Ubiquitin C

UBC
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1C3T, 1CMX, 1D3Z, 1F9J, 1FXT, 1G6J, 1GJZ, 1NBF, 1OGW, 1Q5W, 1S1Q, 1SIF, 1TBE, 1UBI, 1UBQ, 1UD7, 1XD3, 1XQQ, 1YX5, 1YX6, 1ZGU, 2AYO, 2BGF, 2DEN, 2FUH, 2G45, 2GBJ, 2GBK, 2GBM, 2GBN, 2GBR, 2GMI, 2HTH, 2IBI, 2J7Q, 2JF5, 2JRI, 2JY6, 2JZZ, 2K25, 2K6D, 2K8B, 2K8C, 2KDF, 2KJH, 2KLG, 2KN5, 2KX0, 2L3Z, 2LD9, 2LVO, 2LVP, 2LVQ, 2LZ6, 2MBO, 2MBQ, 2MCN, 2MI8, 2MJ5, 2MOR, 2MRE, 2MWS, 2N2K, 2NR2, 2O6V, 2OJR, 2PE9, 2PEA, 2RR9, 2RU6, 2W9N, 2WDT, 2XEW, 2Z59, 2ZCB, 2ZVN, 2ZVO, 3A33, 3ALB, 3AUL, 3B08, 3B0A, 3BY4, 3C0R, 3DVG, 3DVN, 3EEC, 3EFU, 3EHV, 3H7P, 3H7S, 3HM3, 3IFW, 3IHP, 3JSV, 3JVZ, 3JW0, 3K9O, 3K9P, 3KVF, 3KW5, 3LDZ, 3MHS, 3MTN, 3N30, 3N32, 3N3K, 3NS8, 3O65, 3OFI, 3OJ4, 3ONS, 3PRM, 3PT2, 3PTF, 3Q3F, 3RUL, 3TMP, 3U30, 3UGB, 3V6C, 3V6E, 3VFK, 3VUW, 3VUX, 3VUY, 3WXE, 3WXF, 3ZNI, 3ZNZ, 4AUQ, 4BOS, 4BOZ, 4BVU, 4DDG, 4DDI, 4DHJ, 4DHZ, 4FJV, 4HK2, 4HXD, 4I6L, 4I6N, 4IG7, 4IUM, 4JQW, 4K1R, 4K7S, 4K7U, 4K7W, 4KSK, 4KSL, 4LCD, 4LDT, 4MDK, 4MM3, 4MSM, 4MSQ, 4NQK, 4UN2, 4V3K, 4V3L, 5AIU, 4XOK, 5AF6, 5AF5, 5AF4, 4XOL, 5C7J, 5C7M, 5E6J, 4ZQS, 4AP4,%%s4AP4
Identifiers
Aliases	UBC, HMG20, Ubiquitin C
External IDs	OMIM: 191340 MGI: 98889 HomoloGene: 128418 GeneCards: UBC
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
End	124,917,368 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2]
End	125,390,202 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protease binding; • GO:0001948 protein binding; • RNA binding; • protein tag; • ubiquitin protein ligase binding;
Cellular component	• cytoplasm; • endocytic vesicle membrane; • cytosol; • cell nucleus; • extracellular exosome; • cell membrane; • nucleoplasm; • endosome membrane; • extracellular; • mitochondrial outer membrane; • endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment; • vesicle; • endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • host cell;
Biological process	• DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest; • negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • interstrand cross-link repair; • nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition; • positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; • tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • regulation of type I interferon production; • TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway; • endosomal transport; • global genome nucleotide-excision repair; • NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; • G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; • stress-activated MAPK cascade; • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • macroautophagy; • negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; • DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage; • nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling; • error-free translesion synthesis; • regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • JNK cascade; • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia; • nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision; • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • innate immune system; • Notch signaling pathway; • regulation of mRNA stability; • protein polyubiquitination; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • virion assembly; • activation of MAPK activity; • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process; • negative regulation of type I interferon production; • nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway; • GO:0046795 intracellular transport of virus; • GO:0019067 viral life cycle; • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • error-prone translesion synthesis; • MAPK cascade; • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • ion transmembrane transport; • glycogen biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • translesion synthesis; • transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair; • T cell receptor signaling pathway; • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion; • Wnt signaling pathway; • nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding; • regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator; • ERBB2 signaling pathway; • nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly; • Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway; • proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • cellular protein metabolic process; • protein folding; • negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; • protein ubiquitination; • protein deubiquitination; • SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; • entry of bacterium into host cell; • transmembrane transport; • regulation of necroptotic process; • membrane organization; • endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming; • cellular iron ion homeostasis; • regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation; • protein targeting to peroxisome; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • modification-dependent protein catabolic process; • interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7316
	22190
	ENSG00000150991
	ENSMUSG00000008348
	P0CG48
	P0CG50
	NM_021009
	NM_019639
	NP_066289
	NP_062613
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Polyubiquitin-C is a protein encoded by the UBC gene in humans.[5][6][7] Polyubiquitin-C is one of the sources of ubiquitin, along with UBB, UBA52, and RPS27A.[8]

UBC gene is one of the two stress-regulated polyubiquitin genes (UBB and UBC) in mammals. It plays a key role in maintaining cellular ubiquitin levels under stress conditions.[9][10] Defects of UBC gene could lead to mid-gestation embryonic lethality.

Structure

Gene

UBC gene is located at chromosome 12q24.3, consisting of 2 exons. The promoter of the UBC gene contains putative heat shock elements (HSEs), which mediates UBC induction upon stress. UBC gene differs from UBB gene in the number of Ub coding units they contain.[9] Nine to ten Ub units were in the UBC gene.

Protein

In polyubiquitin-C, the C-terminus of a given ubiquitin molecule is covalently conjugated to either the N-terminal residue or one of seven lysine residues of another ubiquitin molecule.[11] Different linking of ubiquitin chains results in distinct conformations. There are 8 linkage types of polyubiquitin-C, and each type possesses the linkage-dependent dynamics and a linkage-specific conformation.[12][13]

Function

The diversity of polyubiquitin-C means that ubiquitylation contributes to the regulation of many cellular events. Polyubiquitin-C doesn’t activate the heat-shock response, but it plays a key role in sustaining the response. UBC gene transcription is induced during stress and provides extra ubiquitin necessary to remove damaged/unfolded proteins.[10][14] Polyubiquitin-C has important role in diverse biological processes, such as innate immunity, DNA repair and kinase activity.[15][16][17] Unanchored polyubiquitin-C are also key signaling molecules that connect and coordinate the proteasome and autophagy to eliminate toxic protein aggregates.[18]

Clinical significance

Loss of a single UBC allele has no apparent phenotype, while homozygous deletion of UBC gene leads to mid-gestation embryonic lethality due to a defect in fetal liver development, as well as a delay in cell-cycle progression and increased susceptibility to cellular stress.[10] It is also reported that homozygous deletion of UBC gene in mouse embryonic fibroblasts will cause decreased cellular Ub level and reduced viability under oxidative stress.[19]

Interactions

Polyubiquitin-C has been shown to interact with:

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150991 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000008348 - Ensembl, May 2017
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