1965 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	June 13 – June 15
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min)  1005 mbar (hPa)

A cut-off low pressure area developed from a shear trough in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 9. The low caused the detachment of a disturbance from the Intertropical convergence zone, which was located near the south coast of Guatemala. After moving across Guatemala and Mexico, the low emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on June 13. The low intensified on the following day, reaching tropical storm status at 0000 UTC.[4] It likely was a subtropical storm, however, the lack of consistent satellite data precludes such a classification. Operationally, the system was considered a tropical depression for its entire duration, thus, this went unnamed.[8] The storm began curving northeastward, and by early on June 15, it peaked with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[4]

Later that day at 1200 UTC, the storm made landfall near Santa Rosa Beach, Florida at the same intensity. Inland, the storm continued northeastward and became extratropical over eastern Georgia at 0000 UTC on June 16. Tides along the coast of the Florida Panhandle were 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) above normal. The storm brought sustained winds of 50 to 60 mph (85 to 105 km/h) with gusts up to 75 mph (120 km/h) at Alligator Point. Winds blew the roof off of two beach cottages on St. George Island, while tides sank or washed ashore several small boats.[4] The storm also produced rainfall up to 8.75 inches (222 mm) in Wewahitchka,[9] but no flooding occurred. Two tornadoes were spawned in Florida, with one damaging houses and a mobile home in Live Oak. The storm also brought rainfall to several other states.[4]

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 21 – August 25
Peak intensity	105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min)  976 mbar (hPa)

A weak circulation was noted by Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) near Cape Verde on August 16. During the next five days, the system tracked west-northwestward or northwestward, while conditions gradually became favorable for tropical cyclogenesis. At 0600 UTC on August 21, it is estimated that the system became Tropical Storm Anna. While Anna was tracking north-northeastward on August 23, an eye feature appeared on TIROS. After another aircraft reported an eye on its radar, Anna was upgraded to a hurricane later that day. Late on August 24, Anna reached maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) while accelerating northeastward. Anna began losing tropical characteristics, and early on the following day, it transitioned into an extratropical storm while about halfway between the Azores and Greenland.[4]

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 27 – September 12
Peak intensity	140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min)  942 mbar (hPa)

A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on August 27, while well east of the Windward Islands. It tracked generally west-northward until crossing the Leeward Islands on August 28. No impact was reported in the islands.[4] After re-curving to the northwest, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Betsy on August 29.[5] Betsy then rapidly intensified and became a Category 1 hurricane later that day.[5][4] It executed a small cyclonic loop, before turning west on September 1. Significant intensification resumed later that day. By late on September 3, Betsy became a Category 4 hurricane. While northeast of the Bahamas, Betsy moved erratically and executed another cyclonic loop. The storm steadily weakened, and was briefly downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane early on September 6. However, it promptly re-strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane. Betsy then tracked southwestward and then westward through the Bahamas.[5] The storm produced very strong winds and rough seas in the Bahamas. Damage reached $14 million and 1 death occurred in the island chain.[4]

By early on September 8, Betsy made landfall on Key Largo as a Category 3 hurricane.[5] In South Florida, the storm brought strong winds and significant storm surge. In the Upper Florida Keys, water reached several feet in height, which inundated highways and the first floor of buildings. Nearly all of the land south of Homestead Air Force Base and east of U.S. Route 1 was covered by water. There were 8 deaths and $120 million in losses, which included both property and agriculture.[10] Betsy entered into the Gulf of Mexico and re-strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on September 9. While approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States, Betsy peaked with winds of 155 mph (250 km/h), slightly below the threshold for Category 5 hurricane status. However, further intensification was halted after Betsy made landfall in Grand Isle, Louisiana later on September 9.[5] In Louisiana, strong winds and rough seas caused extensive damage. Storm surge inundated the levees in New Orleans, flooding much of the city. Throughout the state, more than 22,000 homes were either damaged or destroyed, and 168,000 people were left without electricity. The storm caused more than 17,000 injuries and resulted in 58 deaths.[10] Damage in the state of Louisiana reached $1.2 billion. Once inland, the storm rapidly weakened, and became extratropical over Ohio on September 12.[5] Impact in other states ranged from minor to moderate. Overall, Betsy caused about $1.43 billion in damage and 76 fatalities. Betsy was the first hurricane in the United States to cause at least $1 billion in losses.[4][11]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 9
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min)  991 mbar (hPa)

A cold front moved eastward from North America into the western Atlantic Ocean on August 28. An extratropical low developed on August 31 over the north Atlantic, which degenerated into a trough three days later. On September 4, another extratropical storm developed, located about 800 mi (1,285 km) south of Newfoundland. The system attained gale-force winds a day later, and turned westward on September 6, steered by a building ridge to the north. On September 7, the storm transitioned into a tropical storm, after its wind field became more symmetrical. Later that day, the storm attain winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), recorded by nearby ships. The storm turned to the east and northeast, crossing over its former path. On September 10, the tropical storm again transitioned into an extratropical storm, which later passed southeast of Newfoundland. The storm moved across the northern Atlantic Ocean, dissipating on September 13 southwest of Ireland.[12]

