1994 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1994.[1] José María Figueres of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.1%.[2]

1994 Costa Rican general election
6 February 1994 (1994-02-06)
Turnout81.1%
Presidential election
 
Candidate José María Figueres Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
Party PLN PUSC
Popular vote 739,339 711,328
Percentage 49.6% 47.7%
Results by canton
President before election

Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
PUSC

 Elected President

José María Figueres
PLN

Party Leader % Seats ±
PLN José María Figueres 44.6% 28 +3
PUSC Miguel Ángel Rodríguez 40.4% 25 -4
FD Vladimir de la Cruz 5.3% 2 0
PUAC Juan Guillermo Brenes Castillo 1.1% 1 0
PAN Víctor Hugo Núñez Torres 0.9% 1 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Campaign

The primary election were the main focus of controversy during this campaign, as they were particularly negative. In the case of the Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría made a second attempt to earn the nomination running against José Joaquín Trejos Fonseca, son of former president José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. The campaign was very ideological with Trejos accusing Rodríguez of not really being Christian Democrat nor following the ideals of Christian socialism and instead being neoliberal. Rodríguez indeed acknowledged to follow classical liberalism and advocated for small government, but without completely abandon Christian Democracy's ideas.[3]

PLN's primary was more focus on personal attacks. In it José María Figueres Olsen, son of PLN's caudillo and former president José Figueres Ferrer, faced popular anti-corruption and anti-narcotraffic deputy José Miguel Corrales, alongside other candidates like former First Lady Margarita Penón (wife of Óscar Arias) and San José Mayor Rolando Araya (nephew of former president Luis Alberto Monge). Thus, most candidates except Corrales came from important political families. Figueres' image was affected by the "Chemise Case", the allegations that he was involved in the murder of a young drug dealer while in custody during one of his father's governments.[3] Figueres sued the authors of the book accusing him, and won, but the controversy was still used by Corrales in campaign, to no avail as Figueres won the primary election. Corrales did not support him afterward.[3]

The negative campaign continue after the primaries. Rodríguez used the "Chemise Case" too and also accused Figueres of not being Catholic and belonging to the Christian Science cult, of having a military upraising due to his father's past as revolutionary caudillo and the fact that he's a West Point graduate, etc., in order to caused fear of an authoritarian government.[3] Figueres campaign on the other hand tried to show Rodríguez as a cold, heartless entrepreneur with neoliberal ideas as a counterpart to Figueres socialdemocratic ideology.[3]

Results

President
Candidate Party Votes %
José María Figueres OlsenNational Liberation Party739,33949.62
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez EcheverríaSocial Christian Unity Party711,32847.74
Miguel Zúñiga DíazDemocratic Force28,2741.90
Rafael Ángel Matamoros MesénChristian National Alliancees4,9800.33
Jorge González MarténNational Independent Partyes2,4260.16
Norma Vargas DuarteGeneral Union Partyes2,1500.14
Holman Esquivel GarroteIndependent Party1,6000.11
Invalid/blank votes35,882–
Total1,525,979100
Registered voters/turnout1,881,34881.11
Source: Nohlen; TSE

By province
Province Figueres % Rodríguez% Zúñiga % Matamoros % González % Vargas % Esquivel %
 San José 49.63 47.29 2.39 0.28 0.16 0.17 0.08
 Alajuela 50.30 47.41 1.71 0.29 0.13 0.08 0.09
 Cartago 50.33 46.81 2.03 0.35 0.20 0.16 0.12
 Heredia 49.89 46.91 2.57 0.27 0.14 0.13 0.08
 Guanacaste 50.03 48.66 0.62 0.26 0.14 0.08 0.20
 Puntarenas 49.06 49.09 0.75 0.59 0.19 0.21 0.12
 Limón 46.26 51.27 1.26 0.56 0.23 0.17 0.25
Total 49.62 47.74 1.90 0.33 0.16 0.14 0.11
Popular Vote
National Liberation
 
