USCGC Bittersweet (WLB-389)

USCGC Bittersweet (WLB 389) was a C or Iris-class 180-foot buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard.

Bittersweet in Estonian service as Valvas.
History
United States
Name: Bittersweet
Builder: Zenith Dredge Company, Duluth, Minnesota
Cost: $926,769
Laid down: 16 September 1943
Launched: 11 November 1943
Commissioned: 11 May 1944
Decommissioned: 18 August 1997
Reclassified: WAGL-389 to WLB-389, 1965
Identification: Call Sign: NODH
Fate: Transferred to Estonia, 5 September 1997
Estonia
Name: Valvas
Operator: Estonian Border Guard
Acquired: 5 September 1997
Decommissioned: 11 July 2014
Identification:
Status: Undergoing preservation to be a museum ship
General characteristics
Class and type: Iris-class buoy tender
Displacement:
  • 1945 :
  • 935 long tons (950 t) full load
  • 1966 :
  • 700 long tons (711 t) light
  • 1,026 long tons (1,042 t) full load
Length:
  • 180 ft (55 m) o/a
  • 170 ft (52 m) p/p
Beam: 37 ft 1 in (11.30 m)
Draft:
  • 1945 : 12 ft (3.7 m)
  • 1966 : 14 ft 7 in (4.45 m)
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • Maximum :
  • 1945 : 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
  • 1966 : 11.9 knots (22.0 km/h; 13.7 mph)
  • Economic :
  • 1945 : 8.3 knots (15.4 km/h; 9.6 mph)
  • 1966 : 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph)
Range:
  • 12,000 nmi (22,000 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
  • 17,000 nmi (31,000 km) at 8.3 kn (15.4 km/h; 9.6 mph)
Complement:
  • 1945 : 6 officers, 74 enlisted
  • 1962 : 3 officers, 2 warrants, 42 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • 1945 :
  • SL-1 radar
  • WEA sonar
Armament:

Built by the Zenith Dredge Company of Duluth, Minnesota, the ship was laid down on 16 September 1943, and launched on 11 November 1943. Commissioned on 11 May 1944, Bittersweet was assigned to the 17th Coast Guard District, and sailed for Alaska via the St. Lawrence River, the Panama Canal and San Francisco, arriving on 19 November 1944.

Based at Kodiak, her primary mission was the performance of general aids to navigation (ATON) duties, but she also carried out numerous search and rescue operations, fought fires, delivered medical supplies, and enforced fishing laws.

At the end of the war in September 1945, in addition continuing her ATON duties, Bittersweet was now charged with the performance of law enforcement duties. Kodiak remained the ship's homeport until 30 June 1964 when it changed to Ketchikan. She remained there until mid-1976 when the ship underwent major renovations at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland.

Bittersweet was then stationed at Woods Hole, Massachusetts and used for ATON and icebreaking. In addition she took part in oil spill cleanup operations and also participated in the International Ice Patrol, collecting hydrographic and drift buoy data off the Grand Banks using a mobile laboratory.

Bittersweet was decommissioned on 18 August 1997, and given to Estonia. Renamed Valvas, the ship served in the Estonian Border Guard until it was decommissioned in July 2014 and given to the Estonian Maritime Museum. It is to become a museum ship.

Design

The Iris-class buoy tenders were constructed after the Mesquite-class buoy tenders. Bittersweet cost $926,769 to construct and had an overall length of 180 feet (55 m). It had a beam of 37 feet (11 m) and a draft of up to 12 feet (3.7 m) at the time of construction, although this was increased to 14 feet 7 inches (4.45 m) in 1966. It initially had a displacement of 935 long tons (950 t; 1,047 short tons); this was increased to 1,026 long tons (1,042 t; 1,149 short tons) in 1966. It was powered by one electric motor. This was connected up to two Westinghouse generators which were driven by two CooperBessemer GND-8 four-cycle diesel engines. It had a single screw.[1]

The Iris-class buoy tenders had maximum sustained speeds of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph), although this diminished to around 11.9 knots (22.0 km/h; 13.7 mph) in 1966. For economic and effective operation, it had to initially operate at 8.3 knots (15.4 km/h; 9.6 mph), although this increased to 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) in 1966. The ship had a complement of six officers and seventy-four crew members in 1945; this decreased to two warrants, four officers, and forty-seven men in 1966. It was fitted with a SL1 radar system and QBE-3A sonar system in 1945. Its armament consisted of one 3"/50 caliber gun, two 20mm/80 guns, two Mousetraps, two depth charge tracks, and four Y-guns in 1945; these were removed in 1966.[1]

References
  1. "Bittersweet" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
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