108 Stars of Destiny

The 108 Stars of Destiny are at the core of the plot of the Chinese classical novel Shui Hu Zhuan, which was written by Shi Nai'an in the 14th century and is commonly translated as Water Margin, Outlaws of the Marsh, or All Men Are Brothers. Suikoden, the Japanese translation of Shui Hu Zhuan, has been made into a series of role-playing video games. Based on the Taoist concept that each person's destiny is tied to a Star of Destiny (Chinese: 宿星; pinyin: sù xīng), the 108 Stars of Destiny represent 108 demonic overlords who were banished by Shangdi, a supreme god in Chinese folk religion. Having repented since their banishment, the stars are released from imprisonment by accident, and are reborn in the world as 108 heroes who band together for the cause of justice.

The 108 Stars of Destiny are divided into two groups: the 36 Heavenly Spirits and the 72 Earthly Fiends. Other titles for the Stars of Destiny include 108 Stars of Heavenly Earth and 108 Stars of Heaven and Earth.

One Heavenly Spirit, Lu Zhishen, is represented in a folktale as a sworn brother of Zhou Tong.[1]

According to The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling, several popular folktales about Wu Song, a Heavenly Spirit, from the "Wang School" of Yangzhou storytelling, state that he killed the tiger "in the middle of the tenth month" of the "Xuanhe year [1119]" (the emphasis belongs to the original author).[2]

In Iron Arm, Golden Sabre, Sun Li, an Earthly Fiend, is portrayed as a fellow student of Zhou Tong and Luan Tingyu.[3]

In Louis Cha's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Guo Sheng, an Earthly Fiend, is said to be the ancestor of the protagonist, Guo Jing.[4]

36 Heavenly Spirits

Rank (L) Rank (HS) Star Name Nickname Other names Division Designation Origin Ancestral home / Place of origin Chapter of first appearance Weapon Picture
11Tiankui
(天魁);
Leader Star
(天魁星)
Song Jiang
(宋江; Sòng Jiāng; Sung Chiang)
"Protector of Righteousness"
(呼保義)
Gongming
(公明);
"Timely Rain"
(及時雨);
"Filial and Righteous Dark Third Son"
(孝義黑三郎);
"Dark Song Jiang"
(黑宋江)
CommanderLeaderMagistrate's clerkYuncheng County, Heze, Shandong18
22Tiangang
(天罡);
Strength Star
(天罡星)
Lu Junyi
(卢俊义; 盧俊義; Lú Jùnyì; Lu Chün-i)
"Jade Qilin"
(玉麒麟)
CommanderDeputy leaderSquireDaming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
60Spear,
Cudgel,
Pudao
33Tianji
(天機);
Knowledge Star
(天機星)
Wu Yong
(吴用; 吳用; Wú Yòng; Wu Yung)
"Resourceful Star"
(智多星)
Xuejiu
(學究)
StrategistChief strategistProfessorYuncheng County, Heze, Shandong14Bronze hammer
44Tianxian
(天閒);
Leisure Star
(天閒星)
Gongsun Sheng
(公孙胜; 公孫勝; Gōngsūn Shèng; Kung-sun Sheng)
"Dragon in the Clouds"
(入雲龍)
StrategistStrategist in charge of army formationTaoistJizhou
(present-day Ji County, Tianjin)
14Sword, Taoist magic
55Tianyong
(天勇);
Brave Star
(天勇星)
Guan Sheng
(关胜; 關勝; Guān Shèng; Kuan Sheng)
"Great Blade"
(大刀)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry)Left GeneralImperial generalYuncheng, Shanxi63Blue Dragon Crescent Moon Blade
(青龍偃月刀)
66Tianxiong
(天雄);
Majestic Star
(天雄星)
Lin Chong
(林沖; 林沖; Lín Chōng; Lin Ch'ung)
"Panther Head"
(豹子頭)
Instructor Lin
(林教頭);
Little Zhang Fei
