Virginia's 2nd congressional district

Virginia's 2nd congressional district
	Elaine Luria; D–Norfolk
Distribution	92.57% urban[1]; 7.43% rural;
Population (2019)	723,927[2]
Median household; income	$74,704[3]
Ethnicity	67.21% White; 19.97% Black; 7.76% Hispanic; 5.41% Asian; 0.26% Native American;
Cook PVI	R+3[4]

Virginia's second congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It currently encompasses all of Accomack, Northampton and York counties, all of the cities of Virginia Beach and Williamsburg and parts of the cities of Norfolk and Hampton, although its boundaries changed greatly over the centuries (it initially encompassed what became West Virginia after the American Civil War). Republican Scott Rigell defeated Democrat Glenn Nye in the November 2, 2010 election, and took his seat January 3, 2011 until 2017, when he was succeeded by Scott Taylor. In the November 6, 2018 election, Democrat Elaine Luria defeated Republican Scott Taylor. It is now considered one of Virginia's most competitive congressional districts.

2016 redistricting

This image shows the 2016 court-ordered VA Congressional districts.

The Virginia Legislature's 2012 redistricting of the adjacent 3rd district was found unconstitutional and replaced with a court-ordered redistricting on January 16, 2016 for the 2016 elections.[5][6][7][8][9]

Recent results in statewide races

Year	Office	Results
1996	U.S. President	Dole 48%–44%[10]
1996	U.S. Senator	Warner 57%–43%[10]
1997	Governor	Gilmore 56%–42%[11]
	Lieutenant Governor	Hager 52%–41%[11]
	Attorney General	Earley 63%–37%[11]
2000	U.S. President	Bush 53%–45%[12]
2000	U.S. Senator	Allen 51%–49%[12]
2001	Governor	Earley 50%–50%[13]
	Lieutenant Governor	Katzen 52%–47%[13]
	Attorney General	Kilgore 64%–36%[13]
2002	U.S. Senator	Warner 84%–9%[14]
2004	U.S. President	Bush 58%–42%[15]
2005	Governor	Kaine 50%–47%[16]
	Lieutenant Governor	Bolling 54%–45%[16]
	Attorney General	McDonnell 55%–44%[16]
2006	Senate	Allen 51%–48%[17]
2008	U.S. President	Obama 50%–48%[18]
2008	Senate	Warner 65%–34%[18]
2009	Governor	McDonnell 62%–38%[19]
	Lieutenant Governor	Bolling 56%–44%[20]
	Attorney General	Cuccinelli 60%–40%[20]
2012	U.S. President	Obama 50%–48%[21]
2012	Senate	Kaine 52%–48%[21]
2013	Governor	McAuliffe 47%–46%–7%[22]
	Lieutenant Governor	Northam 57%–43%[23]
	Attorney General	Obenshain 52%–48%[24]
2014	Senator	Gillespie 49%–48%[25]
2016	U.S. President	Trump 48%–45%[26]
2017	Governor	Northam 51%–47%[27]
2018	Senator	Kaine 54%–44%[28]
2020	U.S. President	Biden 52%–47%

