Tom Morello

Thomas Baptist Morello (born May 30, 1964) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor, and political activist. He is best known for his tenure with the rock band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave. Between 2016 and 2019, Morello was a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage. Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band.[3] He is also known for his acoustic solo act, the Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello also co-founded Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles.

Tom Morello
Morello performing as The Nightwatchman in May 2006
Background information
Birth nameThomas Baptist Morello
Also known asThe Nightwatchman
Born (1964-05-30) May 30, 1964
New York City, U.S.
OriginLibertyville, Illinois, U.S.
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Musician
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • actor
  • political activist
Instruments
  • Guitar
  • vocals
Years active1979–present
Labels
Associated acts

Born in Harlem, New York, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school. He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies. After his previous band Lock Up disbanded, Morello met Zack de la Rocha. The two founded Rage Against the Machine together, going on to become one of the most popular and influential rock acts of the 1990s.

He is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style, which incorporates feedback noise, unconventional picking, and tapping, as well as heavy use of guitar effects. Morello is also known for his socialist political views and activism; creating the Nightwatchman offered an outlet for his views while playing apolitical music with Audioslave. He was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[4]

Early life

Morello was born on May 30, 1964, in Harlem, New York, to Ngethe Njoroge and Mary Morello. Morello, an only child, is the son of an American mother of Italian and Irish descent and a Kikuyu Kenyan father. His mother was a schoolteacher from Marseilles, Illinois, who earned a Master of Arts at Loyola University, Chicago and traveled to Germany, Spain, Japan, and Kenya as an English language teacher between 1977 and 1983.[5]

His father, Ngethe Njoroge, participated in the Mau Mau Uprising (1952–1960) and was Kenya's first ambassador to the United Nations.[6] Morello's paternal great-uncle, Jomo Kenyatta, was the first elected president of Kenya.[6] His aunt, Jemimah Gecaga, was the first woman to serve in the legislature of Kenya; and his uncle Njoroge Mungai was a Kenyan Cabinet Minister, Member of Parliament, and was considered one of the founding fathers of modern Kenya. His parents met in August 1963 while attending a pro-democracy protest in Nairobi, Kenya.[7] After discovering her pregnancy, Mary returned to the United States with Njoroge in November and married in New York City.[8]

When Morello was 16 months old, Njoroge returned to his native Kenya and denied his paternity of his son.[7][9] Morello was raised by his mother in Libertyville, Illinois and attended Libertyville High School, where his mother was a U.S. history teacher. She was the homeroom teacher for Morello's classmate and fellow guitarist Adam Jones, later of the band Tool. Morello sang in the school choir and was active in speech and drama club; a prominent role was Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Morello developed left-leaning political proclivities early, and has described himself as having been "the only anarchist in a conservative high school", and has since identified as a nonsectarian socialist. In the 1980 mock elections at Libertyville, he campaigned for a fictitious anarchist "candidate" named Hubie Maxwell, who came in fourth place in the election. He also wrote a piece headlined "South Africa: Racist Fascism That We Support" for the school alternative newspaper, The Student Pulse.

Morello graduated from high school with honors in June 1982 and enrolled at Harvard University as a political science student that autumn. Morello graduated in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in social studies.[10] He moved to Los Angeles, where he supported himself, first by working as a stripper.[11]

"When I graduated from Harvard and moved to Hollywood, I was unemployable. I was literally starving, so I had to work menial labor and, at one point, I even worked as an exotic dancer. 'Brick House' (by the Commodores) was my jam! I did bachelorette parties and I'd go down to my boxer shorts. Would I go further? All I can say is thank God it was in the time before YouTube! You could make decent money doing that job – people do what they have to do."[11]

Adam Jones, his high school classmate, moved to Los Angeles as well; Morello introduced Jones and Maynard James Keenan to Danny Carey, who would come to form the band Tool.[12] From 1987 to 1988, Morello worked in the office of United States Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA);[11] however, this proved to be a negative experience for Morello, who decided never to pursue a career in politics.

"I never had any real desire to work in politics but if there was any ember burning in me, it was extinguished working in that job because of two things: one of them was the fact that 80 per cent of the time I spent with the Senator, he was on the phone asking rich people for money. It just made me understand that the whole business was dirty. He had to compromise his entire being every day. The other was the time a woman phoned up to the office and wanted to complain that there were Mexicans moving into her neighborhood. I said to her, 'Ma'am, you're a damn racist', and she was indignant. I thought I was representing our cause well, but I got yelled at for a week by everyone for saying that! I thought to myself that if I'm in a job where I can't call a damn racist a damn racist, then it's not for me."[11]

Musical influences

At age 13, Morello joined his first band, a cover band called Nebula, as the lead singer; Nebula covered material by bands including Led Zeppelin, Steve Miller Band, and Bachman–Turner Overdrive.[13] At this same age, Morello purchased his first guitar. Around 1982, Morello first started studying the guitar seriously. He had formed a band in the same year called the Electric Sheep, featuring future Tool guitarist Adam Jones on bass.[6] He wrote original material for the band that included politically charged lyrics. He has said that he was profoundly influenced by Run-D.M.C, and Jam Master Jay in particular. This influence can be heard in songs like "Bulls on Parade" where his guitar solos mimic a DJ scratching. Additionally, the Bomb Squad and Public Enemy has had a large impact on his musical style.

At the time, Morello's musical tastes lay in the direction of hard rock and heavy metal, particularly Kiss and Iron Maiden. As he stated in Flight 666, he is a huge fan of Piece of Mind, Alice Cooper, Led Zeppelin, and Black Sabbath. He cited Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath as one of his biggest influences as a riff writer.[14] Morello developed his own unique sound through the electric guitar. Later, his musical style and politics were greatly influenced by punk rock bands like the Clash, the Sex Pistols, and Devo, and artists such as Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan.

Recording career

Rage Against the Machine (1991–2000; 2007–2011, 2019-present)
Main article: Rage Against the Machine

In 1991, Morello was looking to form a new band after Lock Up disbanded. Morello was impressed by Zack de la Rocha's freestyle rapping and asked him to join his band. He also drafted drummer Brad Wilk, who he knew from Lock Up, where Wilk unsuccessfully auditioned for a drumming spot. The band's lineup was completed when Zack convinced his childhood friend Tim Commerford to play bass. After frequenting the L.A. club circuit, Rage Against the Machine signed a record deal with Epic Records in 1992. That same year, the band released their self titled debut. They achieved a considerable amount of mainstream success and released three more studio albums.