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 16 – September 30
Peak intensity	90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min)  974 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 15[13] and developed into a tropical depression by early on the following day. It headed steadily westward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Carol late on September 17. The storm began curving northwestward by the following day.[5] Operationally, advisories were not initiated until 1900 UTC on September 19, after winds had already reached 50 mph (85 km/h).[14] Carol then slowed and began turning north-northward. Later on September 20, a Navy reconnaissance flight confirmed a circulation and also measured hurricane-force winds. Thus, Carol was upgraded to a hurricane at 1800 UTC on September 20.[13]

On September 21, another flight into the storm recorded a minimum pressure of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg), the lowest in relation to Carol. The hurricane accelerated, before slowing in forward motion on September 22. Between September 24 and September 28, the storm drifted and executed a small cyclonic loop.[13] Thereafter, Carol re-accelerated and was briefly upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane following an Air Force Reconnaissance report of 100 mph (155 km/h) winds. While passing northwest of the Azores, a weather station on Corvo Island reported a sustained wind speed of 64 mph (103 km/h) and a gust up to 80 mph (130 km/h). The storm curved east-southeastward, weakened, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located west of Portugal on October 1.[15]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 24 – September 30
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min)  1000 mbar (hPa)

A low pressure area in the northwestern Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical depression on September 24.[5] The depression brought locally heavy rainfall to areas of Honduras while tracking northwestward.[4] Despite winds of only 30 mph (45 km/h), the Miami Weather Bureau prematurely named the depression Debbie at 1600 UTC on September 25.[16] Several hours later, Debbie struck the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula.[5][4] After emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early on September 26, the storm was described as "weaker than before", as the convective activity indicated no organization.[4] However, Debbie began to strengthen, reaching tropical storm status on September 28.[5]

After peaked at winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) late on September 28,[5] cooler and drier air caused the storm to weaken.[4] Late on September 29, Debbie was downgraded to a tropical depression and dissipated just offshore Mississippi about twenty-four hours later.[5] Despite its demise, Debbie brought heavy precipitation, especially in Mobile, Alabama, where a 24-hour rainfall record was broken after 16.85 in (428 mm) fell.[9] Within the city of Mobile, hundreds of cars were flooded, while more than 200 people fled their inundated homes.[17] Many roads and businesses were also closed in the area.[18] Damage in Mobile alone reached $25 million.[4] Rainfall was reported in seven other states, though no significant impact occurred.[19]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	October 2 – October 3
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min)  993 mbar (hPa)

On September 25, a cold front emerged into the western Atlantic Ocean and stalled. An extratropical storm developed along the front on September 29 to the southeast of the Carolinas. The storm moved quickly east-northeastward and quickly intensified to near hurricane intensity. On September 30, the storm passed north of Bermuda, producing winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) there. On October 1, the system reversed its track, weakened slightly, and became more symmetric. By October 2, the strongest winds were located near the circulation center, based on nearby ship reports. Based on the observations, the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project estimated that the system transitioned into a tropical storm on this day, although the storm could have been a subtropical cyclone. Around that time, maximum sustained winds were estimated at 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm moved to the north and northeast ahead of a cold front. On October 3, the front absorbed the storm.[12]

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	October 12 – October 19
Peak intensity	110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min)  977 mbar (hPa)

TIROS imagery indicated a very weak circulation near 12°N, 40°W on October 11. Ship reports on the following day indicated a somewhat more organized circulation.[4] As a result, it is estimated that the final tropical depression of the season at 1200 UTC on October 12, while located about midway between Cape Verde and the Leeward Islands. Initially, the depression remained disorganized while tracking northwestward. However, by early on October 14, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Elena.[5] The storm continued to intensify and by early on October 16, a minimum pressure of 991 mbar (29.3 inHg).[4] Therefore, Elena likely reached hurricane status at 0600 UTC that day.[5] Later on October 16, the storm re-curved to the northeast and began to accelerate.[4] On October 18, Elena attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.9 inHg). At 0000 UTC on the following day,[5] the storm merged with an approaching cold front near the Azores.[4]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	October 16 – October 19
Peak intensity	65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min)  1004 mbar (hPa)

A trough persisted along the southeastern United States on October 15. A day later, a tropical depression formed along the trough near the northwestern Bahamas. The system quickly intensified into a tropical storm; due to its large circulation, the storm was potentially a subtropical cyclone. The storm moved in a counterclockwise direction – southeast at first, and eventually curving to the west-southwest. On October 18, the Hurricane Hunters flight reported maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). At 15:00 UTC that day, the storm made landfall at peak intensity near Flagler Beach, Florida. It quickly weakened while crossing the state, and dissipated the next day in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The storm dropped rainfall across northeast Florida and neighboring Georgia. The storm, in conjunction with a high pressure system over New England, produced gale-force winds in the Carolinas.[12]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	November 29 – December 2
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min)  999 mbar (hPa)

A cold front exited the east coast of the United States on November 22, and moved eastward. An extratropical storm developed along the front on November 26, located northeast of the Lesser Antilles. The storm moved northeastward, executed a small loop, and strengthened slightly. Gradually, the storm's structure became more symmetrical, and by November 29, the system transitioned into a tropical storm. At that time, the storm had peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and was moving southward. On December 1, the storm weakened into a tropical depression, and on the same day, the track shifted to the west. On December 2, the depression dissipated.[12]