List of members representing the district

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
John Brown	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1789 – June 1, 1792	1st 2nd	Elected in 1789. Re-elected in 1790. Resigned.
Vacant		June 2, 1792 – March 3, 1793	2nd
Andrew Moore	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795	3rd 4th	Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1793. Re-elected in 1795. Retired.
Andrew Moore	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1797	3rd 4th
David Holmes	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1803	5th 6th 7th	Elected in 1797. Re-elected in 1799. Re-elected in 1801. Redistricted to the 4th district.
James Stephenson	Federalist	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805	8th	Elected in 1803. Lost re-election.
John Morrow	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1809	9th 10th	Elected in 1805. Re-elected in 1807. Lost re-election.
James Stephenson	Federalist	March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811	11th	Elected in 1809. Lost re-election.
John Baker	Federalist	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813	12th	Elected in 1811. Retired.
Francis White	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	13th	Elected in 1813. Lost re-election.
Magnus Tate	Federalist	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817	14th	Elected in 1815. Retired.
Edward Colston	Federalist	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819	15th	Elected in 1817. Lost re-election.
Thomas Van Swearingen	Federalist	March 4, 1819 – August 19, 1822	16th 17th	Elected in 1819. Re-elected in 1821. Died.
Vacant		August 19, 1822 – October 28, 1822	17th
James Stephenson	Federalist	October 28, 1822 – March 3, 1823	17th	Elected to finish Van Swearingen's term and seated December 2, 1822. Redistricted to the 16th district.
Arthur Smith	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th	Redistricted from the 20th district and Re-elected in 1823. Retired.
James Trezvant	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831	19th 20th 21st	Elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Re-elected in 1829. [data unknown/missing]
John Y. Mason	Jacksonian	March 4, 1831 – January 11, 1837	22nd 23rd 24th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned.
Vacant		January 12, 1837 – March 3, 1837	24th
Francis E. Rives	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	25th 26th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
George B. Cary	Democratic	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
George Dromgoole	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – April 27, 1847	28th 29th 30th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		April 27, 1847 – August 5, 1847	30th
Richard K. Meade	Democratic	August 5, 1847 – March 3, 1853	30th 31st 32nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.
John Millson	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1861	33rd 34th 35th 36th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Inactive		March 4, 1861 – January 26, 1870	37th 38th 39th 40th	Civil War
James H. Platt Jr.	Republican	January 27, 1870 – March 3, 1875	41st 42nd 43rd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
John Goode Jr.	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1881	44th 45th 46th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
John F. Dezendorf	Republican	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883	47th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Harry Libbey	Readjuster	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885	48th 49th	[data unknown/missing]
Harry Libbey	Republican	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1887	48th 49th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
George E. Bowden	Republican	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891	50th 51st	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
John W. Lawson	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
David Gardiner Tyler	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1897	53rd 54th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
William A. Young	Democratic	March 4, 1897 – April 26, 1898	55th	Election invalidated
Richard A. Wise	Republican	April 26, 1898 – March 3, 1899	55th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
William A. Young	Democratic	March 4, 1899 – March 12, 1900	56th	Election invalidated
Richard A. Wise	Republican	March 12, 1900 – December 21, 1900	56th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		December 21, 1900 – March 3, 1901	56th
Harry L. Maynard	Democratic	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1911	57th 58th 59th 60th 61st	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Edward E. Holland	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921	62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Joseph T. Deal	Democratic	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1929	67th 68th 69th 70th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Menalcus Lankford	Republican	March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1933	71st 72nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
District eliminated March 4, 1933
District recreated January 3, 1935
Colgate Darden	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1937	74th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.
Norman R. Hamilton	Democratic	January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939	75th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.
Colgate Darden	Democratic	January 3, 1939 – March 1, 1941	76th 77th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned to run for Governor of Virginia.
Vacant		March 1, 1941 – April 8, 1941	77th
Winder R. Harris	Democratic	April 8, 1941 – September 15, 1944	77th 78th	Elected to finish Darden's term. Re-elected in 1942. Resigned.
Vacant		September 15, 1944 – November 7, 1944	78th
Ralph H. Daughton	Democratic	November 7, 1944 – January 3, 1947	78th 79th	Elected to finish Harris' term. Simultaneously elected to a full term in 1944. Lost renomination.
Porter Hardy Jr.	Democratic	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1969	80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th	Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Retired.
G. William Whitehurst	Republican	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1987	91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th	Elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired.
Owen B. Pickett	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2001	100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired.
Ed Schrock	Republican	January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2005	107th 108th	Elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Retired.
Thelma Drake	Republican	January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2009	109th 110th	Elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Lost re-election.
Glenn Nye	Democratic	January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011	111th	Elected in 2008. Lost re-election.
Scott Rigell	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017	112th 113th 114th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired.
Scott Taylor	Republican	January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019	115th	Elected in 2016. Lost re-election.
Elaine Luria	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – Present	116th 117th	Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020.

Election results

1980s

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1980
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	G. William Whitehurst (Incumbent)	97,319	89.84%
	Independent	Kenneth P. Morrison	11,003	10.16%
	Write-in		6	0.01%
Total votes			108,328	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1982
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	G. William Whitehurst (Incumbent)	78,108	99.88%
	Write-in		97	0.12%
Total votes			78,205	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1984
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	G. William Whitehurst (Incumbent)	136,632	99.81%
	Write-in		256	0.19%
Total votes			136,888	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1986
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett	54,491	49.46%
	Republican	A. Joe Canada Jr.	46,137	41.88%
	Independent	Stephen P. Shao	9,492	8.62%
	Write-in		49	0.04%
Total votes			110,169	100%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1988
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	106,666	60.53%
	Republican	Jerry R. Curry	62,564	35.51%
	Independent	Stephen P. Shao	4,255	2.41%
	Independent	Robert A. Smith	2,691	1.53%
	Write-in		32	0.02%
Total votes			176,208	100%
	Democratic hold

1990s

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1990
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	55,179	74.95%
	Independent	Harry G. Broskie	15,915	21.62%
	Write-in		2,524	3.43%
Total votes			73,618	100%
	Democratic hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1992
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	99,253	56.03%
	Republican	J. L. Chapman IV	77,797	43.92%
	Write-in		83	0.05%
Total votes			177,133	100%
	Democratic hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1994
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	81,372	59.05%
	Republican	J. L. Chapman IV	56,375	40.91%
	Write-in		55	0.04%
Total votes			137,802	100%
	Democratic hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1996
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	106,215	64.77%
	Republican	John F. Tate	57,586	35.11%
	Write-in		195	0.12%
Total votes			163,996	100%
	Democratic hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 1998
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Owen B. Pickett (Incumbent)	67,975	94.29%
	Write-in		4,116	5.71%
Total votes			72,091	100%
	Democratic hold