In August 2000 in Los Angeles during the Democratic National Convention, Rage Against the Machine performed outside the Staples Center to a crowd numbering in the thousands while the Convention took place inside.[15] After several audience members began to throw rocks, the Los Angeles Police Department turned off the power and ordered the audience to disperse, firing rubber bullets and pepper spray into the crowd.[16]

Morello performing with Rage Against the Machine at the 2008 Reading Festival

In late 2000, amid disagreements on the band's direction and Commerford's stunt at the VMA's, the disgruntled de la Rocha quit the band. On September 13, 2000, Rage Against the Machine performed their last concert at the Grand Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. Although Rage Against the Machine officially disbanded in October 2000, their fourth studio album, Renegades, became a collection of cover songs from artists such as Bob Dylan, MC5, Bruce Springsteen and Cypress Hill. 2003 saw the release of their last album, titled Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium, an edited recording of the band's final two concerts on September 12 and 13, 2000 at the Grand Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. It was accompanied by an expanded DVD release of the last show and included a previously unreleased music video for "Bombtrack".

After disbanding, Morello, Wilk, and Commerford went on to form Audioslave with then-former Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell and released three albums and a DVD from the band's concert in Cuba. De la Rocha started working on a solo album collaboration with DJ Shadow, Company Flow, and the Roots' Questlove, but the project was dropped in favor of working with Nine Inch Nails' Trent Reznor. Recording was completed, but the album will probably never be released.[17] So far, only two tracks have been released: "We Want It All" was featured on "Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11", and "Digging For Windows" was released as a single.

Reunion
Main article: Rage Against the Machine reunion tour

On April 29, 2007, Rage Against the Machine reunited at the Coachella Music Festival. The band played in front of an EZLN backdrop to the largest crowds of the festival. The performance was initially thought to be a one-off, but this turned out not to be the case. The band played seven more shows in the United States in 2007 (including their first non-festival concert in seven years at the Alpine Valley Music Theater in East Troy, Wisconsin), and in January 2008, they played their first shows outside the US since re-forming as part of the Big Day Out Festival in Australia and New Zealand. In August 2008 they headlined nights at the Reading and Leeds festivals.[18][19]

The band has since continued to tour around the world, headlining many large festivals in Europe and the United States, including Lollapalooza in Chicago. In 2008 the band also played shows in Denver, Colorado and Minneapolis, Minnesota to coincide with the Democratic National Convention and Republican National Convention, respectively. In July 2011, Rage Against the Machine played at L.A. Rising, a concert formed by the band in Los Angeles, in which they headlined and played with other artists including Muse and Rise Against.

On November 1, 2019, it was reported that Rage Against the Machine were reuniting for their first shows in nine years in the spring of 2020, including two appearances at that year's Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.[20][21][22] The summer 2020 planned tour was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Audioslave (2001–2007, 2017)
Main article: Audioslave
Morello with Audioslave at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 2005.

After de la Rocha left Rage Against the Machine, the remaining bandmates began collaborating with former Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell at the suggestion of producer Rick Rubin. The new group was first rumored to be called the Civilian Project, but the name Audioslave was confirmed before their first album was released.

The band released their eponymous debut album on November 19, 2002. It was a critical and commercial success, attaining triple-platinum status.

The band released their second album, Out of Exile, on May 24, 2005. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts and attained platinum status. In the same year, they released a DVD documenting their trip as the first American rock band to play a free show in Cuba. The band's third album, Revelations, was released in the fall of 2006. As of February 15, 2007, Audioslave have broken up as a result of frontman Cornell's departure due to "irresolvable personality conflicts". The band reunited with Zack de la Rocha and resumed their previous band, Rage Against the Machine.

Audioslave reunited for only one show in January 2017, and there were talks about a reunion tour. However, Chris Cornell's death on May 18, 2017 eliminated such possibility.

The Nightwatchman (2003–present)
Main article: The Nightwatchman

Morello writes and performs folk music under the alias the Nightwatchman. He has explained:

"The Nightwatchman is my political folk alter ego. I've been writing these songs and playing them at open mic nights with friends for some time. This is the first time I've toured with it. When I play open mic nights, it's announced as The Nightwatchman. There will be kids there who are fans of my electric guitar playing, and you see them there scratching their heads. But it's something that I enjoy doing. I look at it more as an extension of my politics. Then again, some of the songs are not explicitly political. It really helped me grow as an artist and songwriter. Once you prick the vein you never know what is going to come out. You could aim for all union songs and you find yourself in other territory."

In November 2003 the Nightwatchman joined artists Billy Bragg, Lester Chambers of the Chambers Brothers, Steve Earle, Jill Sobule, Boots Riley of the Coup and Mike Mills of R.E.M. on the Tell Us the Truth Tour. The thirteen-city tour was supported by unions, environmental and media reform groups including Common Cause, Free Press and A.F.L.-C.I.O. with the ultimate goal of "informing music fans, and exposing and challenging the failures of the major media outlets in the United States."[23] Morello explained:

"Media consolidation needs smashing and globalization needs unmasking. When presidents and politicians lie, it is the job of the press to expose those lies. When the press fails, the gangstas come out from hiding. The lie becomes the law. The point of the Tell Us the Truth Tour is to help others make connections, and to show them that activism can change the policies of this country."[24]

One of his many songs, "No One Left", which compares the aftermath of September 11 to that of a U.S. attack on Iraq, appears on the album Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11.

The Nightwatchman also appeared on the album/DVD Axis Of Justice: Concert Series Volume 1, contributing the songs "Until the End", "The Road I Must Travel", and "Union Song".

Morello, as the Nightwatchman, released his debut solo album, One Man Revolution, on April 24, 2007.

The Nightwatchman joined the Dave Matthews Band for its short European tour in May 2007. As well as opening for the Dave Matthews Band, he was invited to guest on a couple of songs each night. The last night of this Morello/DMB arrangement was May 30, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, on Morello's birthday.

