Yreka, California

Yreka (/waɪˈriːkə/ wy-REE-kə) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, located near the Shasta River; the city covers an area of approximately 10 square miles (26 km2), most of which is land. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,765, reflecting an increase of 475 from the 7,290 counted in the 2000 Census. Yreka is home to the College of the Siskiyous, Klamath National Forest Interpretive Museum and the Siskiyou County Museum.

Not to be confused with Eureka, California.

Yreka, California
City
City of Yreka
Downtown Yreka in 2011
Location in Siskiyou County and the state of California
Yreka, California
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 41°43′36″N 122°38′15″W
Country United States
State California
County Siskiyou
IncorporatedApril 21, 1857[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager[2]
Area
 • Total10.06 sq mi (26.05 km2)
 • Land9.98 sq mi (25.86 km2)
 • Water0.07 sq mi (0.19 km2)  0.72%
Elevation2,589 ft (789 m)
Population
 • Total7,765
 • Estimate 
(2019)[6]
7,518
 • Density752.93/sq mi (290.70/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP code
96097
Area code530
FIPS code06-86944
GNIS feature ID1652661[4]
Websiteci.yreka.ca.us

History

In March 1851, Abraham Thompson, a mule train packer, discovered gold near Rocky Gulch while traveling along the Siskiyou Trail from southern Oregon. By April 1851, two thousand miners had arrived in "Thompson's Dry Diggings" to test their luck, and by June 1851, a gold rush "boomtown" of tents, shanties, and a few rough cabins had sprung up. Several name changes occurred until the little city was called Yreka. The name comes from the Shasta language wáik'a, for which Mount Shasta is named.[7] The word means "north mountain" or "white mountain".[8][9]

Mark Twain tells a different story:

Harte had arrived in California in the [eighteen-]fifties, twenty-three or twenty-four years old, and had wandered up into the surface diggings of the camp at Yreka, a place which had acquired its mysterious name – when in its first days it much needed a name – through an accident. There was a bakeshop with a canvas sign which had not yet been put up but had been painted and stretched to dry in such a way that the word BAKERY, all but the B, showed through and was reversed. A stranger read it wrong end first, YREKA, and supposed that that was the name of the camp. The campers were satisfied with it and adopted it.[10]

Poet Joaquin Miller described Yreka during 1853–1854 as a bustling place with "a tide of people up and down and across other streets, as strong as if a city on the East Coast".[11] Incorporation proceedings were completed on April 21, 1857.[11]

Lynchings

There have been two documented lynchings in the town of Yreka. The first took place on August 26, 1895, when four men – William Null, Garland Stemler, Luis Moreno, and Lawrence Johnson – awaiting trial for various charges of murder and robbery,[12] were simultaneously hanged by a lynch mob from a railroad tie suspended from two adjacent trees.[13][14]

The second lynching occurred about 40 years later on July 28, 1935. Clyde Johnson and Robert Miller Barr robbed a local business and its patrons in Castella, California.[15] The pair then stole a car from a patron and drove north to Dunsmuir, California, where they planned to abandon the automobile and make a getaway by train. Soon after they abandoned the car north of Dunsmuir, the pair was stopped by California Highway Patrolman George "Molly" Malone and Dunsmuir titular Chief of Police, 38-year-old Frank R. "Jack" Daw. Johnson pulled out a Luger pistol and wounded both policemen. Malone recovered, but Daw died the next day.[16] Clyde Johnson was caught a few hours later by a dragnet and was taken into custody. Barr, who was holding the $35 that they got from the robbery, panicked during the shootout and ran off into the woods, then escaped on a freight train. Jack Daw was a beloved figure in Dunsmuir. His title of Chief of Police was honorary, given to him because of his cool head and experience as a World War I veteran. The night of Daw's funeral a dozen cars from Dunsmuir, carrying approximately 50 masked men, drove north to Yreka to lynch Johnson. On August 3, 1935 at 1:30 am, the vigilante mob reached the Yreka jail and lightly knocked on the door. Deputy Marin Lange, the only guard on duty at the jail, opened the door slightly and was quickly overtaken. He was driven nine miles east of Yreka where he was released, barefoot. The mob proceeded to search the jail, found Johnson, drove him away in one of the cars and hanged him from a pine tree.[17][18] Barr was arrested over a year later, on September 4, 1936, in Los Angeles on a burglary charge.[19] During his time on the lam, he got a part as an extra in the Nelson Eddy/Jeanette MacDonald film, Rose Marie, scenes of which were filmed near Lake Tahoe. He is credited in the film under his real name.[20]

