400 metres at the World Athletics Championships

The 400 metres at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983. It is the second most prestigious title in the discipline after the 400 metres at the Olympics. The competition format typically has two or three qualifying rounds leading to a final between eight athletes.

400 metres
at the World Championships in Athletics
Amantle Montsho and Allyson Felix at the finish of the 2011 women's final
Overview
GenderMen and women
Years heldMen: 19832019
Women: 19832019
Championship record
Men43.18 Michael Johnson (1999)
Women47.99 Jarmila Kratochvílová (1983)
Reigning champion
Men Steven Gardiner (BAH)
Women Salwa Eid Naser (BHR)

The championship records for the event are 43.18 seconds for men, set by Michael Johnson in 1999, and 47.99 seconds for women, set by Jarmila Kratochvílová in 1983. The men's world record has been broken at the competition on one occasion and Johnson's championship record remains the world record as of 2015.[1] The current women's championship record stood as the women's world record for two years and remains the only time that feat has been accomplished at the championships.

Michael Johnson is the most successful athlete of the World Championships 400 m, having won four straight titles from 1993 to 1999. He is the only sprint athlete to have won that many individual titles in an event. The second most successful is LaShawn Merritt – a two-time champion and the only other athlete to have won four medals. The most successful women are Marie-José Pérec, Cathy Freeman and Christine Ohuruogu, all of whom have won two world titles. Jeremy Wariner is the only other person to have won two titles, and also has three medals to his name.

The United States is comfortably the most successful nation in the discipline – American men have topped the podium ten times and taken 23 medals in total. American women also top the table with two golds among seven medals. Jamaica is the only other nation to have won more than one medal in the men's race, and has won eleven medals in total across the sexes. Great Britain has had two winners and two runners-up. Australia, France and Bahamas are the only other nations to have won multiple gold medals.

Jerome Young is the only athlete to be stripped of a medal in the event, as he lost his 2003 gold medal due to a doping ban.

Age

  • All information from IAAF[2]
Distinction Male athlete Age Female athlete Age
Youngest champion Kirani James18 years, 363 days Christine Ohuruogu23 years, 104 days
Youngest medalist Kirani James18 years, 363 days Grit Breuer19 years, 192 days
Youngest participant Kerth Gumbs16 years, 183 days Dijana Kojić15 years, 7 days
Oldest champion Michael Johnson31 years, 347 days Jarmila Kratochvílová32 years, 196 days
Oldest medalist Michael Johnson31 years, 347 days Jarmila Kratochvílová32 years, 196 days
Oldest participant Kelsey Nakanelua36 years, 98 days Sandrine Thiébaud-Kangni35 years, 128 days

Doping

Antonio Pettigrew, the 1991 champion, was the first have his results annulled due to doping, although this ban affected his finalist placings from 1997 to 2001 only. His fellow American Jerome Young became the first and thus far only 400 m athlete to be stripped of their world title. His ban covered his 2003 win, a 2001 semi-finalist placing, and a fourth-place finish in 1999.[3]

Natalya Sologub of Belarus became the first female 400 m runner to be disqualified from the championships, having originally been a 2001 semi-finalist. The 2003 sixth-place finish of Calvin Harrison was annulled for doping, as weer the semi-finalist runs of Amaka Ogoegbunam in 2009 and Antonina Yefremova in 2011.[3]

Medalists

Men

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Bert Cameron (JAM)  Michael Franks (USA)  Sunder Nix (USA)
1987 Rome
 Thomas Schönlebe (GDR)  Innocent Egbunike (NGA)  Harry Reynolds (USA)
1991 Tokyo
 Antonio Pettigrew (USA)  Roger Black (GBR)  Danny Everett (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
 Michael Johnson (USA)  Butch Reynolds (USA)  Samson Kitur (KEN)
1995 Gothenburg
 Michael Johnson (USA)  Butch Reynolds (USA)  Greg Haughton (JAM)
1997 Athens
 Michael Johnson (USA)  Davis Kamoga (UGA)  Tyree Washington (USA)
1999 Seville
 Michael Johnson (USA)  Sanderlei Parrela (BRA)  Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX)
2001 Edmonton
 Avard Moncur (BAH)  Ingo Schultz (GER)  Greg Haughton (JAM)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Tyree Washington (USA)  Marc Raquil (FRA)  Michael Blackwood (JAM)
2005 Helsinki
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)  Andrew Rock (USA)  Tyler Christopher (CAN)
2007 Osaka
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)  LaShawn Merritt (USA)  Angelo Taylor (USA)
2009 Berlin
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)  Jeremy Wariner (USA)  Renny Quow (TRI)
2011 Daegu
 Kirani James (GRN)  LaShawn Merritt (USA)  Kevin Borlée (BEL)
2013 Moscow
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)  Tony McQuay (USA)  Luguelín Santos (DOM)
2015 Beijing
 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)  LaShawn Merritt (USA)  Kirani James (GRN)
2017 London
 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)  Steven Gardiner (BAH)  Abdalelah Haroun (QAT)
2019 Doha
 Steven Gardiner (BAH)  Anthony Zambrano (COL)  Fred Kerley (USA)