(小張飛)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry)Right GeneralMartial arts instructor of the Imperial GuardsDongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
78-foot-long (2.4 m) Snake Spear
(丈八蛇矛);
Pudao
(朴刀)
77Tianmeng
(天猛);
Fierce Star
(天猛星)
Qin Ming
(秦明; 秦明; Qín Míng; Ch'in Ming)
"Fiery Thunderbolt"
(霹靂火)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry)Vanguard GeneralImperial generalKaizhou (believed to be present-day Puyang, Henan)34Wolf-toothed mace
(狼牙棒)
88Tianwei
(天威);
Prestige Star
(天威星)
Huyan Zhuo
(呼延灼; 呼延灼; Hūyán Zhuó; Hu-yen Cho)
"Double Clubs"
(雙鞭)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry)Rear GeneralImperial generalTaiyuan, Shanxi54Pair of steel clubs
99Tianying
(天英);
Hero Star
(天英星)
Hua Rong
(花荣; 花榮; Huā Róng; Hua Jung)
"Little Li Guang"
(小李廣)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Military officerQingfeng Fort (in present-day Qingzhou, Weifang, Shandong)33Spear;
Bow and arrows
1010Tiangui
(天貴);
Noble Star
(天貴星)
Chai Jin
(柴进; 柴進; Chái Jìn; Ch'ai Chin)
"Little Whirlwind"
(小旋風)
Nobleman Chai
(柴大官人);
Ke Yin
(柯引)
LogisticsChief accountantNobleman, descendant of Chai RongCangzhou, Hebei9Spear
1111Tianfu
(天富);
Wealth Star
(天富星)
Li Ying
(李应; 李應; Lǐ Yìng; Li Ying)
"Striking Hawk"
(撲天雕)
LogisticsChief accountantSquireYunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong)47Steel alloy spear
(渾鐵點鋼槍);
Flying daggers
(飛刀)
1212Tianman
(天滿);
Fulfillment Star
(天滿星)
Zhu Tong
(朱仝; Zhū Tóng; Chu T'ung)
"Lord of the Beautiful Beard"
(美鬚公)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)ConstableYuncheng County, Heze, Shandong13Sabre
1313Tiangu
(天孤);
Solitary Star
(天孤星)
Lu Zhishen
(鲁智深; 魯智深; Lǔ Zhìshēn; Lu Chih-shen)
"Flowery Monk"
(花和尚)
Lu Da
(魯達);
Major Lu
(魯提轄)
InfantryInfantry leaderGarrison majorWeizhou (around present-day Pingliang, Gansu)3Monk's spade,
Dagger
1414Tianshang
(天傷);
Harm Star
(天傷星)
Wu Song
(武松; Wǔ Sōng; Wu Sung)
"Pilgrim"
(行者);
"Tiger-fighting Hero"
(打虎英雄)
Chief Wu
(武都頭);
Grandmaster Qingzhong
(清忠祖師)
"Wu the Second"
(武二郎)
InfantryInfantry leaderConstableQinghe County, Xingtai, Hebei23Pair of sabres,
staff
1515Tianli
(天立);
Steadfast Star
(天立星)
Dong Ping
(董平; Dǒng Píng; Tung P'ing)
"General of Double Spears"
(雙槍將)
"Refined and Cultured General of Double Spears"
(風流雙槍將)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry)Imperial generalShangdang, Hedong
(around present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi)
69Pair of spears
1616Tianjie
(天捷);
Agile Star
(天捷星)
Zhang Qing
(张清; 張清; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing)
"Featherless Arrow"
(沒羽箭)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Imperial generalZhangde Prefecture
(present-day Anyang, Henan)
70Spear,
Stones
1717Tian'an
(天暗);
Dark Star
(天暗星)
Yang Zhi
(杨志; 楊志; Yáng Zhì; Yang Chih)
"Blue Faced Beast"
(青面獸)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Military officerXintai, Linzhou (present-day Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi)12Sabre,
Spear
1818Tianyou
(天祐);
Guardian Star
(天祐星)
Xu Ning
(徐宁; 徐寧; Xú Níng; Hsü Ning)
"Gold Lancer"
(金槍手)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Instructor of Gold Lancers unit of the Imperial ArmyHenan56Hooked Lance
(鈎鐮槍)
1919Tiankong
(天空);
Flight Star
(天空星)
Suo Chao
