Withania

Withania
	Withania somnifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Solanales
Family:	Solanaceae
Subfamily:	Solanoideae
Tribe:	Physaleae
Genus:	Withania; Pauquy, 1825
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Alicabon Raf.; Archiphysalis Kuang; Manoelia Bowdich; Opsago Raf.; Physaliastrum Makino; Physaloides Moench; Puneeria Stocks

Withania is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, with 23 species that are native to parts of North Africa, western Asia, south Asia, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Canary Islands.[1][2]

Two of the species, W. somnifera (ashwagandha) and W. coagulans (ashutosh booti), are economically significant, and are cultivated in several regions for their medicinal uses.[1]

Etymology

Although the author gave no explanation of the name,[3] but the common name of Withania coagulans, is thought to be after a great saint Ashutosh. Withania is thought to have been named in honour of Henry Witham, a British geologist and writer on fossil botany beginning in 1830.[4]

Selected species

Withania adpressa Cors.
Withania adunensis Vierh.
Withania begoniifolia (Roxb.) Hunz. & Barboza
Withania chevalieri A.E.Goncalves
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal — Ashutosh booti, Indian rennet, panirband, vegetable rennet
Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy
Withania japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Hunz.
Withania qaraitica A.G.Mill. & Biagi
Withania reichenbachii Bitter
Withania riebeckii Schweinf.
Withania sphaerocarpa Hepper & Boulos
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal — ashwaganda, Indian ginseng, winter cherry[5][6][7]

References

Mirjalili, M. H.; Moyano, E.; Bonfill, M.; Cusido, R. M.; Palazón, J. (2009). "Steroidal Lactones from Withania somnifera, an Ancient Plant for Novel Medicine". Molecules. 14 (7): 2373–2393. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.967. doi:10.3390/molecules14072373. PMC 6255378. PMID 19633611.
"Withania somnifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2015-02-03.
Pauquy, Charles-Louis-Constant. 1825. De la belladone, considérée sous ses rapports botanique, chimique, pharmaceutique, pharmacologique et thérapeutique, etc.
"Withania". Electronic Flora of South Australia. Government of South Australia, Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
"Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal". Flora of Pakistan. eFlora.org.
"Withania coagulans". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 19 January 2018.
"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved February 3, 2015.

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[mirjalili-1] Mirjalili, M. H.; Moyano, E.; Bonfill, M.; Cusido, R. M.; Palazón, J. (2009). "Steroidal Lactones from Withania somnifera, an Ancient Plant for Novel Medicine". Molecules. 14 (7): 2373–2393. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.967. doi:10.3390/molecules14072373. PMC 6255378. PMID 19633611.

[GRIN-2] "Withania somnifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2015-02-03.

[3] Pauquy, Charles-Louis-Constant. 1825. De la belladone, considérée sous ses rapports botanique, chimique, pharmaceutique, pharmacologique et thérapeutique, etc.

[4] "Withania". Electronic Flora of South Australia. Government of South Australia, Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2011-03-23.

[5] "Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal". Flora of Pakistan. eFlora.org.

[6] "Withania coagulans". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 19 January 2018.

[7] "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved February 3, 2015.