323 Brucia

Brucia (minor planet designation: 323 Brucia) is a stony Phocaea asteroid and former Mars-crosser from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was the first asteroid to be discovered by the use of astrophotography.[14]

323 Brucia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date22 December 1891
Designations
(323) Brucia
Pronunciation/ˈbruːsiə, ˈbruːʃə/
Named after
Catherine Wolfe Bruce [2]
(American philanthropist)
1934 JC · A923 JA
main-belt · (inner)
Phocaea [3] · ex-Mars-crosser[4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc125.35 yr (45,785 days)
Aphelion3.0979 AU
Perihelion1.6662 AU
2.3820 AU
Eccentricity0.3005
3.68 yr (1,343 days)
106.64°
0° 16m 5.16s / day
Inclination24.230°
97.398°
291.26°
Mars MOID0.3464 AU
Physical characteristics
Dimensions27.714±0.300 km[5]
29.23±2.92 km[6]
32.395±0.317 km[7]
35.82±1.7 km[4][8]
37.29±0.76 km[9]
9.46 h[10]
9.4602±0.0001 h[11]
9.463±0.005 h[12]
10 h[4]
0.165±0.007[9]
0.1765±0.018[8]
0.2174±0.0421[7]
0.265±0.053[6]
0.295±0.046[5]
Tholen = S [1][4]
B–V = 0.893[1]
U–B = 0.480[1]
9.09±0.58[13] · 9.73[1][4][6][7][8][9]

    Description
    Orbital diagram of Brucia

    Brucia was also the first of over 200 asteroids discovered by Max Wolf, a pioneer in that method of finding astronomical objects. Discovered on December 22, 1891, it was named in honour of Catherine Wolfe Bruce, a noted patroness of the science of astronomy, who had donated $10,000 for the construction of the telescope used by Wolf.[2][15]

    The asteroid is a member of the Phocaea family (701),[3] a large family of stony S-type asteroids with nearly two thousand known members.[16]:23 It was an outer Mars-crossing asteroid with perihelion less than 1.666 AU[1] until July 2017. For comparison, asteroid 4222 Nancita will become a Mars-crosser in June 2019. (6454) 1991 UG1 was a Mars-crossing asteroid until January 2016.[17]

    Brucia has a synodic rotation period of 9.463 hours (as of 1998).[4] According to the survey carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, Brucia measures 35.82 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.1765.[8]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 323 Brucia" (2017-04-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(323) Brucia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (323) Brucia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 42. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_324. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "Asteroid 323 Brucia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    4. "LCDB Data for (323) Brucia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    6. Alí-Lagoa, V.; Delbo', M. (July 2017). "Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 603: 8. arXiv:1705.10263. Bibcode:2017A&A...603A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629917. S2CID 119224590.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 118700974.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 1 November 2017. Online catalog
    10. Schober, H. J.; Erikson, A.; Hahn, G.; Lagerkvist, C. I.; Oja, T. (November 1993). "Physical Studies of Asteroids. Part XXVI. Rotation and Photoelectric Photometry of Asteroids 323, 350, 582, 1021 and 1866". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 101 (3): 507. Bibcode:1993A&AS..101..499S. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    11. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (323) Brucia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    12. Warner, Brian D. (July 2014). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2014 January-March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (3): 144–155. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41..144W. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7296833. PMID 32549049. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    14. Campbell, W. W. (1892). "Discovery of Asteroids by Photography". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 4 (26): 264. Bibcode:1892PASP....4..264C. doi:10.1086/120521.
    15. "323 Brucia". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    16. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
    17. Webcite archive of asteroid 6454 with Epoch 2016

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