The Nightwatchman is currently supporting Ben Harper on tour. During this tour, Morello has been joining Harper onstage for a cover of Bob Dylan's "Masters of War", on which he plays the electric guitar in the style for which he's best known.

Morello has presided over a Hotel Café residency in L.A. since November 2007, which has featured many of his musical cohorts, including Serj Tankian, Perry Farrell, Jon Foreman of Switchfoot, Shooter Jennings, Nuno Bettencourt, Sen Dog of Cypress Hill, Jill Sobule, Boots Riley, Alexi Murdoch, Wayne Kramer of MC5 and others.

On October 10, 2008, the Nightwatchman appeared on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson as a musical guest, promoting his new album The Fabled City.

On December 17, 2011, Morello performed a live set for "Guitar Center Sessions" on DirecTV. The episode included an interview with program host, Nic Harcourt.[25]

On February 2, 2019, Morello made a guest appearance at the Foo Fighters pre-Super Bowl 53 concert in Atlanta, along with Zac Brown, for a cover of Black Sabbath's “War Pigs”.[26]

Morello, as the Night Watchman, contributed a version of "Blind Willie McTell" on the "Chimes Of Freedom: The Songs Of Bob Dylan Honoring 50 Years Of Amnesty International" tribute album released in 2012.

Street Sweeper Social Club (2006–present)
Main article: Street Sweeper Social Club

Following Audioslave's breakup in 2007, Morello met up with Boots Riley of the Coup, suggesting that they start a band which Morello had named Street Sweeper. After giving Riley a tape of various songs to write to, the two created the duo Street Sweeper Social Club.

Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009.

Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band (2008–2015)
Main article: Bruce Springsteen

In April 2008, Morello made two guest appearances with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band at the Honda Center in Anaheim. They performed an extended electric version, featuring guitar solos, of "The Ghost of Tom Joad" (which had previously been covered by Rage Against the Machine on Renegades). One of these performance was included on Springsteen's Magic Tour Highlights EP as an audio track or video download.

On October 29, 2009, Morello performed at the 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concert at Madison Square Garden. He performed "The Ghost of Tom Joad", "London Calling", "Badlands", and "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher" with Springsteen and the E Street Band.

Morello appears on two songs on Springsteen's 2012 album Wrecking Ball. He joined Springsteen, the E Street Band, and the Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon to preview the album prior to its release. On December 4, 2012, Morello again joined Springsteen and the E Street Band for five songs during a concert in Anaheim.[27]

On January 17, 2013, it was announced that Morello would temporarily join Springsteen and the E Street Band on the March 2013 Australian leg of their Wrecking Ball Tour, filling in for longtime E Street Band guitarist Steve Van Zandt, who had scheduling conflicts filming the TV series Lilyhammer in Norway. During the tour, Morello joined the band in the studio to record new music.[28]

The material Morello recorded with Springsteen appeared on Springsteen's 18th studio album, High Hopes, which was released in January 2014. Morello appears on eight of the album's 11 tracks and shares lead vocals with Springsteen on a re-recording of "The Ghost of Tom Joad". It was Morello who originally suggested that Springsteen perform the title track during a concert for the first time in March 2013. Springsteen had previously recorded the song in 1995, and the 2013 performance led to its re-recording, which subsequently developed into the album of the same name. Springsteen heavily credits Morello as being a major inspiration for the album by saying he was "my muse" and "he pushed the rest of this project to another level". Morello subsequently appeared alongside Springsteen and the E Street Band during a January 2014 appearance on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and then on the ensuing High Hopes Tour which came to an end in May 2014. With Springsteen taking the remainder of the year off from touring, it is unknown if Morello will be involved in the touring lineup when Springsteen decides to tour again.[29] Springsteen announced on December 4, 2015 that his upcoming The River Tour 2016 would be downsizing the touring lineup and would not include Morello.

Morello made a surprise appearance during Springsteen and the E Street Band's The River Tour 2016 show on August 25, 2016, at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, where he joined them on "Death to My Hometown", "American Skin (41 Shots)", "The Ghost of Tom Joad" and "Badlands".

Prophets of Rage (2016–present)

Prophets of Rage formed in 2016. The supergroup consists of Morello, Rage Against the Machine's bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, and drummer Brad Wilk, with Public Enemy's Chuck D and DJ Lord and Cypress Hill's B-Real.[30][31] Morello declared to Rolling Stone: "We're an elite task force of revolutionary musicians determined to confront this mountain of election year bullshit, and confront it head-on with Marshall stacks blazing."[30]

The band's name derives from the title of the Public Enemy song "Prophets of Rage" from their 1988 album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back. To coincide with their protest performance at the Republican National Convention, the band released their debut single, entitled "Prophets of Rage". The group released the EP, "The Party's Over" in 2016, and the LP "Prophets of Rage" in 2017. The band began touring the United States during the summer of 2016 and continued to tour through 2018.

The Atlas Underground (2018)

On July 26, Morello announced a new solo album titled The Atlas Underground featuring collaborations with Marcus Mumford, Portugal. The Man, Bassnectar, the Wu-Tang Clan's RZA and GZA, Vic Mensa, K.Flay, Big Boi, Gary Clark Jr., Pretty Lights, Killer Mike, Tim McIlrath, Steve Aoki and Whethan. The first songs released from the album are "We Don't Need You" featuring Vic Mensa and "Battle Sirens" featuring Knife Party. The Atlas Underground was released on October 12, 2018.[32]

Other side projects (1992–present)

In 1992, Morello collaborated with American rap group Run-DMC on the song "Big Willie", which later appeared on their 1993 album, Down with the King.

Morello and RATM bandmate Brad Wilk joined with Maynard James Keenan of Tool and Billy Gould of Faith No More to record the song "Calling Dr. Love" for the 1994 Kiss tribute album Kiss My Ass. The lineup was billed as Shandi's Addiction.

Morello played lead guitar and produced on three tracks of Primus' 1999 studio album Antipop. Morello played the guitar on The Faculty soundtrack, featured with Class of '99 for their cover of Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall (pt. 2)".

