USS Indianola (1862)

USS Indianola, an ironclad river gunboat propelled by both side wheels and screw propellers, was built in Cincinnati, Ohio by Joseph Brown. She had 3-inch (76 mm) iron armor plate and an over 3-foot (0.91 m)-thick wooden hull.[1]

USS Indianola in 1863
History
United States
Name: Indianola
Commissioned: January 1862
Decommissioned: sold 1865
Fate: Scrapped
General characteristics
Displacement: 511 tons
Length: 174 ft (53 m)
Beam: 50 ft (15 m)
Draft: 5 ft (1.5 m)
Propulsion: Sidewheel, Steam-driven screw
Speed: 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)
Armament:

The danger that Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, whose troops had reached Covington, Kentucky, just across the Ohio River, would capture Cincinnati, prompted Major General Lew Wallace to take Indianola from the contractor before completion 2 September 1862 and have her launched two days later. Acting Master Edward Shaw was placed in command of the ship on 18 September, and she was reported in commission nine days later.

Building Indianola

Indianola was "armed and ready to defend Cincinnati" by 23 October—but was not completed. When ready for general service several weeks later, the water level in the Ohio River had fallen too much for her to get over the falls at Louisville. She finally arrived at Cairo, Illinois and joined the Mississippi Squadron on 23 January 1863. She served briefly in the Mississippi and the Yazoo Rivers before running past the Confederate batteries at Vicksburg, Mississippi to join USS Queen of the West in an effort to stop the Confederate flow of supplies from the Red River.

She left her anchorage in the Yazoo River at 10:15 p.m., 13 February, and moved slowly downstream until the first gun was fired at her from the Vicksburg cliffs slightly more than an hour later. She then raced ahead at full speed until out of range of the Confederate cannon, which thundered at her from above. She anchored for the night four miles (6.4 km) below Warrenton, Mississippi, and early the next morning got underway down river.

Two days later, 16 February, Indianola met prize steamer Era No. 5 manned by the survivors of Queen of the West, which had run aground while under heavy fire from Confederate shore batteries at Gorton's Landing (frequently misspelled "Gordon's" in contemporary accounts, and which had in fact been Barbin's Landing since 1858) in the Red River. Late that afternoon lookouts in Indianola spotted Confederate steamer CSS Webb abreast Ellis Cliffs. She promptly cleared for action and steamed ahead full speed firing at the Southern ship, which proved to be barely out of range. Webb turned about and dashed downstream and out of sight around a bend in the river. A heavy fog set in, compelling Indianola to give up the chase and anchor for the night. Early the next afternoon the fog cleared enabling Indianola to proceed to the mouth of the Red River, where she maintained a strict blockade until 21 February, when she began steaming upstream. Her progress was slowed by two coal barges which she towed so that she might furnish fuel to any ships sent to reinforce her from above Vicksburg. On the evening of 24 February, the Confederate ram Webb and Queen of the West, now Confederate-manned, overtook Indianola and attacked from each side, ramming her seven times before the ironclad, "in an almost powerless condition," ran her bow on the west bank of the river and surrendered.

Prisoner exchange
Seaman John M. Bradley on board USS Indianola
Wooden dummy "ironclad", 1863
USS Indianola explodes in a sketch by Theodore R. Davis, published in Harper's Weekly in 1863.

The loss of Indianola was deeply distressing to the Union. It ended Admiral David Dixon Porter's efforts to blockade the Red River by detached vessels while keeping the body of his fleet above Vicksburg, Mississippi, and it prompted Farragut's costly run by the South's forts at Port Hudson on 14 March 1863. On the brighter side, it set the stage for one of the most successful hoaxes of the war. A dummy ironclad was made on an old coal barge by building paddle boxes and a simulated casemate complete with logs painted black to resemble cannons. Pork-barrel funnels containing burning smudge pots were the final touch added just before the strange craft was cast adrift to float past Vicksburg on the night of Indianola's surrender. Word of this "ironclad" panicked the salvage crew working on Indianola, causing them to set off the ship's magazines to prevent her recapture. After Vicksburg fell, and following long and difficult struggle, Indianola was refloated on 5 January 1865 and towed to Mound City, Illinois, 17 January, where she was sold.

References
  1. Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 614.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.

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