1891 in paleontology

	… 1881; 1882; 1883; 1884; 1885; 1886; 1887; ; 1888; 1889; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; ; 1895; 1896; 1897; 1898; 1899; 1900; 1901 …;
	In science 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
	Art; Archaeology; Architecture; Literature; Music; Philosophy; Science +...;

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1891.

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aeromyrma antiqua[2]	Comb nov	jr synonym	(Mayr, 1868)	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	Fossil myrmicine ant, moved to Erebomyrma antiqua in 1915 Synonym of Carebara antiqua	Carebara antiqua
Cataulacus planiceps[2]	Sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	A myrmicine ant.	Cataulacus planiceps
Cataulacus silvestrii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	A myrmicine ant.	Cataulacus silvestrii
Ectatomma gracile[2]	Sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	An ectatommine ant.	Ectatomma gracile
Hypopomyrmex[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	A myrmicine ant. Type species H. bombiccii	Hypopomyrmex bombiccii
Plagiolepis labilis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	A formicine ant.	Plagiolepis labilis
Ponera leptocephala[2]	Sp nov	valid	Emery	Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene?	Sicilian amber	Italy: Sicily	A ponerine ant.	Ponera leptocephala

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agrosaurus	Gen et sp nov	Jr. synonym	Seeley	Rhaetian?		England	Junior subjective synonym of Thecodontosaurus.
Ammosaurus	Gen nov	synonym	Marsh	Early Jurassic		USA ( Connecticut) ( Massachusetts) Jr synonym of Anchisaurus polyzelus	Anchisaurus polyzelus
Calamosaurus	Gen et comb nov	Nomen dubium	Lydekker	Barremian	Wessex Formation	England	a possible basal coelurosaurian	Calamosaurus foxi
Sterrholophus	Gen et comb nov	Jr. synonym	Marsh	Maastrichtian	Lance Formation	USA	Type species S. flabellatus Junior subjective synonym of Triceratops horridus.	Triceratops horridus
Torosaurus	Gen et 2 sp	Valid	Marsh	Maastrichtian	Lance Formation	USA; Texas		Torosaurus.

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Neochen debilis	Valid	Florentino Ameghino

References

Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
Emery, C. (1891). "Le formiche dell'ambra Siciliana nel Museo Mineralogico dell'Università di Bologna" [The ants of Sicilian amber in the Mineralogical Museum of the University of Bologna]. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (in Italian). 5: 141–165. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0409.

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[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Emery1891-2] Emery, C. (1891). "Le formiche dell'ambra Siciliana nel Museo Mineralogico dell'Università di Bologna" [The ants of Sicilian amber in the Mineralogical Museum of the University of Bologna]. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (in Italian). 5: 141–165. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0409.