Morello recorded guitars along with country legend Johnny Cash during his late career with American Recordings, which was released on Unearthed.[33]

Morello was the executive producer of Anti-Flag's 2003 studio album "The Terror State."[34]

Morello played a short solo on the Benny Mason band song "Exodus IV".[35]

As the Nightwatchman, Morello has often performed alongside Boots Riley, frontman of the Coup; also, he produced and performed on a track for the Coup's 2006 release Pick a Bigger Weapon. In July 2006, it was reported that Morello and Riley were to collaborate on a project called Street Sweepers (see section above).[36]

Morello appears in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock as a "guitar boss" (the first of 3 in the career mode of the game) in a night club. Beating him in a one-on-one battle (playing an original composition he recorded for the game) will unlock him as a playable character and will result in the player and Morello playing the master track of "Bulls on Parade" as an encore immediately following the battle.[37] Morello's original composition features many of his trademark guitar effects like those heard in songs such as Audioslave's "Cochise" and "Doesn't Remind Me" and Rage Against the Machine's "Bulls on Parade" and "Sleep Now in the Fire".

In April 2006, Morello produced two tracks for the group Outernational;[38] on the band's website, it states that Morello will be producing their debut album.[39]

In 2007, Morello was a featured guitarist in the Mortal Kombat: Armageddon official soundtrack, playing guitar for the Armory stage's battle music.[40]

On February 23, 2010, Cypress Hill released the second single, "Rise Up", from their album Rise Up featuring Morello on guitar. He is also featured on the track "Shut 'Em Down" from the same album, unlike "Rise Up", which is very similar in style to Morello's rap metal band Rage Against the Machine, it contains strong Latin and punk influences.

On November 2, 2010, Travis Barker and Morello released a song alongside RZA & Raekwon called "Carry It". It would later appear on Travis's debut solo album Give the Drummer Some. Like "Rise Up", it is very similar in style to Morello's previous band Rage Against the Machine.

He is collaborating with David Rovics' latest album.[41]

Morello was featured in the song "Opinion" in the eponymous debut album by Device, which was released in April 2013.

Morello is featured on Linkin Park's album The Hunting Party on the song "Drawbar," released on June 17, 2014.

Morello plays the guitar solo of the song "Without End" on Anti-Flag's studio album American Spring released on May 26, 2015.

In March 2016, Morello appeared with Knife Party and Pendulum as a guest at Ultra Music Festival Miami 2016. Songs played featuring Morello's guitar work included "Battle Sirens" from his upcoming album The Atlas Underground and a mashup of the two co-headliners entitled "Pendulum VS Knife Party - Tarantula VS Bonfire."[42]

Tom, along with Michael Moore and others involved in the film industry, is also a board member of the Traverse City Film Festival, an annual event that takes place at the end of July, in Traverse City, Michigan.

On February 24, 2019, Morello appeared as a presenter on the Oscars, an L.A. based awards program for those involved in the motion picture industry.

Appearances in films

Morello has appeared as himself in an array of documentary films; such as Sounds Like a Revolution, Iron Maiden: Flight 666, about heavy metal band Iron Maiden's Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, and in Chevolution, an exposé about the famous Guerrillero Heroico photo of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara. In addition, Morello was cast as uncredited as a Son'a officer in Star Trek: Insurrection and later did a cameo in the Star Trek: Voyager episode Good Shepherd,[43] and appeared in the film Made.[44]

Morello was featured in the 2012 documentary film Let Fury Have the Hour by writer and director Antonino D'Ambrosio, where Morello talks about world citizenship, creative activism and his support for workers' rights.

Writing

In 2011, it was announced that Morello would write a new 12-issue comic book series for Dark Horse Comics, entitled Orchid. The series is a post-apocalyptic story in which the title character is "a teenage prostitute who learns that she is more than the role society has imposed upon her." The first issue was published in October 2011, and Morello released an exclusive new song to accompany each issue. Orchid is illustrated by Canadian artist Scott Hepburn.[45] The series was collected into three trade paperback volumes released in 2012 and 2013.[46][47][48]

The release party sponsored by Dark Horse was held at Jetpack Comics in Rochester, New Hampshire on October 12, 2011.[49]

Morello contributed a written introduction to the 2016 edition of The Big Red Songbook, a compendium of wobbly protest music.[50]

Guitar playing technique

Morello is famed for his guitar style, which consists of heavy metal/punk hybrid riffs and hip hop-inspired sounds. A 1993 Melody Maker live review of a Rage Against The Machine gig, said "Guitarist Tom Morello wears his guitar high up to wring every sound out of it. Falling bombs, police sirens, scratching - he can do them all."[51]

To produce his guitar sounds, Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (set flat and just used to boost the volume during guitar solos or particular rocking moments), and an Ibanez DFL Flanger. Around the time of The Battle of Los Angeles he added a Boss TR-2 Tremolo pedal (which can be heard on "Guerrilla Radio"). For Audioslave, Morello replaced the Ibanez Flanger with an MXR Phase 90. His amplifier of choice has always been a 50-watt Marshall JCM 800 2205 and a Peavey 4x12 cabinet. While the Marshall amplifier has two channels, he only uses the overdrive channel, and simply lowers the volume on his guitar to get cleaner sounds.

In the studio, Morello uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks. For The Battle of Los Angeles, he also used a few other amplifiers, such as a Line 6 as heard on the clean, spacey intro of "Mic Check", plus a Pignose mini-amplifier and a MusicMan "Twin" style amplifier.[52] During the recording of Audioslave's last album, Revelations, Morello experimented with different amplifier setups. For the title track's solo he split his signal to his standard Marshall 2205 head and Peavey cabinet and a 100 watt Fender Bassman head and an Orange cabinet. With delay sent to one while the other is unaffected the sound is being "ping-ponged" between the two amplifiers. He also borrowed a Vox AC30 amplifier from producer Brendan O'Brien for some tracks.[53]

Morello's unique technique and talent led to him being voted the fifth greatest guitarist of the past 30 years in a 2010 BBC poll.[54]

Politics

Activism

Morello, with fellow members of Rage Against the Machine, protested the "Parental Advisory" sticker on explicit albums and singles on the part of the Parents Music Resource Center, spearheaded by Tipper Gore. The protest consisted of the band refusing to perform at Lollapalooza 1993. They took the stage naked, mouths covered in duct tape, and bodies painted with the organization's abbreviation, PMRC.[55] Instead of performing, the band allowed their instruments to feedback for 14 minutes.