(索超; Suǒ Chāo; So Ch'ao)
"Impatient Vanguard"
(急先鋒)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Military officerHebei13Golden Axe
(金蘸斧)
2020Tiansu
(天速);
Speed Star
(天速星)
Dai Zong
(戴宗; Dài Zōng; Tai Tsung)
"Magic Traveller"
(神行太保)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScouting chiefPrison wardenJiangzhou (江州; present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)38Sword
2121Tianyi
(天異);
Deviance Star
(天異星)
Liu Tang
(刘唐; 劉唐; Liú Táng; Liu T'ang)
"Red Haired Devil"
(赤髮鬼)
InfantryInfantry leaderIllegal traderDongluzhou
(東潞州; believed to be present-day Changzhi, Shanxi)
14Pudao
2222Tiansha
(天殺);
Killer Star
(天殺星)
Li Kui
(李逵; Lǐ Kuí; Li K'uei)
"Black Whirlwind"
(黑旋風)
"Iron Ox"
(鐵牛)
InfantryInfantry leaderJailerBaizhang Village, Yishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
37Pair of axes,
Pudao
2323Tianwei
(天微);
Minute Star
(天微星)
Shi Jin
(史进; 史進; Shǐ Jìn; Shih Chin)
"Nine Tattooed Dragons"
(九紋龍)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)SquireHuayin County (present-day Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi)2Staff,
Pudao
2424Tianjiu
(天究);
Investigative Star
(天究星)
Mu Hong
(穆弘; Mù Hóng; Mu Hung)
"Unrestrained"
(沒遮攔)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry)Rich manJieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)37Pudao
2525Tiantui
(天退);
Retreat Star
(天退星)
Lei Heng
(雷横; 雷橫; Léi Héng; Lei Heng)
"Winged Tiger"
(插翅虎)
InfantryInfantry leaderBlacksmith,
Constable
Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong13Pudao
2626Tianshou
(天壽);
Longevity Star
(天壽星)
Li Jun
(李俊; Lǐ Jùn; Li Chün)
"River Dragon"
(混江龍)
NavyNavy leaderFerrymanLuzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui)36Sword
2727Tianjian
(天劍);
Sword Star
(天劍星)
Ruan Xiao'er
(阮小二; Ruǎn Xiǎo'èr; Juan Hsiao-erh)
"Tai Sui Who Stands His Ground"
(立地太歲)
NavyNavy leaderFishermanShijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong)15
2828Tianping
(天平);
Balance Star
(天平星)
Zhang Heng
(张横; 張橫; Zhāng Héng; Chang Heng)
"Boatman"
(船火兒)
NavyNavy leaderPirateXiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui)37
2929Tianzui
(天罪);
Guilt Star
(天罪星)
Ruan Xiaowu
(阮小五; Ruǎn Xiǎowǔ; Juan Hsiao-wu)
"Short-lived Second Brother"
(短命二郎)
NavyNavy leaderFishermanShijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong)15
3030Tiansun
(天損);
Damage Star
(天損星)
Zhang Shun
(张顺; 張順; Zhāng Shùn; Chang Shun)
"White Stripe in the Waves"
(浪里白條)
NavyNavy leaderFishermanXiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui)37
3131Tianbai
(天敗);
Defeat Star
(天敗星)
Ruan Xiaoqi
(阮小七; Ruǎn Xiǎoqī; Juan Hsiao-ch'i)
"Living King Yama
(活閻羅)
NavyNavy leaderFishermanShijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong)15
3232Tianlao
(天牢);
Secure Star
(天牢星)
Yang Xiong
(杨雄; 楊雄; Yáng Xióng; Yang Hsiung)
"Sick Guan Suo"
(病關索)
InfantryInfantry leaderPrison warden and executionerHenan44
3333Tianhui
(天慧);
Wisdom Star
(天慧星)
Shi Xiu
(石秀; Shí Xiù; Shih Hsiu)
"Daredevil Third Brother"
(拚命三郎)
InfantryInfantry leaderFirewood sellerJiankang Prefecture, Jinling
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
44
3434Tianbao
(天暴);
Savage Star
(天暴星)
Xie Zhen
(解珍; Xiè Zhēn; Hsieh Chen)
"Double-headed Snake"
(兩頭蛇)
InfantryInfantry leaderHunterDengzhou
