2002 Women's Hockey World Cup

The 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup was the 10th edition of the Women's Hockey World Cup field hockey tournament. It was held from 24 November to 8 December 2002 in Perth, Western Australia.

2002 Women's Hockey World Cup
10th FIH Women's World Cup Perth 2002
Official logo
Tournament details
Host countryAustralia
CityPerth
Teams16
Venue(s)Perth Hockey Stadium
Final positions
Champions Argentina (1st title)
Runner-up Netherlands
Third place China
Tournament statistics
Matches played72
Goals scored247 (3.43 per match)
Top scorer(s) Pietie Coetzee (9 goals)
Best player Luciana Aymar
← 1998 (previous) (next) 2006 →

Argentina won the tournament for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 4–3 in the final on penalty strokes after a 1–1 draw. China won the third place match by defeating defending champions Australia 2–0 to claim their first ever World Cup medal.

For this tournament, the participating nations were increased from the standard 12 (as in the 6 previous editions) to 16.

Qualification

Each of the continental champions from five federations and the host nation received an automatic berth. The European federation received one extra quota based upon the FIH World Rankings. Spain and China qualified as 4th and 5th team in final ranking at the 2000 Summer Olympics, completing the final line-up alongside the six nations from the Qualifier.

After the United States could not attend the Qualifying Tournament due to the disruption of airline schedules after the September 11 attacks, the FIH organized a series of test-matches between that team and India (Seventh placed team in Qualifying Tournament) to ensure they had a chance to participate at the World Cup. The winner of the test-match series would qualify.[1][2][3]

Dates Event Location Qualifier(s)
Host nation  Australia
7–11 November 1998 1998 Hockey African Cup for Nations Harare, Zimbabwe  South Africa
18–29 August 1999 1999 EuroHockey Nations Championship Cologne, Germany  Netherlands
 Germany
2–10 December 1999 1999 Hockey Asia Cup New Delhi, India  South Korea
8–18 March 2001 2001 Pan American Cup Kingston, Jamaica  Argentina
26–29 July 2001 2001 Oceania Cup Wellington, Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand  New Zealand1
17–30 September 2001 Qualifier Amiens, Abbeville, France  England
 Russia
 Ukraine
 Japan
 Ireland
 Scotland
22–25 June 2002 Play-Off Competition Cannock, England  United States
16–29 September 2000 2000 Summer Olympics Sydney, Australia  Spain
 China
^1 –Australia qualified both as host and continental champion, therefore that quota was given to the Oceania federation allowing New Zealand to qualify directly to the World Cup as the second placed team at the 2001 Oceania Cup.

Squads
Further information: 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup squads

Umpires

Below are the 18 umpires appointed by the International Hockey Federation:

  • Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
  • Michelle Arnold (AUS)
  • Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
  • Judith Barnesby (AUS)
  • Renée Cohen (NED)
  • Ute Conen (GER)
  • Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
  • Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
  • Jean Duncan (SCO)
  • Lynn Farrell (NZL)
  • Sarah Garnett (NZL)
  • Dawn Henning (ENG)
  • Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
  • Zang Jun Kentwell (USA)
  • Lee Mi-ok (KOR)
  • Mary Power (ENG)
  • Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
  • Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)

