White House (Moscow)

The White House (Russian: Белый дом, tr. Bely dom, IPA: [ˈbʲɛlɨj ˈdom]; officially: The House of the Government of the Russian Federation, Russian: Дом Правительства Российской Федерации, tr. Dom pravitelstva Rossiiskoi Federatsii), also known as the Russian White House, is a government building in Moscow. It stands on the Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. The building serves as the primary office of the government of Russia and is the official workplace of the Russian Prime Minister.

For other uses, see White House (disambiguation).

The House of the Government of the Russian Federation
Дом Правительства Российской Федерации
The building in May 2018
General information
TypeParliament
Town or cityMoscow
CountryRussia
Construction started1965
Completed1981
Design and construction
ArchitectDmitry Chechulin, Pavel Shteller
Original design of the White House (before being damaged in the events of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis)

History

Soviet Union

The architects Dmitry Chechulin and Pavel Shteller designed the White House – originally called The House of Soviets. The overall design follows Chechulin's 1934 draft of the Aeroflot building. Construction started in 1965 and ended in 1981.

Following the completion of the building in 1981, the Supreme Soviet of Russia, which had until then held its sessions in the Grand Kremlin Palace, used the White House. The Supreme Soviet of Russia remained in the building until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, as well as during the first years of the Russian Federation. In 1991 the Soviet Union issued a 50-kopeck stamp depicting the White House and honoring resistance to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.

Russian Federation

After the end of the Soviet Union, the White House continued to serve as the seat of the Russian parliament.

1993 Russian constitutional crisis
Main article: 1993 Russian constitutional crisis

By sunrise on 4 October 1993, the Russian Army encircled the parliament building, and a few hours later army tanks began to shell the White House. The White House stood damaged for some time after the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and the black burns from tank shelling became famous, so much so that it became traditional to photograph newly-weds in front of its damaged façade.

The reformed parliament, known thereafter by its Tsarist-era title of the State Duma, was elected in 1994 and moved to another building on Moscow's Okhotny Ryad (street). As of 2016 the renovated White House houses the Russian government. An inscription at the base of the tower reads, "House of the Government of the Russian Federation".

Architecture

During the construction of the White House, Dmitry Chechulin used elements of his unrealized 1934 design for the headquarters of state airline Aeroflot. The original idea was developed in honor of the rescue, by Soviet pilots, of the passengers of the sunken steamship SS Chelyuskin. The construction was supposed to have simplified forms. The stylobate of the building was similar in size to the ship, it was supplemented with numerous sculptural compositions. The main entrance emphasized the portico, which resembled a triumphal arch. It was assumed that the building would form a new look of the Belorussky railway station square. But the structure did not correspond to the site in size and configuration, so it was never built.[1][2][3]

References
  1. Галина Тараканова (2014). Красная стройплощадка. Аргументы и Факты. ISBN 9785457730786. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  2. "Белый дом на Красной Пресне". Московская правда. 2016-01-21. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  3. "Проект здания Центрального дома "Аэрофлота"". Культура.РФ. 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-08.

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