(in present-day eastern Shandong)
49Bronze forked spear
(渾鐵點鋼叉)
3535Tianku
(天哭);
Crying Star
(天哭星)
Xie Bao
(解宝; 解寶; Xiè Bǎo; Hsieh Pao)
"Twin-tailed Scorpion"
(雙尾蠍)
InfantryInfantry leaderHunterDengzhou (in present-day eastern Shandong)49Bronze forked spear
(渾鐵點鋼叉)
3636Tianqiao
(天巧);
Skilful Star
(天巧星)
Yan Qing
(燕青; Yàn Qīng; Yen Ch'ing)
"Prodigal" / "Wanderer"
(浪子)
InfantryInfantry leaderLu Junyi's stewardDaming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
60Crossbow

72 Earthly Fiends

Rank (L) Rank (EF) Star Name Nickname Other names Division Designation Origin Ancestral home / Place of origin Chapter of first appearance Weapon Picture
371Dikui
(地魁);
Leader Star
(地魁星)
Zhu Wu
(朱武; Zhū Wǔ; Chu Wu)
"Resourceful Strategist"
(神機軍師)
StrategistStrategistBandit leaderDingyuan (present-day Dingyuan County, Chuzhou, Anhui)2Pair of swords
382Disha
(地煞);
Malignant Star
(地煞星)
Huang Xin
(黄信; 黃信; Huáng Xìn; Huang Hsin)
"Guardian of Three Mountains"
(鎮三山)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial generalQingzhou (in present-day Shandong)33Sword of Death
(喪門劍)
393Diyong
(地勇);
Brave Star
(地勇星)
Sun Li
(孙立; 孫立; Sūn Lì; Sun Li)
"Sick Yuchi"
(病尉遲)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralGarrison majorQiongzhou
(present-day Hainan)
49Spear,
Steel clubs
404Dijie
(地傑);
Prominence Star
(地傑星)
Xuan Zan
(宣赞; 宣贊; Xuān Zàn; Hsüan Tsan)
"Ugly Prince Consort"
(醜郡馬)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralMilitary officer63Sabre
415Dixiong
(地雄);
Magnificent Star
(地雄星)
Hao Siwen
(郝思文; Hǎo Sīwén; Hao Szu-wen)
"Wood Dog of Well"
(井木犴)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial general63
426Diwei
(地威);
Majestic Star
(地威星)
Han Tao
(韩滔; 韓滔; Hán Tāo; Han T'ao)
"General of a Hundred Victories"
(百勝將)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial drill instructorDongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
55
437Diying
(地英);
Hero Star
(地英星)
Peng Qi
(彭玘; Péng Qǐ; P'eng Ch'i)
"General of Heavenly Vision"
(天目將)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial drill instructorDongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
55Sabre
(三尖兩刃刀)
448Diqi
(地奇);
Unique Star
(地奇星)
Shan Tinggui
(单廷圭; 單廷珪; Shàn Tíngguī; Shan T'ing-kui)
"General of Sacred Water"
(聖水將)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial drill instructorLingzhou (present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong)67Black spear,
Bow and arrows
459Dimeng
(地猛);
Fierce Star
(地猛星)
Wei Dingguo
(魏定国; 魏定國; Wèi Dìngguó; Wei Ting-kuo)
"General of Holy Fire"
(神火將)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralImperial drill instructorLingzhou
(present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong)
67Sabre,
Bow and arrows
4610Diwen
(地文);
Literature Star
(地文星)
Xiao Rang
(萧让; 蕭讓; Xiāo Ràng; Hsiao Jang)
"Sacred Handed Scholar"
(聖手書生)
Chief secretaryScholar and calligrapherJizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong)39
4711Dizheng
(地正);
Upright Star
(地正星)
Pei Xuan
(裴宣; Péi Xuān; P'ei Hsüan)
"Iron Faced Magistrate's Clerk"
(鐵面孔目)
Chief JusticeMagistrateJingzhao Prefecture (around present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi)44
4812Dikuo
(地闊);
Wide Star
(地闊星)
Ou Peng
(欧鹏; 歐鵬; Ōu Péng; Ou P'eng)
