Wakeham

Wakeham was established around a natural watercourse and various springs, which the Romans are likely to have developed. Among the archaeological finds of Wakeham are Roman stone sarcophagi, and Iron Age underground chambers. The original settlement was situated within the small valley at the south of the hamlet, and this land later became part of the grounds of Pennsylvania Castle.[5] In 789 AD, the first recorded Viking attack within British Isles, including Ireland, occurred on Portland's coast. It is believed that Church Ope Cove was the location, and at the time would have shown Wakeham above it.[6][7] The exposed location was later defended by the Norman 12th-century Rufus Castle.[8] Wakeham was home to Portland's first parish church, St Andrews Church, which was probably first established above the cove by the Saxons, and rebuilt in the 12th century.[9] The church was later replaced in the 18th century by the new parish church St George's.[10] During the construction of the new church, between 1754 and 1766, a temporary place of worship was established within Wakeham.[11]

Between 1797 and 1800, John Penn, Governor of Portland and grandson of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, had the Gothic revival mansion Pennsylvania Castle built on a platform above the cove, and at the bottom of Wakeham.[12] In order to expand his land, he had Southwell Road diverted, and purchased a number of cottages at the bottom of Wakeham.[13] From the 1840s onwards, Portland saw a large increase within its population, due to the construction of Portland Harbour's Breakwaters.[14] With the need for housing, and the expansion of Portland's villages, Wakeham became part of Easton village.[15] After the First World War, a number of inland quarries were opened around Wakeham area. Opposite Portland Museum at the bottom of Wakeham, a small quarry was opened to provide stone for the Whitehall Cenotaph.[16] The museum was opened in 1930, after Marie Stopes donated two houses for a museum.[17] Today Wakeham remains part of Easton, and is largely residential.

Unlike the majority of Portland's villages, Wakeham has little commercial business in the area.[18] Accommodation in Wakeham village is a leading business and includes The Alessandria Hotel, the self-contained holiday let Church Ope Studio,[19] and the bed and breakfast Leam Guest House.[20] The Cove Holiday Park is found on the outskirt of Wakeham.[21] The Mermaid Inn, now closed, was once open in the area.[22] In 2010, work was successful in turning the pub into a house.[23]

Part of Portland Museum and the entrance leading to Church Ope Cove area

Wakeham has a wide array of architecture and buildings, a number of which are Grade Listed.

Tudor Cottage (167 Wakeham), 203 Wakeham, along with its attached outbuilding, 209 and 211 Wakeham, 99 Wakeham, 95 Wakeham, 205 and 207 Wakeham, 97 Wakeham, 213 Wakeham, 65 Wakeham, 106 Wakeham, Woodbine Cottage (112 Wakeham), 6 Wakeham, 127 Wakeham, 137 and 139 Wakeham, 129 and 131 Wakeham, 116 Wakeham, 114 Wakeham, 118 Wakeham, 215 Wakeham, 79 Wakeham, and 81 Wakeham are all Grade II Listed.[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] A dovecote, approximately 5 metres west-south-west of 106 Wakeham, is also Grade II Listed.[45]

Portland Museum is located within Wakeham and close to Church Ope Cove.[46] The museum is housed in two former cottages, one titled Avice's Cottage, and both of which became Grade II Listed in January 1951. With both retaining thatched roofs, the cottages act as a reminder of the type of cottage that once appeared all across the island. Avice's Cottage was an inspiration within the novel The Well-Beloved, written by Thomas Hardy, as the home of three generations of "Avice's" – the novel's heroines.[47]