Results

All times are Western Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Pool A
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Argentina 7 7 0 0 17 2 +15 21 Semi-finals
2  China 7 5 1 1 14 5 +9 16
3  South Korea 7 4 2 1 20 7 +13 14
4  Germany 7 4 0 3 17 10 +7 12
5  New Zealand 7 2 0 5 8 12 −4 6
6  Scotland 7 2 0 5 8 21 −13 6
7  Ukraine 7 1 2 4 11 23 −12 5
8  Russia 7 0 1 6 6 21 −15 1
Source: FIH
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) goals scored; 4) head-to-head result.[4]
24 November 2002
14:05
China  0–0  South Korea
Report
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Soledad Ipparraguirre (ARG)
24 November 2002
15:35
Russia  0–4  Germany
Report Bachmann  10'
Keller  40'
Rinne  56'
Ernsting-Krienke  62'
Umpires:
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Mary Power (IRE)
24 November 2002
18:05
Argentina  1–0  New Zealand
García  46' Report
Umpires:
Ute Conen (GER)
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
24 November 2002
20:05
Ukraine  2–1  Scotland
Kolomiyets  16'
Vasyukova  51'		 Report Carroll  21'
Umpires:
Jun Kentwell (USA)
Dawn Henning (ENG)
26 November 2002
14:05
New Zealand  3–1  Russia
Hamahona  22'
Pearce  45'
Christie  46'		 Report Chegurdaeva  54'
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Jun Kentwell (USA)
26 November 2002
16:05
Scotland  0–3  China
Report Tang  11', 59'
Zhou  17'
Umpires:
Lynn Farrell (NZL)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
26 November 2002
18:05
Germany  1–3  South Korea
Rinne  64' Report Lee J.  21'
Lee S.  54'
Nam  62'
Umpires:
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
26 November 2002
20:05
Argentina  5–1  Ukraine
García  21'
Aymar  23'
Margalot  37'
Rognoni  41'
Doreski  66'		 Report Vynohradova  46'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Jean Duncan (SCO)
28 November 2002
14:05
Scotland  2–1  New Zealand
Carroll  22'
Clement  39'		 Report Weavers  31'
Umpires:
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
28 November 2002
16:05
South Korea  2–2  Ukraine
Kim E.  35', 61' Report Vasyukova  8', 30'
Umpires:
Ute Conen (GER)
Jun Kentwell (USA)
28 November 2002
18:05
Germany  0–1  Argentina
Report Margalot  65'
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Sarah Garnet (GER)
28 November 2002
20:05
Russia  1–2  China
Rastorgoueva  56' Report Li S.  27'
Chen Z.  70'
Umpires:
Jean Duncan (SCO)
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
29 November 2002
16:05
Germany  3–0  Scotland
Boie  16'
Lätzsch  19'
Ernsting-Krienke  20'		 Report
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Jun Kentwell (USA)
29 November 2002
18:05
New Zealand  0–3  South Korea
Report Lee E.  3'
Kim Y.  15'
Nam  36'
Umpires:
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
30 November 2002
10:35
Ukraine  3–3  Russia
Dudko  42'
Kobzenko  45', 58'		 Report Vassioukova  12'
Chegurdaeva  63'
Basaychuk  65'
Umpires:
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
30 November 2002
12:30
China  0–2  Argentina
Report García  5', 10'
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
1 December 2002
09:05
Germany  3–1  New Zealand
Klecker  13', 67'
Böhmert  31'		 Report Turner  4'
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Jean Duncan (SCO)
1 December 2002
14:05
Argentina  5–0  Scotland
Burkart  6'
González Oliva  10'
Aymar  17'
García  41'
Arrondo  65'		 Report
Umpires:
Jun Kentwell (USA)
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
1 December 2002
16:05
South Korea  5–0  Russia
Kim S.  38', 40'
Kim Y.  63', 69'
Lee S.  64'		 Report
Umpires:
Mary Power (IRE)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
1 December 2002
18:05
China  4–1  Ukraine
Zhou  15'
Chen Z.  25', 56'
Fu  51'		 Report Savenko  68'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
3 December 2002
09:05
New Zealand  3–0  Ukraine
Roberts-Lang  32', 50', 64' Report
Umpires:
Mary Power (IRE)
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
3 December 2002
11:05
Germany  1–3  China
Ernsting-Krienke  44' Report Tang  26'
Fu  48'
Cheng  70'
Umpires:
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
3 December 2002
14:05
Argentina  2–1  South Korea
García  17'
Stepnik  50'		 Report Lee S.  24'
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
3 December 2002
16:05
Scotland  3–1  Russia
Carroll  44'
Simpson  51', 64'		 Report Chegurdaeva  13'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
4 December 2002
09:35
Ukraine  2–5  Germany
Vasyukova  39', 66' Report Rinne  24'
Ernsting-Krienke  27'
Böhmert  52'
Klecker  63', 69'
Umpires:
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
4 December 2002
15:35
South Korea  6–2  Scotland
Kim E.  6', 13'
Nam  22', 49'
Kim S.  40'
Oh  58'		 Report Lampard  17'
Simpson  68'
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
4 December 2002
16:05
Russia  0–1  Argentina
Report García  54'
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Jean Duncan (SCO)
4 December 2002
20:05
China  2–0  New Zealand
Fu  14'
Cheng  31'		 Report
Umpires:
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)