"Golden Wings Brushing Against the Clouds"
(摩雲金翅)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderHuangzhou (in present-day Huanggang, Hubei)41
4913Dihe
(地闔);
Whole Star
(地闔星)
Deng Fei
(邓飞; 鄧飛; Dèng Fēi; Teng Fei)
"Fiery Eyed Suan-ni"
(火眼狻猊)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderXiangyang, Hubei44Iron chain with spikes
5014Diqiang
(地強);
Strong Star
(地強星)
Yan Shun
(燕顺; 燕順; Yàn Shùn; Yen Shun)
"Multicoloured Tiger"
(錦毛虎)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderLaizhou (around present-day Yantai, Shandong)32Sabre
5115Di'an
(地暗);
Dark Star
(地暗星)
Yang Lin
(杨林; 楊林; Yáng Lín; Yang Lin)
"Multicoloured Leopard"
(錦豹子)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralWandering outlawZhangde Prefecture
(present-day Anyang, Henan)
44Iron spear
5216Difu
(地輔);
Assist Star
(地輔星)
Ling Zhen
(凌振; Líng Zhèn; Ling Chen)
"Heaven Shaking Thunder"
(轟天雷)
PyrotechnicsPyrotechnics unit commanderImperial artillery officerYanling (believed to be present-day Yanling County, Xuchang, Henan)55Cannon, Spear
5317Dihui
(地會);
Meet Star
(地會星)
Jiang Jing
(蒋敬; 蔣敬; Jiǎng Jìng; Chiang Ching)
"Divine Mathematician"
(神算子)
LogisticsAccountantBandit leaderTanzhou, Hunan41
5418Dizuo
(地佐);
Aid Star
(地佐星)
Lü Fang
(吕方; 呂方; Lǚ Fāng; Lü Fang)
"Little Marquis of Wen"
(小溫侯)
CavalryCentral Camp Defendant GeneralBandit leaderTanzhou (around present-day Changsha, Hunan)35Sky Piercer
(方天畫戟)
5519Diyong
(地佑);
Help Star
(地佑星)
Guo Sheng
(郭盛; Guō Shèng; Kuo Sheng)
"Comparable to Rengui"
(賽仁貴)
CavalryCentral Camp Defendant GeneralBanditJialing (present-day Jialing District, Nanchong, Sichuan)35"Sky Piercer"
(方天畫戟)
5620Diling
(地靈);
Efficacious Star
(地靈星)
An Daoquan
(安道全; Ān Dàoquán; An Tao-ch'üan)
"Divine Physician"
(神醫)
MedicalPhysicianPhysicianJiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
65
5721Dishou
(地獸);
Beast Star
(地獸星)
Huangfu Duan
(皇甫端; Huángfǔ Duān; Huang-fu Tuan)
"Purple Bearded Count"
(紫髯伯)
MedicalVeterinarianVeterinarianYouzhou
(present-day Beijing)
70
5822Diwei
(地微);
Minute Star
(地微星)
Wang Ying
(王英; Wáng Yīng; Wang Ying)
"Stumpy Tiger"
(矮腳虎)
CavalryCavalry leaderBandit leaderHuai River region31
5923Dihui
(地慧);
Bright Star
(地慧星)
Hu Sanniang
(扈三娘; Hù Sānniáng; Hu San-niang)
"Ten Feet of Blue"
(一丈青)
CavalryCavalry leaderDaughter of a squireYunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong)47Pair of sabres,
Lasso
6024Dibao
(地暴);
Savage Star
(地暴星)
Bao Xu
(鲍旭; 鮑旭; Bào Xù; Pao Hsü)
"God of Death"
(喪門神)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderKouzhou (believed to be present-day Guan County, Liaocheng, Shandong)67Sword
(闊刃劍)
6125Diran
(地然);
Correct Star
(地然星)
Fan Rui
(樊瑞; Fán Ruì; Fan Jui)
"Demon King of Chaos"
(混世魔王)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderPuzhou
(in present-day Chongqing)
60Chain spiked mace
(流星槌)
6226Dichang
(地猖);
Wild Star
(地猖星)
Kong Ming
(孔明; Kǒng Míng; K'ung Ming)
"Hairy Star"
(毛頭星)
InfantryCentral Camp Defendant GeneralBandit leaderQingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
57Spear
6327Dikuang
(地狂);
Crazy Star
(地狂星)
Kong Liang
(孔亮; Kǒng Liàng; K'ung Liang)
"Lonely Fiery Star"
(獨火星)
InfantryCentral Camp Defendant GeneralBandit leaderQingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