Geography
The Yreka Phlox (Phlox hirsuta) is the city's official flower.

Yreka is located at approximately 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level in the Shasta Valley, south of the Siskiyou Mountains and north of Mount Shasta, a 14,000 ft (4,300 m) dormant volcano which towers over the valley.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.1 sq mi (26 km2), of which 10.0 square miles (26 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.72%) is water.

Natural history

The official city flower of Yreka is the Yreka phlox (Phlox hirsuta).[21]

The only known specimen of Calochortus monanthus, the single-flowered mariposa lily, was collected near Yreka along the banks of the Shasta River, by botanist Edward Lee Greene, in June 1876.[22]

Nearby settlements

Nearby places include:[23]

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Yreka qualifies as having a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), but almost qualifies as having a warm-summer Mediterrean climate (Csb). The area features hot, dry summers and cool winters with regular snowfall.

Climate data for Yreka, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 66
(19)		 74
(23)		 81
(27)		 96
(36)		 103
(39)		 109
(43)		 112
(44)		 110
(43)		 107
(42)		 95
(35)		 87
(31)		 66
(19)		 112
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.0
(14.4)		 64.1
(17.8)		 71.6
(22.0)		 82.0
(27.8)		 92.0
(33.3)		 97.2
(36.2)		 102.9
(39.4)		 102.0
(38.9)		 96.3
(35.7)		 85.9
(29.9)		 69.0
(20.6)		 57.1
(13.9)		 104.3
(40.2)
Average high °F (°C) 45.9
(7.7)		 51.4
(10.8)		 58.0
(14.4)		 63.8
(17.7)		 73.2
(22.9)		 81.8
(27.7)		 91.8
(33.2)		 91.2
(32.9)		 83.1
(28.4)		 70.0
(21.1)		 52.8
(11.6)		 44.7
(7.1)		 67.3
(19.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 35.4
(1.9)		 39.0
(3.9)		 44.0
(6.7)		 48.9
(9.4)		 56.7
(13.7)		 63.9
(17.7)		 71.8
(22.1)		 70.8
(21.6)		 63.5
(17.5)		 52.7
(11.5)		 40.8
(4.9)		 34.6
(1.4)		 51.8
(11.0)
Average low °F (°C) 24.9
(−3.9)		 26.5
(−3.1)		 29.9
(−1.2)		 33.9
(1.1)		 40.1
(4.5)		 45.9
(7.7)		 51.7
(10.9)		 50.4
(10.2)		 43.8
(6.6)		 35.3
(1.8)		 28.8
(−1.8)		 24.4
(−4.2)		 36.3
(2.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 14.0
(−10.0)		 16.7
(−8.5)		 20.4
(−6.4)		 23.0
(−5.0)		 28.1
(−2.2)		 34.8
(1.6)		 41.6
(5.3)		 41.7
(5.4)		 34.1
(1.2)		 25.4
(−3.7)		 18.9
(−7.3)		 12.4
(−10.9)		 9.7
(−12.4)
Record low °F (°C) −11
(−24)		 −11
(−24)		 0
(−18)		 17
(−8)		 20
(−7)		 26
(−3)		 34
(1)		 33
(1)		 20
(−7)		 7
(−14)		 1
(−17)		 −11
(−24)		 −11
(−24)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.09
(78)		 2.07
(53)		 1.63
(41)		 1.27
(32)		 1.31
(33)		 0.97
(25)		 0.55
(14)		 0.36
(9.1)		 0.54
(14)		 1.11
(28)		 2.92
(74)		 3.97
(101)		 19.79
(503)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.7
(9.4)		 2.6
(6.6)		 0.9
(2.3)		 0.2
(0.51)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.1
(0.25)		 1.3
(3.3)		 3.7
(9.4)		 12.4
(31)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.2 9.7 10.3 8.7 7.6 4.6 3.0 2.5 2.7 5.3 11.4 12.7 91.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 2.0 1.2 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 1.8 6.7
Source: NOAA[24]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18601,327—
18701,063−19.9%
18801,059−0.4%
18901,1003.9%
19001,25414.0%
19101,134−9.6%
19201,27712.6%
19302,12666.5%
19402,48516.9%
19503,22729.9%
19604,75947.5%
19705,39413.3%
19805,9169.7%
19906,94817.4%
20007,2904.9%
20107,7656.5%
2019 (est.)7,518[6]−3.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[25]