Pool B
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Netherlands 7 6 1 0 22 5 +17 19 Semi-finala
2  Australia (H) 7 5 1 1 17 6 +11 16
3  England 7 3 2 2 12 9 +3 11
4  Spain 7 3 2 2 11 9 +2 11
5  Japan 7 2 4 1 7 7 0 10
6  United States 7 2 0 5 9 17 −8 6
7  South Africa 7 1 2 4 10 17 −7 5
8  Ireland 7 0 0 7 4 22 −18 0
Source: FIH
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) goals scored; 4) head-to-head result.[5]
(H) Host.
24 November 2002
09:05
Japan  1–1  Spain
Chiba  46' Report Romagosa  43'
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
24 November 2002
09:35
England  3–1  Ireland
Grant  9'
Danson  15'
King  56'		 Report Boyles  40'
Umpires:
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
24 November 2002
11:05
Australia  4–0  United States
Hudson  3'
Powell  9'
Alcorn  17'
K. Smith  26'		 Report
Umpires:
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
24 November 2002
16:05
Netherlands  3–0  South Africa
Van der Vaart  32'
Schopman  37'
Donners  54'		 Report
Umpires:
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
25 November 2002
14:05
Japan  0–2  Netherlands
Report Donners  7'
Boomgaardt  46'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
25 November 2002
16:05
South Africa  2–2  England
Koornhof  3'
Coetzee  54'		 Report Grant  2'
Clewlow  66'
Umpires:
Sarah Garnett (AUS)
Reneé Cohen (NED)
25 November 2002
18:05
United States  2–1  Ireland
Barber  14', 43' Report Boyles  24'
Umpires:
Jean Duncan (SCO)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
25 November 2002
20:05
Spain  0–1  Australia
Report Powell  61'
Umpires:
Ute Conen (GER)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
27 November 2002
14:05
Spain  3–1  South Africa
Romagosa  5'
Huertas  29'
Camón  55'		 Report Coetzee  57'
Umpires:
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Dawn Henning (ENG)
27 November 2002
16:05
United States  1–2  Japan
McCann  14' Report Chiba  26', 51'
Umpires:
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
Mary Power (IRE)
27 November 2002
18:05
Australia  2–1  Ireland
K. Smith  10'
Powell  14'		 Report Burke  25'
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
27 November 2002
20:05
Netherlands  2–1  England
Petri  27'
Boomgaardt  58'		 Report King  21'
Umpires:
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
29 November 2002
09:05
South Africa  1–1  Japan
Coetzee  9' Report Saito  14'
Umpires:
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
29 November 2002
11:05
Spain  4–1  United States
Goikoetxea  40'
Cámón  47'
Muñoz  50'
López  53'		 Report Barber  52'
Umpires:
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
29 November 2002
14:05
Ireland  0–6  Netherlands
Report Donners  13'
Van Geenhuizen  36'
Moreira de Melo  41'
Van der Vaart  43'
Van Hees  45'
Boomgaardt  47'
Umpires:
Jean Duncan (SCO)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
29 November 2002
20:05
England  1–3  Australia
King  24' Report Dobson  23'
Powell  30', 62'
Umpires:
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
30 November 2002
14:35
United States  3–0  South Africa
McCann  26'
Jelley  37'
K. Smith  49'		 Report
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
30 November 2002
16:35
Ireland  1–2  Spain
Boyles  36' Report López  14'
Muñoz  61'
Umpires:
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
30 November 2002
18:35
Japan  1–1  England
Iwao  33' Report Walsh  59'
Umpires:
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
Ute Conen (GER)
1 December 2002
11:05
Australia  1–3  Netherlands
K. Smith  43' Report Donners  5'
Van Geenhuizen  24'
Smabers  52'
Umpires:
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
2 December 2002
14:05
United States  0–1  England
Report Wright  54'
Umpires:
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
2 December 2002
16:05
Japan  1–0  Ireland
Miura  66' Report
Umpires:
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
2 December 2002
18:05
Spain  1–1  Netherlands
Camón  70' Report Schopman  54'
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
2 December 2002
20:05
Australia  5–0  South Africa
Towers  1'
Skirving  10'
Hudson  26'
Netzler  42'
Twitt  51'		 Report
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Ute Conen (GER)
4 December 2002
09:05
Netherlands  5–2  United States
Verbakel  12'
Donners  42'
Boomgaardt  56'
Van Hees  67', 68'		 Report Lucas  37'
Fuchs  70'
Umpires:
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
Ute Conen (GER)
4 December 2002
11:05
England  3–0  Spain
Grant  5'
J. Smith  54'
Bennett  70'		 Report
Umpires:
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
4 December 2002
14:05
Ireland  0–6  South Africa
Report Coetzee  4', 37', 54'
Wilson  8', 60'
Mayer  56'
Umpires:
Jun Kentwell (USA)
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
4 December 2002
18:05
Australia  1–1  Japan
Dobson  12' Report Yamamoto  19'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Mary Power (IRE)