57Spear
6428Difei
(地飛);
Flying Star
(地飛星)
Xiang Chong
(项充; 項充; Xiàng Chōng; Hsiang Ch'ung)
"Eight-armed Nezha"
(八臂哪吒)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderPei County, Xuzhou59Spear,
Flying daggers
6529Dizou
(地走);
Walking Star
(地走星)
Li Gun
(李衮; 李袞; Lǐ Gǔn; Li Kun)
"Sky Soaring Great Sage"
(飛天大聖)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderPei County, Xuzhou59Sword,
Javelins
6630Diqiao
(地巧);
Skilful Star
(地巧星)
Jin Dajian
(金大坚; 金大堅; Jīn Dàjiān; Chin Ta-chien)
"Jade Armed Craftsman"
(玉臂匠)
Head craftsmanCraftsmanJizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong)39
6731Diming
(地明);
Bright Star
(地明星)
Ma Lin
(马麟; 馬麟; Mǎ Lín; Ma Lin)
"Iron Flute Deity"
(鐵笛仙)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderJiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
41Pair of sabres
6832Dijin
(地進);
Forward Star
(地進星)
Tong Wei
(童威; Tóng Wēi; T'ung Wei)
"Dragon Emerging from a Cave"
(出洞蛟)
NavyNavy leaderSalt traderJieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)37
6933Ditui
(地退);
Retreating Star
(地退星)
Tong Meng
(童猛; Tóng Měng; T'ung Meng)
"River Churning Clam"
(翻江蜃)
NavyNavy leaderSalt traderJieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)37
7034Diman
(地滿);
Full Star
(地滿星)
Meng Kang
(孟康; Mèng Kāng; Meng K'ang)
"Jade Flagpole"
(玉幡竿)
Chief ship builderBandit leaderZhending Prefecture (around present-day Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei)44
7135Disui
(地遂);
Succeed Star
(地遂星)
Hou Jian
(侯健; Hóu Jiàn; Hou Chien)
"Long Armed Ape"
(通臂猿)
Chief tailorTailorHongdu
(present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi)
41
7236Dizhou
(地周);
Complete Star
(地周星)
Chen Da
(陈达; 陳達; Chén Dá; Ch'en Ta)
"Stream Leaping Tiger"
(跳澗虎)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderYe
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
2Iron spear
7337Diyin
(地隱);
Latent Star
(地隱星)
Yang Chun
(杨春; 楊春; Yáng Chūn; Yang Ch'un)
"White Flower Serpent"
(白花蛇)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderJieliang, Puzhou (present-day Jiezhou Town, Yanhu District, Yuncheng, Shanxi)2Sabre
7438Diyi
(地異);
Different Star
(地異星)
Zheng Tianshou
(郑天寿; 鄭天壽; Zhèng Tiānshòu; Cheng T'ien-shou)
"Fair Skinned Gentleman"
(白面郎君)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderSuzhou, Jiangsu32
7539Dili
(地理);
Manage Star
(地理星)
Tao Zongwang
(陶宗旺; Táo Zōngwàng; T'ao Tsung-wang)
"Nine Tailed Turtle"
(九尾龜)
Construction supervisorBandit leaderGuangzhou (around present-day Huangchuan County, Xinyang, Henan)41Iron shovel
7640Dijun
(地俊);
Handsome Star
(地俊星)
Song Qing
(宋清; Sòng Qīng; Sung Ch'ing)
"Iron Fan"
(鐵扇子)
Banquet organiserFarmerYuncheng County, Heze, Shandong18
7741Diyue
(地樂);
Music Star
(地樂星)
Yue He
(乐和; 樂和; Yuè Hé; Yüeh He)
"Iron Whistle"
(鐵叫子)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceInfantry scouting leaderJailerMaozhou
(present-day Changyi, Weifang, Shandong)
49
7842Dijie
(地捷);
Victorious Star
(地捷星)
Gong Wang
(龚旺; 龔旺; Gōng Wàng; Kung Wang)
"Flowery Necked Tiger"
(花項虎)
InfantryInfantry leaderImperial generalDongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong70Spear
7943Disu
(地速);
Speed Star
(地速星)
Ding Desun
(丁得孙; 丁得孫; Dīng Désūn; Ting Te-sun)
"Arrow-hit Tiger"
(中箭虎)