2010

The 2010 United States Census[26] reported that Yreka had a population of 7,765. The population density was 772.5 people per square mile (298.2/km2). The racial makeup of Yreka was 6,495 (83.6%) White, 57 (0.7%) African American, 491 (6.3%) Native American, 94 (1.2%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 168 (2.2%) from other races, and 451 (5.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 753 persons (9.7%).

The Census reported that 7,718 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 33 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 14 (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,394 households, out of which 983 (29.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,338 (39.4%) were married couples, 471 (13.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 160 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 269 (7.9%) unmarried couples, and 17 (0.5%) gay couples. 1,202 households (35.4%) were made up of individuals, and 636 (18.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 1,969 families (58.0% of all households); the average family size was 2.92.

The population was spread out, with 1,871 people (24.1%) under the age of 18, 678 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 1,603 people (20.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,119 people (27.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,494 people (19.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

There were 3,675 housing units at an average density of 365.6 per square mile (141.2/km2), of which 1,751 (51.6%) were owner-occupied, and 1,643 (48.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 3,895 people (50.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,823 people (49.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census[27] of 2000, there were 7,290 people, 3,114 households, and 1,880 families residing in the city. The population density was 730.8 per square mile (282.0/km2). There were 3,303 housing units at an average density of 331.1 per square mile (127.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.6% White, 0.5% African American, 6.0% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.7% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.4% of the population.

There were 3,114 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,398, and the median income for a family was $37,448. Males had a median income of $31,632 versus $23,986 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,664. About 17.5% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
West Miner Street-Third Street District
West Miner Street in Yreka
Built1854–1900
NRHP reference No.72000258[29]
CHISL No.901[28]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 11, 1972
Designated CHISL1976
Yreka's Carnegie Library, designed by W. H. Weeks, is currently used as the city's police department.[30]

Tourists visit Yreka because it is located at the northern edge of the Shasta Cascade area of northern California. The core of the historic downtown, along West Miner Street, is listed as an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as a California Historical Landmark. Yreka is home to the Siskiyou County Museum,[31] and to a number of Gold Rush-era monuments and parks. Visitors also come to enjoy trout fishing in the nearby Klamath,[32] Sacramento[33][34] and McCloud[32][33] Rivers, or come to see and climb Mount Shasta, Castle Crags or the Trinity Alps. Visitors also ski (both alpine and cross-country), or bike or hike to the waterfalls, streams and lakes in the area, including nearby Falls of the McCloud River, Burney Falls, Mossbrae Falls, Lake Siskiyou, Castle Lake and Shasta Lake.

The town hosts Gold Rush Days every year in June.