Morello is a member of the labor union the Industrial Workers of the World.[56]

Morello playing Occupy Wall Street in New York, October 2011

On August 27, 2008, Morello performed in Denver, Colorado at the Open the Debates rally in opposition to the Commission on Presidential Debates exclusion of third party candidates from the nationally televised debates. He performed "This Land is Your Land" as the Nightwatchman and endorsed independent presidential candidate Ralph Nader. Sean Penn, Jello Biafra, Brooke Smith and Cindy Sheehan were also part of the rally.[57]

In October 2009, Morello, among a number of musicians, sued the U.S. government for the declassification of all documents relating to the use of music in interrogations at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. He stated, "Guantanamo is known around the world as one of the places where human beings have been tortured - from waterboarding to stripping, hooding and forcing detainees into humiliating sexual acts - playing music for 72 hours in a row at volumes just below that to shatter the eardrums. Guantanamo may be Dick Cheney's idea of America, but it's not mine. The fact that music I helped create was used in crimes against humanity sickens me."[58][59]

On February 21, 2011, Morello organized and performed an acoustic concert in support of the protests over collective bargaining rights in Madison, WI. The concert also featured the MC5's Wayne Kramer and Boston punk band Street Dogs. He wrote an article in Rolling Stone about his experience.[60]

Recently, Morello has played at many Occupy movements, including Occupy Wall Street as well as Occupy Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Seattle, Vancouver, British Columbia, Nottingham and Newcastle, England protests.[61]

When Republican nominee for vice president in the 2012 election Paul Ryan said that he liked the music of[62] Beethoven, Rage Against the Machine and Led Zeppelin,[63][64] Morello responded with an op-ed in Rolling Stone stating that, "Paul Ryan's love for Rage Against The Machine is amusing, because he is the embodiment of the machine that our music has been raging against for two decades."[65][66][67]

In June 2013, Morello and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.[68][69]

On September 26, 2014, Morello played a benefit concert for 15 Now, the group launched by Socialist Alternative and Kshama Sawant to raise the minimum wage to $15/hour.[70] The concert was aimed at expanding the organization nationally.[71]

Axis of Justice
Main article: Axis of Justice

Morello and Serj Tankian of System of a Down are the co-founders of Axis of Justice, a political group whose declared purpose is "to bring together musicians, fans of music, and grassroots political organizations to fight for social justice together." They "aim to build a bridge between fans of music around the world and local political organizations to effectively organize around issues of peace, human rights, and economic justice."[72] The group has worked for such causes as immigrant rights and death-penalty abolition. Its recommended book list includes such authors as Karl Marx, Che Guevara, George Orwell, Noam Chomsky, Mumia Abu-Jamal and Grant Morrison.[73]

Morello and Tankian, together with a handful of other artists, including Maynard James Keenan, Wayne Kramer of the MC5, the hip hop group Jurassic 5, and Michael "Flea" Balzary of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, released a live recording of covers and original songs, titled The Axis of Justice Concert Series Volume 1.

On April 6, 2006, Morello was honored with the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award for his support of worker's rights and for his AOJ work.[74] Morello has worked on numerous labor campaigns: the Guess sweatshop boycott, the LA janitors strike, the Taco Bell boycott, the southern California grocery workers strike and lockout, and others.

Morello was a strong supporter of the 2006 United States immigration reform protests around the US. Morello played as the Nightwatchman at MacArthur Park in Los Angeles and has featured many articles on AOJ.[12] On September 28, 2006, Morello was one of 400 protesters arrested protesting in support of immigrant hotel workers' rights, in what organizers called "the largest act of civil disobedience in the history of Los Angeles".[75] Morello knew he was going to be arrested; he wore bright yellow signs, and gave the LAPD his driver's license number a few days before the march. Morello told MTV:

"In these political dark ages, it's important for us to stand up for one another. These hotel workers by the airport make 20% less wages than the hotel workers around the rest of Los Angeles. We are here to express our solidarity with them, to help them unionize and help them close the gap between their sub-poverty wages and the millions and millions of dollars the people who own these hotels make."

Shining Path

Controversially, Morello has on occasion expressed endorsement of the militant Peruvian communist organisation Shining Path. For example, he carries a sticker of the organisation on one of his guitars and in at least one interview he defends the group by deflecting reports on alleged atrocities.[76]

"If there were instances in which the Shining Path committed atrocities, we're absolutely opposed to that. That is something to be condemned. But would (critics of Rage's stance) be as vehement about the U.S. bombing Belgrade, the Sudan and Afghanistan? It's shocking that people can rationalize one sort of violence but not another."

Personal life

Morello and his wife Denise[77] have two sons, Rhoads (born 2007) and Roman (born April 2011).[78] He also has an older daughter. Morello is a vegetarian.[79]

Equipment

Guitars

Morello uses heavily modified guitars from various manufacturers. As of recent, Fender has released a replica of his “Soul Power” Stratocaster.