 49.62%
Social Christian Unity
 
 47.74%
Democratic Force
 
 1.90%
Christ. Nat. Alliance
 
 0.33%
Nat. Independent
 
 0.16%
General Union
 
 0.14%
Independent
 
 0.11%

Legislative Assembly
Popular Vote
National Liberation
 
 44.61%
Social Christian Unity
 
 40.38%
Democratic Force
 
 5.32%
General Union
 
 1.72%
Christian Nat. Alliance
 
 1.43%
Peoples' Vanguard
 
 1.36%
Cartago Agrarian Union
 
 1.11%
Other
 
 4.07%
Seats
National Liberation
 
 49.12%
Social Christian Unity
 
 43.86%
Democratic Force
 
 3.51%
Cartago Agrarian Union
 
 1.75%
National Agrarian
 
 1.75%
Party Votes % Seats +/–
National Liberation Party658,25844.6128+3
Social Christian Unity Party595,80240.3829-4
Democratic Force78,4545.322+2
General Union Partyes25,4201.720-1
Christian National Alliancees21,0641.4300
Peoples' Vanguard Party20,0261.3600
Cartago Agrarian Union Party16,3361.1110
National Agrarian Party13,5890.921+1
National Independent Partyes12,7670.8700
Alajuelense Democratic Action11,6300.7900
Independent Party9,2130.6200
Limonese Authentic Party5,4680.3700
Agrarian Labour Action Party3,8590.2600
Independent Guanacaste Party2,8430.190New
National Convergence Party8640.060New
Invalid/blank votes50,031–––
Total1,525,624100570
Registered voters/turnout1,881,34881.11––
Source: TSE; Election Resources

By province
Province PLN PUSC FD PUGEN ANC PVP PNI Others
% S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S
 San José 44.21 10 39.76 9 8.30 2 2.34 0 1.53 0 1.84 0 1.50 0 0.52 0
 Alajuela 46.36 5 41.26 5 3.43 0 0.40 0 1.15 0 0.62 0 0.35 0 6.43 0
 Cartago 43.93 3 37.73 2 3.39 0 2.47 0 0.88 0 0.66 0 0.61 0 10.33 1
 Heredia 45.93 3 40.93 2 7.86 0 1.73 0 1.18 0 1.28 0 0.51 0 0.58 0
 Guanacaste 47.23 3 44.02 2 1.88 0 0.73 0 0.61 0 - - 0.43 0 5.09 0
 Puntarenas 45.81 3 43.63 3 1.85 0 2.49 0 3.33 0 2.04 0 0.55 0 0.30 0
 Limón 36.85 1 37.14 2 0.96 0 0.46 0 1.28 0 2.51 0 0.36 0 20.44 1
Total 44.61 28 40.38 25 5.32 2 1.72 0 1.43 0 1.36 0 0.87 0 4.31 2

Local governments
Alderpeople
National Liberation
 
 49.45%
Social Christian Unity
 
 42.65%
Democratic Force
 
 4.04%
Regionalist
 
 2.57%
General Union
 
 0.74%
Peoples' Vanguard
 
 0.37%
Independent
 
 0.18%
Municipal Syndics
National Liberation
 
 75.47%
Social Christian Unity
 
 24.53%
Parties Popular vote Alderpeople Municipal Syndics
Votes % ±pp Total +/- Total +/-
National Liberation Party (PLN) 684,64846.36+3.64 269+37323+162
Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) 612,91841.51-5.19 232-42105-160
Democratic Force (FD) 72,4124.90+4.31 22+2200
Generaleña Union Party (PUG) 24,1481.64-0.48 4000
Peoples' Vanguard Party (PVP) 19,0691.29New 2New0New
National Agrarian Party (PAN) 16,6671.13+0.75 7+500
Alajuelense Democratic Action (PADA) 11,5490.78+0.78 3+300
National Independent Party (PNI) 8,7170.59-0.37 0000
Independent Party (PI) 6,0360.41+0.07 1000
Agrarian Labour Action Party (PALA) 4,9790.34-0.07 0-30New
Independent Guanacaste Party (PGI) 4,8780.33New 2New0New
Limonense Authentic Party (PAL) 4,5340.31+0.03 1000
National Convergence Party (PCN) 3,5630.24New 0New0New
New Alajuelita Party (PALNU) 2,5840.17+0.02 1000
Total 1,476,702100.00-544+18428+2
Invalid votes 49,1703.23
Votes cast / turnout 1,525,87281.11
Abstentions 355,34418.89
Registered voters 1,691,689100%
Sources[4]

Ballot

References
  1. Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p155 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
  2. Nohlen, p157
  3. Picado León, Hugo. "Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)" (PDF). Proyecto OIR/OPAL.
  4. "Elecciones Regidurías 1994". tse.go.cr (in Spanish). Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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