Thirteenth to sixteenth classification
 
CrossoverThirteenth Place
 
      
 
6 December 2002
 
 
 South Africa4
 
7 December 2002
 
 Russia1
 
 South Africa3
 
6 December 2002
 
 Ukraine1
 
 Ukraine4
 
 
 Ireland3
 
Fifteenth Place
 
 
7 December 2002
 
 
 Russia0
 
 
 Ireland1

Crossover
6 December 2002
09:05
South Africa  4–1  Russia
Coetzee  1'
Bee  13'
Carlisle  37'
Koornhof  48'		 Report Basaychuk  38'
Umpires:
Mary Power (IRE)
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
6 December 2002
09:35
Ukraine  4–3  Ireland
Kobzenko  18'
Savenko  30'
Kolomiyets  42'
Vasyukova  44'		 Report Boyles  14', 25'
Burke  26'
Umpires:
Dawn Henning (ENG)
Jean Duncan (SCO)

Fifteenth and sixteenth place
7 December 2002
09:05
Russia  0–1  Ireland
Report Burke  66'
Umpires:
Lee Mi-Ok (KOR)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)

Thirteenth and fourteenth place
7 December 2002
09:35
South Africa  3–1  Ukraine
Coetzee  11', 56'
Wehmeyer  60'		 Report Vasyukova  2'
Umpires:
Jun Kentwell (USA)
Mary Power (IRE)

Ninth to twelfth place classification
 
CrossoverNinth Place
 
      
 
6 December 2002
 
 
 Japan3
 
7 December 2002
 
 Scotland0
 
 Japan0 (2)
 
6 December 2002
 
 United States (pen.)0 (4)
 
 New Zealand0
 
 
 United States (a.e.t.)1
 
Eleventh Place
 
 
7 December 2002
 
 
 Scotland0
 
 
 New Zealand3

Crossover
6 December 2002
12:05
Japan  3–0  Scotland
Chiba  30'
Yamamoto  56'
Komori  62'		 Report
Umpires:
Ute Conen (GER)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
6 December 2002
12:35
New Zealand  0–1 (a.e.t.)  United States
Report K. Smith  74'
Umpires:
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)

Eleventh and twelfth place
7 December 2002
12:05
Scotland  0–3  New Zealand
Report Weavers  23'
Christie  44'
Roberts-Lang  69'
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)

Ninth and tenth place
7 December 2002
14:35
Japan  0–0 (a.e.t.)  United States
Report
Penalties
Miura
Iwao
Morimoto
Kimura 		2–4 Tagliente
M. Smith
Everett
Fuchs
Umpires:
Ute Conen (GER)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)

Fifth to eighth place classification
 
CrossoverFifth Place
 
      
 
6 December 2002
 
 
 England7
 
7 December 2002
 
 Germany2
 
 England (pen.)3 (4)
 
6 December 2002
 
 South Korea3 (3)
 
