Which Side Are You On?

In 1931, the miners and the mine owners in southeastern Kentucky were locked in a bitter and violent struggle called the Harlan County War. In an attempt to intimidate the family of union leader Sam Reece, Sheriff J. H. Blair and his men, hired by the mining company, illegally entered their home in search of Reece. Reece had been warned in advance and escaped but his wife, Florence, and their children were terrorized. That night, after the men had gone, Florence wrote the lyrics to "Which Side Are You On?" on a calendar that hung in their kitchen. She took the melody from a traditional Baptist hymn, "Lay the Lily Low", or the traditional ballad "Jack Munro".[1]

Reece supported a second wave of miner strikes circa 1973, as recounted in the documentary Harlan County USA. She and others performed "Which Side Are You On?" a number of times throughout. Reece recorded the song later in life, and it can be heard on the album Coal Mining Women.

Pete Seeger, collecting labor union songs, learned "Which Side Are You On" in 1940. The following year, it was recorded by the Almanac Singers in a version that gained a wide audience. More recently, Billy Bragg, Dropkick Murphys, Rebel Diaz, Natalie Merchant, Ani DiFranco, Tom Morello, and Panopticon each recorded their own interpretations of the song.

The song is referred to by Bob Dylan in the song "Desolation Row". It was also the inspiration for the title of Alessandro Portelli's 2011 book on Harlan County's coal mining community.[2]

• The Almanac Singers – Talking Union, in 1941.
• Pete Seeger – "Greatest Hits", in 1967.
• Spirituál kvintet – Za svou pravdou stát (Stand Behind Your Truth), translation to Czech language, in "Dostavník 18", 1983
• Billy Bragg – Between the Wars, in 1985.[3]
• Dick Gaughan – True and Bold, in 1985.
• Bob Bovee - Rebel Voices, in 1988.
• Deacon Blue – Riches & More, in 1997.
• Ella Jenkins – Ella Jenkins and a Union of Friends Pulling Together, in 1999.
• Blue Highway – Still Climbing Mountains, in 2001.
• Dropkick Murphys – Sing Loud, Sing Proud!, in 2001, and, subsequently Live on St. Patrick's Day from Boston, MA, in 2002.
• Anne Feeney – Union Maid, in 2003.
• Peter, Paul and Mary – 2003
• Natalie Merchant – The House Carpenter's Daughter, in 2003.
• Silas House – Songs for the Mountaintop, in 2006, and Public Outcry, in 2008.
• The Nightwatchman – "Union Town", in 2011.
• Ani DiFranco – ¿Which Side Are You On?, in 2012.
• Panopticon – "Kentucky", in 2012.
• Talib Kweli – "Indie 500", in 2015.
• The Trigger Code - "Black Mountain White Lake Vol. 1", in 2019
• S.G. Goodman - "Which Side Are You On?", in 2020.

• Rebel Diaz made a remix of the song
• Billy Bragg – Back to Basics, in 1987, albeit with different lyrics altogether. This referred to the British miners' strike of 1984–85.
• Frederic Rzewski
• Christian Wolff in String Quartet Exercises Out of Songs (1974)
• B. Dolan – sampled the Almanac Singers in his 2012 version on the album House of Bees Vol. 2
• Hugh Blumenfeld has been performing a medley of "Which Side Are You On?", updated with modernized lyrics, and This Land is Your Land.[4]
• In response to the fatal shooting of Michael Brown protesters briefly interrupted a performance of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra with the Requiem for Mike Brown, which began as "Which Side Are You On?"[5]
• Talib Kweli in "Which Side Are You On" (feat. Tef Poe & Kendra Ross), sampled with the "Requiem for Mike Brown".
• Arlo Guthrie recorded "Which Side Are You On" on Outlasting the Blues in 1979. The chorus and melody were similar, but the verses had more of a Biblical / Gospel meaning.
• Civil Rights Movement activists redacted their own version.[6]
• Elvis Costello & Joan Baez On Another Day Another Time, Celebrating The Music of 'Inside Llewyn Davis'
• Sarah Lee Guthrie, daughter of Arlo Guthrie and granddaughter of Woody Guthrie, performed a version of the song with new lyrics at a Bernie Sanders rally in 2020.[7]
• The words and melody of the refrain were the basis of the song, "Sag mir wo du stehst," one of the most well-known songs of the GDR's song movement of the late 1960s. It was recorded by Oktoberklub.

• "History of American Protest Music: Which Side Are You On?" from Longreads