1926 in science
The year 1926 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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|---|---|---|---|
Astronomy and space exploration
- March 16 – Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.
Biology
- American microbiologist Selman Waksman publishes Enzymes.
- The Quarterly Review of Biology is established by Raymond Pearl in the United States.
Chemistry
- Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company develop a method of plasticizing polyvinyl chloride, giving it commercial potential.
- Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) is first synthesized.
Earth sciences
- Vladimir Vernadsky popularises the concept of the biosphere in a book (in Russian) of this title.
Exploration
- May 12 – Roald Amundsen, Umberto Nobile and crew fly over the North Pole in the airship Norge.
Mathematics
- Otakar Borůvka publishes Borůvka's algorithm, introducing the greedy algorithm.[1][2][3][4]
Medicine
- First vaccine for pertussis.
- American biogerontologist Raymond Pearl publishes his book Alcohol and Longevity[5] demonstrating that drinking alcohol in moderation is associated with greater longevity than either abstaining or drinking heavily.[6]
- Finnish physician Erik Adolf von Willebrand first describes Hereditär pseudohemofili ("Hereditary pseudohemophilia"),[7] later known as Von Willebrand disease.
- German-Jewish dermatologist Walter Freudenthal gives the earliest clear histopathological description of keratoma senile (actinic keratosis), distinguishing it from verruca senilis (seborrheic keratosis), in Breslau.[8]
Paleontology
- Gerhard Heilmann publishes The Origin of Birds (in English) on bird evolution.
Physics
- Wolfgang Pauli uses Werner Heisenberg's matrix theory of quantum mechanics to derive the observed spectrum of the hydrogen atom.
Technology
- January 26 – Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrates his pioneering greyscale mechanical television system (which he calls a "televisor") at his London laboratory for members of the Royal Institution and a reporter from The Times.[9][10][11][12]
- February – Hidetsugu Yagi and Shintaro Uda publish the first description of the Yagi–Uda antenna.
- June 28 – A patent for an electric percussion fuse for explosive projectiles, invented by Herbert Rühlemann, is filed in Germany.
- July
- Alan A. Griffith publishes An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design, proposing an airfoil shape for turbine blades.[13][14]
- Carl Zeiss, Jena, open a planetarium housed in a geodesic dome designed by Walther Bauersfeld.[15]
- November 23 – The aerosol spray can is patented by Erik Rotheim, a Norwegian chemical engineer.[16]
- The Einstein refrigerator is invented by Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard.
- Ulster-born engineer Harry Ferguson is granted a British patent for his 'Duplex' hitch linking tractor and plough.
- German engineer Andreas Stihl patents and develops an electric chainsaw.[17]
Awards
Births
- January 11 – Lev Dyomin (died 1998), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.
- January 29 – Abdus Salam (died 1996), Punjabi theoretical physicist.[19]
- February – David Medved (died 2009), American physicist.
- March 7 – Margaret Weston (died 2021), English electrical engineer and Director of the Science Museum, London.
- April 3 – Gus Grissom (died 1967), American astronaut.[20]
- May 8 – David Attenborough, English broadcaster and naturalist.
- June 19 – Erna Schneider Hoover, American computer technologist.
- June 23 – Lawson Soulsby (died 2017), English parasitologist.
- July 27 – W. David Kingery (died 2000), American materials scientist specializing in ceramic materials.
- July 31
- Bernard Nathanson (died 2011), American medical doctor and activist.
- Hilary Putnam (died 2016), American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist.
- September 4 – George William Gray (died 2013), Scottish chemist, discoverer of stable liquid crystal materials leading to the development of liquid-crystal displays.
- September 7 – Donald Pinkel, American pediatric hematologist and oncologist.
- September 15 – Jean-Pierre Serre, French mathematician.
- October 2 – Michio Suzuki (died 1998), Japanese mathematician.
- October 12 – Ruth L. Kirschstein (died 2009), American pathologist and science administrator at the National Institutes of Health.
- October 31 – Narinder Singh Kapany (died 2020), Punjabi-born physicist.
- November 29 – Dilhan Eryurt (died 2012), Turkish astrophysicist.
- December 10 – Neena Schwartz (died 2018), American endocrinologist.
Deaths
- March 5 – Clément Ader (born 1841), French engineer and inventor, airplane pioneer.
- April 11 – Luther Burbank (born 1849), American plant breeder.
- May 8 – Stephen Paget (born 1855), English surgeon.
- July 21 – Washington Roebling (born 1837), American civil engineer.
- September 23 – Paul Kammerer (born 1880), Austrian Lamarckian biologist (suicide).
- October 7 – Emil Kraepelin (born 1856), German psychiatrist.
- October 10 – Clara H. Hasse (born 1880), American botanist.
- October 19 – Victor Babeș (born 1854), Romanian physician and bacteriologist.
- November 26 – John Browning (born 1855), American firearms designer.
References
- Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "O jistém problému minimálním [About a certain minimal problem]". Práce Mor. Přírodověd. Spol. V Brně III (in Czech and German). 3: 37–58.
- Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "Příspěvek k řešení otázky ekonomické stavby elektrovodních sítí [Contribution to the solution of a problem of economical construction of electrical networks]". Elektronický Obzor (in Czech). 15: 153–4.
- Nešetřil, Jaroslav; Milková, Eva; Nešetřilová, Helena (2001). "Otakar Borůvka on minimum spanning tree problem: translation of both the 1926 papers, comments, history". Discrete Mathematics. 233 (1–3): 3–36. doi:10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00224-7. hdl:10338.dmlcz/500413. MR 1825599.
- "ekonomicke stavby". www.domy-drevostavby-na-klic.cz. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
- Pearl, Raymond (1926). Alcohol and Longevity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-405-13615-3.
- Boyle, Peter; Boffetta, Paolo; Lowenfels, Albert B.; Burns, Harry; Brawley, Otis; Zatonski, Witold; Rehm, Jürgen (2013). Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780199655786.
- Von Willebrand, E. A. (1926). "Hereditär pseudohemofili". Finska Läkaresällskapets Handlingar (in Swedish). 68: 87–112.
- Freudenthal, Walter (1926). "Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile". Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis. 152 (2): 505–528. doi:10.1007/BF01828395.
- "BBC - History - John Logie Baird". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- "Baird demonstrates TV". History com. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
- "John Logie Baird | British inventor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
- Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Report no. H 1111.
- Rubbra, A. A. (1964). "Alan Arnold Griffith. 1893–1963". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 10: 117–136. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1964.0008. JSTOR 769315.
- "Photographs of the Zeiss Optical Company's first geodesic dome". Archived from the original on 2013-03-19. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- Bellis, Mary. "The History of Aerosol Spray Cans". About.com. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- Reid, Mark Collin (2017). "Timber!". Canada's History. 97 (5): 20–23.
- "These Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble". National Geographic News. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- Kibble, T. W. B. (1 November 1998). "Muhammad Abdus Salam, K. B. E.. 29 January 1926-21 November 1996". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 44: 387–401. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1998.0025.
- "Virgil I. Grissom | American astronaut". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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