 South Korea2
 
 
 Spain0
 
Seventh Place
 
 
7 December 2002
 
 
 Germany6
 
 
 Spain1

Crossover
6 December 2002
15:05
England  7–2  Germany
Walker  2'
Wright  37'
Smith  39', 52', 58'
Bennett  43'
Marston-Smith  46'		 Report Lätzsch  11'
Ernsting-Krienke  17'
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
6 December 2002
15:35
South Korea  2–0  Spain
Kim S.  23', 59' Report
Umpires:
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)

Seventh and eighth place
7 December 2002
17:05
Germany  6–1  Spain
Ernsting-Krienke  3'
Rinne  11'
Böhmert  20'
Klecker  28'
Keller  49', 58'		 Report Goikoetxea  8'
Umpires:
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
Jean Duncan (SCO)

Fifth and sixth place
7 December 2002
19:35
England  3–3 (a.e.t.)  South Korea
Grant  11', 63'
Smith  46'		 Report Lee S.  19', 45'
Kim E.  22'
Penalties
Walker
Walsh
Clewlow
King
Richardson 		4–3 Kim E.
Lee S.
Lee J.
Kim Y.
Park
Umpires:
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)

First to fourth place classification
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
6 December 2002
 
 
 Argentina1
 
8 December 2002
 
 Australia0
 
 Argentina (pen.)1 (4)
 
6 December 2002
 
 Netherlands1 (3)
 
 Netherlands1
 
 
 China0
 
Third Place
 
 
8 December 2002
 
 
 Australia0
 
 
 China2

Semi-finals
6 December 2002
18:05
Argentina  1–0  Australia
García  8' Report
Umpires:
Reneé Cohen (NED)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
6 December 2002
20:35
Netherlands  1–0  China
Van der Vaart  37' Report
Umpires:
Soledad Iparraguirre (ARG)
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)

Third and fourth place
8 December 2002
10:05
Australia  0–2  China
Report Ma  13'
Chen Z.  32'
Umpires:
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)

Final
8 December 2002
12:35
Argentina  1–1 (a.e.t.)  Netherlands
Arrondo  5' Report Boomgaardt  69'
Penalties
Margalot
Burkart
Oneto
Rognoni
Aymar
——
Margalot
Burkart
Rognoni 		4–3 Boomgaardt
Donners
Smabers
de Bruijn
Moreira de Melo
——
Boomgaardt
Donners
Moreira de Melo
Umpires:
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)

Awards
Player of the Tournament Top Goalscorer Fair Play Trophy
Luciana Aymar Pietie Coetzee  Argentina

Statistics

Final standings

As per statistical convention in field hockey, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Final result
A  Argentina 9 8 1 0 19 3 +16 25 Gold Medal
B  Netherlands 9 7 2 0 24 6 +18 23 Silver Medal
A  China 9 6 1 2 16 6 +10 19 Bronze Medal
4 B  Australia (H) 9 5 1 3 17 9 +8 16 Fourth place
5 B  England 9 4 3 2 22 14 +8 15 Eliminated in
group stage
6 A  South Korea 9 5 3 1 25 10 +15 18
7 A  Germany 9 5 0 4 25 18 +7 15
8 B  Spain 9 3 2 4 12 17 −5 11
9 B  United States 9 3 1 5 10 17 −7 10
10 B  Japan 9 3 5 1 10 7 +3 14
11 A  New Zealand 9 3 0 6 11 13 −2 9
12 A  Scotland 9 2 0 7 8 27 −19 6
13 B  South Africa 9 3 2 4 17 19 −2 11
14 A  Ukraine 9 2 2 5 16 29 −13 8
15 B  Ireland 9 1 0 8 8 26 −18 3
16 A  Russia 9 0 1 8 7 26 −19 1
Source: FIH
(H) Host.

Goalscorers

There were 247 goals scored in 72 matches, for an average of 3.43 goals per match.

9 goals

8 goals

7 goals

  • Natalya Vasyukova

6 goals

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

Source: FIH

References
  1. "FIH gives US chance to qualify". rediff.com. 17 September 2001. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  2. "Rescheduled US Field Hockey Women, India Series Shifts to England". PlanetFieldHockey.com. 31 May 2002. Archived from the original on 1 November 2005. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  3. "USA: Fuchs brings long wait to joyous end". PlanetFieldHockey.com. 26 June 2002. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  4. Regulations
  5. Regulations
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