2000s

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2000
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Edward L. Schrock	97,856	51.96%
	Democratic	Jody M. Wagner	90,328	47.96%
	Write-in		145	0.08%
Total votes			188,329	100%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Edward L. Schrock (Incumbent)	103,807	83.15%
	Green	D. C. Amarasinghe	20,589	16.49%
	Write-in		450	0.36%
Total votes			124,846	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Thelma D. Drake	132,946	55.08%
	Democratic	David B. Ashe	108,180	44.82%
	Write-in		254	0.11%
Total votes			241,380	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Thelma D. Drake (Incumbent)	88,777	51.27%
	Democratic	Phil Kellam	83,901	48.45%
	Write-in		481	0.28%
Total votes			173,159	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Glenn Nye	141,857	52.40%
	Republican	Thelma D. Drake (Incumbent)	128,486	47.46%
	Write-in		368	0.14%
Total votes			270,711	100%
	Democratic gain from Republican

2010s

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	E. Scott Rigell	88,340	53.12%
	Democratic	Glenn Nye (Incumbent)	70,591	42.45%
	Independent	Kenny E. Golden	7,194	4.33%
	Write-in		164	0.10%
Total votes			166,289	100%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2012
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	E. Scott Rigell (Incumbent)	166,231	53.76%
	Democratic	Paul O. Hirschbiel, Jr.	142,548	46.10%
	Write-in		443	0.14%
Total votes			309,222	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2014 [29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	E. Scott Rigell (Incumbent)	101,558	58.68%
	Democratic	Suzanne Patrick	71,178	41.13%
	Write-in		324	0.19%
Total votes			173,060	100%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2016 [30]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Scott Taylor	190,475	61.33%
	Democratic	Shaun D. Brown	119,440	38.46%
		Write-in	652	0.21%
Total votes			310,567	100.00%
	Republican hold

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2018 [31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Elaine Luria	139,571	51.05%
	Republican	Scott Taylor (Incumbent)	133,458	48.81%
		Write-in	371	0.14%
Total votes			273,400	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

2020s

Virginia's 2nd congressional district election, 2020 [32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Elaine Luria (Incumbent)	185,733	51.55%
	Republican	Scott Taylor	165,031	45.81%
	Independent	David Foster	9,170	2.55%
		Write-in	343	0.10%
Total votes			360,277	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Historical district boundaries

2003–2013

References

Geography, US Census Bureau. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov.
Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
"My Congressional District".
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
"Court Ordered Redistricting". Redistricting.dls.virginia.gov. September 3, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
http://redistricting.dls.virginia.gov/2010/Data/Court%20Ordered%20Redistricting/2016%2001%2007%20Personnhuballah%20v%20Alcorn%20Civil%20Action%20No.%203-13cv678.pdf
"Supreme Court weighs legality of Virginia redistricting". The Hill. March 21, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Todd Ruger (February 1, 2016). "Supreme Court Allows Virginia Redistricting to Stand in 2016". Roll Call. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Andrew Cain (January 7, 2016). "Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts &". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
"November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENT of the United States". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"November 7th - General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 20, 2000. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"Official Results: Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"Official Results: Senate". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"November 2nd - General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"November 2005 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
"November 2006 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
"November 2008 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
"November 2009 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
"November 2009 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
"November 2012 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
"Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
"Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
"Attorney General>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
"Turnout by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
"2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
"2017 Governor's Election Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
"2018 U.S. Senate Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"2016 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
"2018 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
"2020 November General Official Results". Virginia Department of Elections. November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links

Rep. Scott Taylor's official House of Representatives website

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Geography, US Census Bureau. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov.

[2] Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[3] "My Congressional District".

[Cook-4] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[5] "Court Ordered Redistricting". Redistricting.dls.virginia.gov. September 3, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[6] ttp://redistricting.dls.virginia.gov/2010/Data/Court%20Ordered%20Redistricting/2016%2001%2007%20Personnhuballah%20v%20Alcorn%20Civil%20Action%20No.%203-13cv678.pdf

[7] "Supreme Court weighs legality of Virginia redistricting". The Hill. March 21, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[8] Todd Ruger (February 1, 2016). "Supreme Court Allows Virginia Redistricting to Stand in 2016". Roll Call. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[9] Andrew Cain (January 7, 2016). "Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts &". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[1996_results-10] "November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENT of the United States". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[1997_results-11] "NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[2000_results-12] "November 7th - General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 20, 2000. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[2001_results-13] "Official Results: Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[14] "Official Results: Senate". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[15] "November 2nd - General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[2005_results-16] "November 2005 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.

[17] "November 2006 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.

[2008_results-18] "November 2008 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2012.

[19] "November 2009 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.

[2009_results-20] "November 2009 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.

[2012_results-21] "November 2012 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 6, 2013.

[VA_2013_Gov-22] "Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.

[VA_2013_Lt_Gov-23] "Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.

[VA_2013_Atty_Gen-24] "Attorney General>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.

[25] "Turnout by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved July 4, 2020.

[26] "2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved September 10, 2018.

[27] "2017 Governor's Election Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

[28] "2018 U.S. Senate Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

[29] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[30] "2016 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved November 24, 2016.

[31] "2018 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 7, 2018.

[32] "2020 November General Official Results". Virginia Department of Elections. November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.