  • Mongrel Custom "Arm The Homeless" - Morello's most famous guitar, and his main guitar for standard tuning since 1986. The original guitar was made for Morello by Performance Guitar USA to his exact specifications. It featured a Stratocaster body with a Performance Corsair neck, two Seymour Duncan JB pickups, and a chrome original Floyd Rose tremolo. The guitar was a custom build, however, when he got the guitar he hated everything about it and completely reassembled it. Since then just about everything has been changed countless times and the only thing that remains from the original guitar is the body. According to Morello, he settled on the final version of the guitar around the year 1990 and the guitar's build has remained unmodified ever since. The body is finished in light blue with the words "Arm The Homeless" written on it in black and red. It has a 3-way pickup selector toggle switch mounted on the lower horn, two volume knobs and one tone knob, four hippos painted on the front, one large hippo painted upside down on the back, and a hammer and sickle symbol sticker. The neck is a graphite Kramer knock-off of unknown make with a 22 fret rosewood fretboard and a "banana" or "hockey stick" headstock. The guitar also has Gotoh Crownhead tuners, an EMG 85/EMG H pickup set and an Ibanez Edge double-locking Tremolo. The guitar is tuned to standard E. This guitar is available in the video game Guitar Hero 3: Legends of Rock.
  • Fender Stratocaster "Soul Power" - A Fender Aerodyne Stratocaster made initially as a Factory Special Run for Guitar Center. Morello found it on the rack and really liked the look of it. It has a black finished body with white binding and a color-matched headstock. It also has a mirror pickguard, Ibanez Edge double-locking Tremolo, a 2-way on/off toggle switch wired as a kill switch on the lower horn, a Seymour Duncan Hotrails pickup in the bridge, and two Fender Noiseless pickups in the middle and neck positions. It has the words "Soul Power" on the top of the body in silver paint and is his main guitar in Audioslave for songs that are in standard E tuning. Much of the guitar is original to the manufacturer's specs, however, Tom did make a few key modifications. The guitar originally features three (3) Fender Noiseless single-coil pickups, but Tom replaced the bridge pickup with a Seymour Duncan Hot Rails Humbucker pickup. Tom also modified the electronics to add a killswitch which he placed under the neck pickup on the treble side horn of the Stratocaster.[80] In 2020, Fender released replicas of the guitar signed by Morello as part of their 2020 Artist Series collection.
  • Fender Telecaster, "Sendero Luminoso" - A stock black 1982 American-made Standard Telecaster. This is Morello's main guitar for use in drop-D in Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave, Street Sweeper Social Club, and Prophets of Rage. He got this guitar in a trade with his roommate, in which Morello traded a Marshall amplifier head for the Telecaster. The guitar has various pictures taped on its body and most notably has the words "Sendero Luminoso" named after the terrorist group of Peru, classified by the Peruvian government, the United States, the European Union, and Canada as a terrorist organization,[81][82][83] carved into the body and then painted in white and red. Also with a small red hammer and sickle communist party sticker.
  • Fender Telecaster 2. Black with white binding, mirror pickguard, Fender noiseless pickups, and toggle switch on the lower horn. Morello used this guitar when he played with "Fistful of Mercy" on Late Night with Conan O'Brien.
  • Ibanez Artstar Hollowbody (Custom) - Made especially for Morello by Ibanez, this guitar is based on an old Vox Ultrasonic. It contains several on-board effects (wah, echo, dist, treble/bass boost) and is painted in a red and black "split" design that runs over the whole guitar. Used live on the song "Guerrilla Radio" with Rage Against the Machine but rarely seen anywhere else until it was used in the video clip (and presumably on the studio recording) for Cypress Hill's "Rise Up".
  • St. George MP-3 "Creamy" - Morello bought this guitar at a Canadian pawn shop for $40 Canadian (about $30 American). It has been modified with a DiMarzio rail pickup in the bridge position. A toggle switch was also added that is dead in the middle position, resulting in a "hummingbird chirp" when toggled. Used as a Drop D tuning guitar for some songs on the RATM record Evil Empire. Used in Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave. Notably used for RATM songs "Calm Like a Bomb" and "Tire Me", the latter of which won the band their first Grammy. Morello stated in a 2012 video for Musician's Friend that he recorded "Tire Me" with the St. George and a 20-watt solid-state amp; he also said he's "not even sure it's made of wood" in the same video.
  • Ibanez Talman (Custom) - Has three single-coil "lipstick" pickups, an Ibanez Lo-Pro Edge tremolo, a killswitch and a custom Kenyan flag finish. Morello used this guitar on "Revolver", "How I Could Just Kill a Man", and "Pistol Grip Pump" for RATM and "Exploder" for Audioslave. The guitar has a faulty internal pickup that makes odd feedback noises, which Morello can adjust by adjusting the tone knob and using the guitar's tremolo. This technique can be heard at the beginning of RATM's "Revolver", Audioslave's "Exploder", and the live version of Street Sweeper Social Club's "Promenade". In addition to this effect, Morello also uses this guitar for Drop D tuning songs that require a killswitch. Morello also owns a second Talman in a white finish, with two mini-humbuckers.
  • Gibson EDS-1275 (Double Neck SG) - Cherry finish. Tuned to drop D on both necks. Used live on "The Ghost of Tom Joad" with RATM. Since 2017, with Prophets of Rage, Morello uses it again twice for "Rock Superstar" and on most live renditions of "How I Could Just Kill a Man".
  • Gibson "Budweiser" Les Paul - Given to him in 2006 by Brendan O'Brien for the recording of Audioslave's third album, Revelations, used throughout the whole record. Originally bearing an orange Budweiser logo that Morello hated and burned off with a lighter. He liked the new appearance and modified the guitar with DiMarzio pickups.
  • Gibson Les Paul Standard - Orange burst finish. Tuned to drop B for use in Audioslave and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello also owns two other Les Pauls, one in a Tobacco burst finish used with Street Sweeper Social Club (it can be seen in the video for "100 Little Curses") and another in a Cherry Red finish (which he calls his "Taco Bell Les Paul"), tuned to drop D and used with Audioslave for Soundgarden covers.
  • James Trussart Steelcaster - A Telecaster style guitar with a body made in steel, finished with a red star graphic over a holey front. Has Seymour Duncan pickups (Alnico pro II in the neck and a Hot rails in bridge) and a killswitch on the lower horn. Seen occasionally on the Rage Against the Machine reunion tour and most recently on the High Hopes tour with Bruce Springsteen. Morello also owns one with a polished finish that was used on early tours.
  • Ibanez custom guitar "Arm The Homeless duplicate"- Morello's backup guitar for "Arm The Homeless". It has all the same specs as Arm The Homeless (light blue finish, Edge trem, toggle switch on the bottom horn, EMG pickups) but has several small hippos instead of the four larger ones seen on the original guitar. This guitar can be seen briefly in the "Sleep Now in the Fire" music video and is often used live with Prophets of Rage on a few standard tuning songs like Know Your Enemy.
  • Ovation Breadwinner - Tuned to standard E, used for "Ashes in the Fall" for RATM. Also used with a Music Man amplifier and Tone Bender pedal to capture the Korean radio station audio heard at the end of "Sleep Now in the Fire". Morello owns two other Breadwinners and confines them to the studio because he thinks they look ugly, although he did use one of them in the video for Travis Barker's "Carry It", which he is featured in, and in the video for Prophets of Rage's "Living on the 110".
  • Music Man St Vincent - Given to him by bandmate Tim Commerford as a gift in 2018.
  • "Whatever It Takes" guitar - A custom Ibanez Galvador classical acoustic guitar he uses during concerts as the Nightwatchman. Plain body with 'Whatever It Takes' and a star (★) written to the left of the bridge.
  • "Black Spartacus" guitar - A black Gibson J-45 steel string acoustic guitar Morello uses for The Nightwatchman, used prominently on the World Wide Rebel Songs album. Has Morello's own symbol on the left of the bridge which combines the Kenyan, Italian and American flags along with the hammer and sickle symbols and "Black Spartacus" in white on the top of the guitar. Morello says he wrote the song "Black Spartacus Heart Attack Machine" as a love song for this new guitar, which appears in the music video for this song.
  • Tanglewood Acoustic Guitar.
  • Gibson Explorer II - In a gold finish with gold hardware. This was Morello's main guitar in college, although he claims he ruined its sound by installing a Kahler Tremolo System. According to Tom, this was the guitar we acquired in the early 1980s when he felt he needed to upgrade his guitar from the Kay K-20T.
  • Kay K-20T - Morello's first electric guitar. He bought it for US$50 while his mother bought him an amplifier. It has an SG style body and is finished in cherry red. As of 2012, the guitar is still in Morello's possession and he refers to it as "a good, old friend".[84]