In addition, because it is the county seat of Siskiyou County, a number of businesses related to the County courts, County Recorder, and other official county functions are located in the city. Butte Valley National Grassland is located in northern Siskiyou County, near the Oregon border but is administered from Yreka offices.[35][36]

Government

In the state legislature Yreka is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Dahle,[37] and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Megan Dahle.[38]

Federally, Yreka is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.[39]

Education

Yreka is home to a branch campus of the College of the Siskiyous[40] which hosts the Rural Health Science Institute[41] and Administration of Justice programs. The College is one of 10 California Community Colleges to offer on campus lodging.[42] High school buses carry students from towns that would not otherwise be able to fund a secondary education.

In Yreka, the gold-mining era is commemorated with a gold museum, as well as with a remnant of a silver mining operation in Greenhorn Park. The Yreka Union High School District sports mascot is a gold miner. School colors are red and gold. Yreka High School was the first high school in the county, founded in 1894. It currently has eleven feeder districts which serve the approximately 1,200 square miles (3,100 km2) county area.[43]

The Yreka elementary school district is composed of Evergreen Elementary as well as the Jackson Street Middle School.

Media

The city and county are served by a daily newspaper, the Siskiyou Daily News, as well as 13 FM and one AM station. Yreka Community Television Channel 4 (commonly known as YCTV 4) is a small public-educational-and-government-access cable TV run by the city of Yreka.[44]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Interstate 5 is the primary north-south route through Yreka, connecting Redding and Sacramento to the south, and the Oregon border to the north. Interstate 5 through the city follows the former path of the Siskiyou Trail, which stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley.[45]

California State Route 3 runs east to Montague, and west to Fort Jones and Weaverville. California State Route 263 serves as a business loop of Interstate 5 through the northern part of the city.

General aviation uses the Montague Airport in Montague, 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east.

Notable people

Palindromes

"Yreka Bakery" is a palindrome. The loss of the "B" in a bakery sign read from the reverse is mentioned as a possible source of the name Yreka in Mark Twain's autobiography.[10][62] The original Yreka Bakery was founded in 1856 by baker Frederick Deng.[63] The palindrome was recognized early on: "spell Yreka Bakery backwards and you will know where to get a good loaf of bread" is quoted as an ad in the Yreka Semi-Weekly Journal May 23, 1863 and states that twelve loaves sold for $1.[63] The Yreka Bakery moved eventually to its long-time location, 322 West Miner Street, where it remained under several ownerships until it closed in 1965 on retirement of the baker "Martin", and clerk Alta Hudson. Another Yreka Bakery reopened in a different location in 1974,[63] but is no longer in business.[64] Author Martin Gardner mentioned that Yreka Bakery was in business on West Miner Street in Yreka,[65]:246 but it was pointed out by readers "the Yreka Bakery no longer existed. In 1970 the original premises were occupied by the art store Yrella Gallery, also a palindrome".[65]:251 The historic building, the Brown-Nickell-Authenrieth Building, 322–324 West Miner Street, currently houses a restaurant.[66]

See also

References
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  2. "City Council". City of Yreka, CA. Archived from the original on March 2, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  3. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
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  6. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  7. Bright, William (2004). Native American placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 582. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
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  10. Autobiography of Mark Twain. New York: Harper/Perennial Literary. 1990. p. 162.
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  12. "The corpse of Clyde Johnson. August 3, 1935. Yreka, California". Without Sanctuary lynching photos and history. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
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  15. David Kulczyk (August 1, 2007). California Justice: Shootouts, Lynchings and Assassinations in the Golden State. Word Dancer Press. ISBN 978-1-884995-54-5. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  16. Chief Frank R. Daw Dunsmuir Police Department, California Peace Officers Memorial Foundation, accessed July 16, 2013
  17. "California Mob Lynches Police Slayer", Omaha Bee-News, August 3, 1936, pp. 1–2.
  18. James Allen (2000). Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. Twin Palms. ISBN 978-0-944092-69-9. See also information on a photo of the lynching of Clyde Johnson on the book's website, Without Sanctuary.
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  63. Carey, Don (April–May 1983). "Yreka Bakery". Yreka Historic Preservation Corporation, Yreka Echoes. This article was quoting a column by editor Ed Foss in the Siskiyou Daily News, February 9, 1973
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