InfantryInfantry leaderImperial generalDongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong70Forked spear
8044Dizhen
(地鎮);
Guardian Star
(地鎮星)
Mu Chun
(穆春; Mù Chūn; Mu Ch'un)
"Little Restrained"
(小遮攔)
InfantryInfantry leaderRich manJieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)36Sabre
8145Diji
(地嵇);
Ji Star
(地嵇星)
Cao Zheng
(曹正; Cáo Zhèng; Ts'ao Cheng)
"Knife Wielding Demon"
(操刀鬼)
Chief butcherButcherKaifeng17
8246Dimo
(地魔);
Devil Star
(地魔星)
Song Wan
(宋万; 宋萬; Sòng Wàn; Sung Wan)
"Giant in the Clouds"
(雲裏金剛)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leader11
8347Diyao
(地妖);
Demon Star
(地妖星)
Du Qian
(杜迁; 杜遷; Dù Qiān; Tu Ch'ien)
"Touching the Sky"
(摸着天)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leader11
8448Diyou
(地幽);
Tranquil Star
(地幽星)
Xue Yong
(薛永; Xuē Yǒng; Hsüeh Yung)
"Sick Tiger"
(病大蟲)
InfantryInfantry leaderMedicine peddlerLuoyang, Henan36
8549Difu
(地伏);
Concealment Star
(地伏星)
Shi En
(施恩; Shī Ēn; Shih En)
"Golden Eyed Tiger Cub"
(金眼彪)
InfantryInfantry leaderPrison wardenMengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan28
8650Dipi
(地僻);
Remote Star
(地僻星)
Li Zhong
(李忠; Lǐ Zhōng; Li Chung)
"Tiger Slaying General"
(打虎將)
InfantryInfantry leaderMedicine peddlerHaozhou
(present-day Fengyang County, Anhui)
3
8751Dikong
(地空);
Empty Star
(地空星)
Zhou Tong
(周通; Zhōu Tōng; Chou T'ung)
"Little Conqueror"
(小覇王)
Scouting general (cavalry)Tiger Cub Scouting GeneralBandit leaderQingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
5Spear
(走水綠沉槍)
8852Digu
(地孤);
Solitary Star
(地孤星)
Tang Long
(汤隆; 湯隆; Tāng Lóng; T'ang Lung)
"Gold Coin Spotted Leopard"
(金錢豹子)
Chief armourerBlacksmithYan'an, Shaanxi54
8953Diquan
(地全);
Complete Star
(地全星)
Du Xing
(杜兴; 杜興; Dù Xīng; Tu Hsing)
"Demon Face"
(鬼臉兒)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderLi Ying's stewardZhongshan
(present-day Dingzhou, Hebei)
46
9054Diduan
(地短);
Short Star
(地短星)
Zou Yuan
(邹渊; 鄒淵; Zōu Yuān; Tsou Yüan)
"Forest Emerging Dragon"
(出林龍)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderLaizhou, Yantai, Shandong49Flying Tiger Staff
(飛虎棒)
9155Dijiao
(地角);
Horn Star
(地角星)
Zou Run
(邹润; 鄒潤; Zōu Rùn; Tsou Jun)
"Single Horned Dragon"
(獨角龍)
InfantryInfantry leaderBandit leaderLaizhou, Yantai, Shandong49
9256Diqiu
(地囚);
Prisoner Star
(地囚星)
Zhu Gui
(朱贵; 朱貴; Zhū Guì; Chu Kui)
"Dry Land Alligator"
(旱地忽律)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderBandit leaderYishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
11
9357Dicang
(地藏);
Hidden Star
(地藏星)
Zhu Fu
(朱富; Zhū Fù; Chu Fu)
"Sneering Tiger"
(笑面虎)
Brewery masterTavern ownerYishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
43
9458Diping
(地平);
Level Star
(地平星)
Cai Fu
(蔡福; Cài Fú; Ts'ai Fu)
"Iron Arm"
(鐵臂膊)
Chief executionerPrison warden and executionerDaming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
62
9559Disun
(地損);
Harm Star
(地損星)
Cai Qing
(蔡庆; 蔡慶; Cài Qìng; Ts'ai Ch'ing)
"Stalk of Flower"
(一枝花)
Chief executionerPrison warden and executionerDaming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
62
9660Dinu
(地奴);
Slave Star
(地奴星)
Li Li
(李立; Lǐ Lì; Li Li)
"Life Taking Judge"
(催命判官)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern ownerLuzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui)36
9761Dicha