Effects and amplifiers

Morello's amplifier and effects setup has remained practically the same throughout his career in Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave, Street Sweeper Social Club and Prophets of Rage.

A photo of Morello's Audioslave era pedal board; on the far left is a Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus
Current Pedalboard

Although unconfirmed, it is believed that Morello runs all of his pedals through the effects loop on his Marshall.

  • Boss TU-3 Chromatic Tuner
  • DigiTech Whammy WH-1
  • Dunlop Cry Baby Classic GCB-95F
  • Boss DD-3 Digital Delay (most recently seen with two DD-3s: one for a dedicated long delay setting for solos, and the other to go between a short, "slapback" setting and an eighth note "ping-pong" long setting)
  • DOD FX40b Equalizer (Set flat across as a clean volume boost for guitar solos)
  • MXR Phase 90 M-101 (Replaced Morello's Ibanez Flanger around the time Audioslave was formed, now only used for the intro of Killing in the Name)
  • Digitech XP-300 "Space Station" (Digitech created this pedal – which imitates a lot of Morello's sounds – after the initial success of Rage Against the Machine. 2019 "Rig Rundown" with Premier Guitar that he only uses a couple of the Space Station's settings)[85]
Past Effects
Amplification
  • Marshall JCM800 2205 50-watt head (with the Marshall logo blocked out to avoid endorsement proposals)
  • Peavey VTM 4x12 Cabinet (fitted with four Celestion G12K-85 speakers)

Morello said in his "Rig Rundown" that after his gear was stolen one Valentine's Day years ago, he bought the Marshall head and the Peavey cabinet because he had a session the next weekend and had to "get what [the music store] had." He also removed the Peavey logo from the front of the cabinet because at the time, Hollywood musicians "couldn't be seen with Peavey."[85]

Selected discography
For a more comprehensive list, see Tom Morello discography.

