34
Shibuya-Ekimae Tengenjibashi Line Tengenjibashi
Route 35
Sugamo-Shako-mae Sugamo Line Hakusan Line Suidōbashi Line Kandabashi Line Mita Line Nishi-Shimbashi-Itchōme
Route 36
Kinshichō-Ekimae Sarue Line Shin-Ōhashi Line Tsukiji Line Tsukiji
Route 37
Mita Mita Line Kandabashi Line Ryōgokubashi Line Awajichō Line Ueno Line Dōzaka Line Sendagi-Nichōme
Route 38
Kishinbori-Shako-mae Kōtōbashi Line Komatsugawa Line Sunamachi Line Suzaki Line Chiyodabashi Line Nihombashi
Route 39
Waseda Edogawa Line Tomisaka Line Kiridōshi Line Umayabashi Line Umayabashi
Route 40
Shimmeichō-Shako-mae Dōzaka Line Ueno Line Hondōri Line Ginza-Nanachōme
Route 41
Shimurabashi Shimura Line Itabashi Line Sugamo-Shako-mae

See also

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