(地察);
Detective Star
(地察星)
Li Yun
(李云; 李雲; Lǐ Yún; Li Yün)
"Green Eyed Tiger"
(青眼虎)
Construction supervisorConstableYishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
43Sabre
9862Di'e
(地惡);
Evil Star
(地惡星)
Jiao Ting
(焦挺; Jiāo Tǐng; Chiao T'ing)
"Faceless"
(沒面目)
InfantryInfantry leaderWrestlerZhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei)67
9963Dichou
(地丑);
Ugly Star
(地丑星)
Shi Yong
(石勇; Shí Yǒng; Shih Yung)
"Stone General"
(石將軍)
InfantryInfantry leaderGamblerDaming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
35
10064Dishu
(地數);
Number Star
(地數星)
Sun Xin
(孙新; 孫新; Sūn Xīn; Sun Hsin)
"Little Yuchi"
(小尉遲)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern ownerQiongzhou
(present-day Hainan)
49
10165Diyin
(地陰);
Yin Star
(地陰星)
Gu Dasao
(顾大嫂; 顧大嫂; Gù Dàsǎo; Ku Ta-sao)
"Female Tiger"
(母大蟲)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern ownerDengzhou
(present-day Penglai District, Yantai, Shandong)
49
10266Dixing
(地刑);
Execute Star
(地刑星)
Zhang Qing
(张青; 張青; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing)
"Gardener"
(菜園子)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern ownerMengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan17
10367Dizhuang
(地壯);
Strong Star
(地壯星)
Sun Erniang
(孙二娘; 孫二娘; Sūn Èrniáng; Sun Erh-niang)
"Female Yaksha"
(母夜叉)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern owner17
10468Dilie
(地劣);
Inferior Star
(地劣星)
Wang Dingliu
(王定六; Wáng Dìngliù; Wang Ting-liu)
"Living Goddess of Lightning"
(活閃婆)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderTavern ownerJiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
65
10569Dijian
(地健);
Healthy Star
(地健星)
Yu Baosi
(郁保四; Yù Bǎosì; Yü Pao-szu)
"God of the Dangerous Road"
(險道神)
Chief flag bearerBanditQingzhou, Shandong68
10670Dihao
(地耗);
Rat Star
(地耗星)
Bai Sheng
(白胜; 白勝; Bái Shèng; Pai Sheng)
"Daylight Rat"
(白日鼠)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderGamblerAnle Village, Yuncheng County, Shandong16
10771Dizei
(地賊);
Thief Star
(地賊星)
Shi Qian
(时迁; 時遷; Shí Qiān; Shih Ch'ien)
"Flea on a Drum"
(鼓上蚤)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderThief,
Tomb raider
Gaotangzhou
(present-day Gaotang County, Shandong)
46Pudao
10872Digou
(地狗);
Hound Star
(地狗星)
Duan Jingzhu
(段景住; Duàn Jǐngzhù; Tuan Ching-chu)
"Golden Haired Hound"
(金毛犬)
Reconnaissance and intelligenceScout leaderHorse thiefZhuozhou, Hebei60

References

  1. Hsia, C.T. C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press, 2004 (ISBN 0231129904), pp. 448-449, footnote #31
  2. Børdahl, Vibeke. The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996 (ISBN 0-7007-0436-1)
  3. Wang, Yun Heng (汪运衡) and Xiao Yun Long (筱云龙). Tie Bei Jin Dao Zhou Tong Zhuan (铁臂金刀周侗传 - "Iron Arm, Golden Sabre: The Biography of Zhou Tong"). Hangzhou: Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1986 (UBSN --- Union Books and Serials Number) CN (10103.414) and 464574
  4. (in Chinese) Cha, Louis. The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 1. Hong Kong Commercial Daily, 1957.

Bibliography

  • (in Chinese) Li, Mengxia. 108 Heroes from the Water Margin, page 27. EPB Publishers Pte Ltd, 1992. ISBN 9971 0 0252 3.
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