Lock Up

Rage Against the Machine

Audioslave

The Nightwatchman

Street Sweeper Social Club

Bruce Springsteen

Prophets of Rage

Solo

Filmography

References
  1. Prato, Greg. "Tom Morello biography". AllMusic. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  2. Harvilla, Rob (May 30, 2019). "Tom Morello, the Last Rap-Rock God Standing". The Ringer. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. "Exclusive: Tom Morello on Touring and Recording with Bruce Springsteen". Ultimate Classic Rock.
  4. Browne, David; Doyle, Patrick; Fricke, David; Hermes, Will; Hiatt, Brian; Light, Alan; Tannenbaum, Rob; Wolk, Douglas (November 23, 2011). "100 Greatest Guitarists". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  5. "The Mary Morello and Cindy Sheehan Show". Axis of Justice. August 6, 2007. episode 6. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  6. Devenish, Colin (2001). Rage Against the Machine. St. Martin's Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-312-27326-6.
  7. Tom Morello:One Man Revolt by The Huffington Post, July 21, 2009
  8. November 2006, Malcolm Dome01. "My Life Story: Tom Morello". Metal Hammer Magazine. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  9. Holthouse, David (September 26, 1996). "Bottled Anger Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello pours forth the vitriol". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  10. "Tom Morello: From Harvard to Hollywood". YouTube. June 16, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  11. Harper, Kate (November 3, 2009). "Tom Morello Used To Be A Stripper". Chartattack.com. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  12. "TOM MORELLO ON PARENTING: INTERVIEW WITH GUITAR HERO". ELAINE SIR. November 4, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  13. Loudwire (October 17, 2018). "Tom Morello - Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?". YouTube. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  14. Jon Wiederhorn, Katherine Turman, Louder Than Hell: The Definitive Oral History of Metal, HarperCollins, 2013
  15. Asch, Andrew (August 15, 2000). "Rage Wage Battle of Los Angeles at DNC". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  16. "Thousands take to the streets outside Democratic convention". CNN. August 15, 2000. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  17. "Reznor Says Collabos With De La Rocha, Keenan May Never Surface". MTV News. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
  18. Shedden, Iain (January 21, 2008). "Silverchair in an even bigger day out". The Australian. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  19. "BDO revellers get ready for heat". Television New Zealand. January 18, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  20. Baltin, Steve (November 1, 2019). "Confirmed: Rage Against The Machine To Reunite In 2020, Headline Coachella". Forbes. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  21. Hartmann, Graham (November 1, 2019). "Rage Against the Machine Announce 2020 Reunion". Loudwire. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  22. Brooks, Dave (November 1, 2019). "Rage Against the Machine to Reunite for 2020 Coachella". Billboard. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  23. Portner, Matt; Heller, Sarah. "Tell Us the Truth Tour". The Boston Underground. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved December 14, 2007.
  24. Nichols, John. "Tell Us The Truth!". The Nation. Retrieved December 14, 2007.
  25. Guitar Center Sessions with host Nic Harcourt Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  26. Kreps, Daniel (February 3, 2019). "See Foo Fighters Perform Black Sabbath Classic With Zac Brown, Tom Morello". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  27. Wener, Ben. "Bruce Springsteen turns in an epic in Anaheim". The OC Register. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  28. "Tom Morello to Join Bruce Springsteen on Tour". Rolling Stone.
  29. "Bruce on 'High Hopes'". Brucespringsteen.net.
  30. Greene, Andy (May 31, 2016). "Prophets of Rage: Inside New RATM, Public Enemy, Cypress Hill Supergroup". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  31. Johnson, Ted (June 3, 2016). "Prophets of Rage Plan to 'Cause a Ruckus' at Republican Convention, Tom Morello Says". Variety. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  32. Schatz, Lake. "Tom Morello announces new solo album, The Atlas Underground, featuring Killer Mike, Portugal. The Man, and more". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
  33. "Johnny Cash Unearthed CD". Cduniverse.com. November 25, 2003. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  34. "Anti-Flag The Terror State". Discogs.com.,
  35. "Benny Mason Band op Myspace Music – Gratis gestreamde MP3's, foto's en Videoclips". Myspace.com. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  36. "TheNewsTribune.com". Blogs.thenewstribune.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  37. "Grammy Award-Winning Guitarist Tom Morello to Appear in Guitar Hero(TM) III: Legends of Rock". Activision. September 6, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
  38. Tom Morello Thinks Outernational Could Be The Next Rage Against The Machine, Gil Kaufman, MTV News Online, May 26, 2006.
  39. "Outernational's website". Outernational.net.
  40. "Mortal Kombat Armageddon - The Armory". YouTube. November 25, 2010.
  41. "Update 12: The last tracking session and other news... · UNINDICTED CO-CONSPIRATOR -- a recording project". Kickstarter.com.
  42. "Pendulum / Knife Party Headline Set Ultra, 2016". YouTube. March 23, 2016.
  43. "That Time Tom Morello Appeared in 'Star Trek'". UltimateGuitar.com. May 25, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  44. "Made" – via www.imdb.com.
  45. Orchid solicitation page at Dark Horse website.
  46. "Orchid Volume 1 TPB :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". Darkhorse.com. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  47. "Orchid Volume 2 TPB :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". Darkhorse.com. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  48. "Orchid Volume 3 TPB :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". Darkhorse.com. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  49. "Updated - Winner Announced: Win A Release Party For Tom Morello's Orchid! :: Blog :: Dark Horse Comics". Darkhorse.com. October 12, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  50. Green, Archie; Roediger, David; Rosemount, Franklin; Salerno, Salvatore, eds. (2016). The Big Red Songbook. Oakland, CA: PM Press. ISBN 978-1-62963-129-5.
  51. Melody Maker - May 29, 1993 issue
  52. Tom Morello Radical Shriek. musicfanclubs.org.
  53. "Tom Morello: Science Friction". Guitar World. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  54. "Chilis star is modern guitar hero". BBC News. April 9, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  55. Fletcher, Dan (March 18, 2010). "Top 10 Music-Festival Moments". Time Magazine. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  56. "Tom Morello: "We need songs for right now" - Workers & Labor". Axisoflogic.com.
  57. "Sean Penn, Val Kilmer, Tom Morello, Cindy Sheehan at Nader/Gonzalez Super Rally in Denver -- Ralph Nader for President in 2008". Votenader.org. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  58. "US bands blast use of music in Guantanamo interrogations". October 22, 2009. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009.
  59. Alan Connor (December 18, 2009). "What is anti-X Factor song Killing In The Name all about?". BBC. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
  60. Tom Morello (February 25, 2011). "Frostbite and Freedom: Tom Morello on the Battle of Madison | Rolling Stone Politics". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  61. "How Music Is Playing an Integral Role in the Occupy Wall Street Protests". The Hollywood Reporter. November 13, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  62. Rucker, Philip; Balz, Dan (August 10, 2012). "Romney picks Paul Ryan as running mate". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  63. Briquelet, Kate. "Paul Ryan worked his way up the political ladder following tough childhood (August 12, 2012). New York Post. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  64. Gill, Martha. Paul Ryan hunts catfish with his bare hands (August 12, 2012). New Statesman. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  65. Morello, Tom (August 16, 2012). "Paul Ryan Is the Embodiment of the Machine Our Music Rages Against". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  66. August Brown, Tom Morello rips Rage Against the Machine fan Paul Ryan Los Angeles Times (August 17, 2012).
  67. Natalie Jennings, Tom Morello rages against Paul Ryan (August 17, 2012). Washington Post.
  68. "Celeb video: 'I am Bradley Manning'". Politico.com.
  69. "I am Bradley Manning (full HD)". YouTube. June 18, 2013.
  70. "Kshama Sawant's Speech at $15 Minimum Wage Vote". YouTube. June 3, 2014.
  71. "Buy tickets for Tom Morello from Rage Against The Machine at El Corazon from Etix". Archived from the original on August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  72. Mission. Axis of Justice.
  73. Books. Axis of Justice.
  74. "2006 Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Awards Celebration". americanrightsatwork.org. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
  75. Moss, Corey with Chris Harris Tom Morello Arrested At Protest, Spends Night In Lockup. MTV.com, September 2006
  76. "Rage Against The Machine Fights the Power -- and Storms the Pop Charts". CHICAGOTRIBUNE.
  77. Eells, Josh (October 13, 2011). "Tom Morello Rages On". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  78. Jovanovic, Marko (August 24, 2017). "Tom Morello: I Named My First-Born Son Rhoads Morello in Honor of Randy Rhoads". Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  79. Dolm, JJ. "Did You Know These Heavy Metal Rockers Were Powered by Plants?". One Green Planet. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  80. Tom Morello Guitars and Gear - Guitar Lobby
  81. US Department of State, April 30, 2007. "Terrorist Organizations". Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  82. "Council Common Position 2005/936/CFSP" (PDF). March 14, 2005. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  83. "Listed Entities". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on November 19, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  84. Norris, Jon. "Double Cutaway Electric with 2 Humbuckers". Kayguitar.com.
  85. February 13, Chris Kies; 2019. "Rig Rundown: Tom Morello". www.premierguitar.com.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.