Multiple medalists

Rank Athlete Nation Period Gold Silver Bronze Total
1Michael Johnson United States (USA)1991–19994004
2LaShawn Merritt United States (USA)2007–20132305
3Jeremy Wariner United States (USA)2005–20092103
4Wayde van Niekerk South Africa (RSA)2015–20172002
5Tyree Washington United States (USA)1997–20031012
6Butch Reynolds United States (USA)1987–19950213
7Greg Haughton Jamaica (JAM)1995–20010022

Medalists by country

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 United States (USA)108523
2 South Africa (RSA)2002
3 Bahamas (BAH)1102
4 Jamaica (JAM)1034
5= East Germany (GDR)1001
5= Grenada (GRN)1001
7= Brazil (BRA)0101
7= France (FRA)0101
7= Germany (GER)0101
7= Great Britain (GBR)0101
7= Nigeria (NGR)0101
7= Uganda (UGA)0101
13= Belgium (BEL)0011
13= Canada (CAN)0011
13= Dominican Republic (DOM)0011
13= Kenya (KEN)0011
13= Mexico (MEX)0011
13= Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)0011

Women

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)  Taťána Kocembová (TCH)  Mariya Pinigina (URS)
1987 Rome
 Olga Bryzgina (URS)  Petra Muller (GDR)  Kirsten Emmelmann (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)  Grit Breuer (GER)  Sandra Myers (ESP)
1993 Stuttgart
 Jearl Miles (USA)  Natasha Kaiser-Brown (USA)  Sandie Richards (JAM)
1995 Gothenburg
 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)  Pauline Davis (BAH)  Jearl Miles (USA)
1997 Athens
 Cathy Freeman (AUS)  Sandie Richards (JAM)  Jearl Miles Clark (USA)
1999 Seville
 Cathy Freeman (AUS)  Anja Rücker (GER)  Lorraine Graham-Fenton (JAM)
2001 Edmonton
 Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN)  Lorraine Fenton (JAM)  Ana Guevara (MEX)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Ana Guevara (MEX)  Lorraine Fenton (JAM)  Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN)
2005 Helsinki
 Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH)  Sanya Richards (USA)  Ana Guevara (MEX)
2007 Osaka
 Christine Ohuruogu (GBR)  Nicola Sanders (GBR)  Novlene Williams (JAM)
2009 Berlin
 Sanya Richards (USA)  Shericka Williams (JAM)  Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS)
2011 Daegu
 Amantle Montsho (BOT)  Allyson Felix (USA)  Anastasiya Kapachinskaya (RUS)
2013 Moscow
 Christine Ohuruogu (GBR)  Amantle Montsho (BOT)  Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS)
2015 Beijing
 Allyson Felix (USA)  Shaunae Miller (BAH)  Shericka Jackson (JAM)
2017 London
 Phyllis Francis (USA)  Salwa Eid Naser (BHR)  Allyson Felix (USA)
2019 Doha
 Salwa Eid Naser (BHR)  Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH)  Shericka Jackson (JAM)

Multiple medalists

Rank Athlete Nation Period Gold Silver Bronze Total
1=Marie-José Pérec France (FRA)1991–19952002
1=Cathy Freeman Australia (AUS)1997–19992002
1=Christine Ohuruogu Great Britain (GBR)2007–20132002
4Allyson Felix United States (USA)2011–20171113
5=Sanya Richards United States (USA)2005–20091102
5=Amantle Montsho Botswana (BOT)2011–20131102
5=Salwa Eid Naser Bahrain (BHR)2017–20191102
8=Jearl Miles Clark United States (USA)1993–19971023
8=Ana Guevara Mexico (MEX)2001–20051023
10Amy Mbacke Thiam Senegal (SEN)2001–20031012
11Lorraine Fenton Jamaica (JAM)1999–20030213
12Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas (BAH)2015–20190202
13Sandie Richards Jamaica (JAM)1993–19970112
14Shericka Jackson Jamaica (JAM)2015–20190022

Medalists by country

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 United States (USA)43310
2 Great Britain (GBR)2103
3= Australia (AUS)2002
3= France (FRA)2002
5= Bahamas (BAH)1304
5= Botswana (BOT)1102
5= Czechoslovakia (TCH)1102
8 Mexico (MEX)1023
9= Senegal (SEN)1012
9= Soviet Union (URS)1012
11 Jamaica (JAM)0459
12 Germany (GER)0202
13 East Germany (GDR)0112
14 Russia (RUS)0022
15 Spain (ESP)0011

Championship record progression

Men

Men's 400 metres World Championships record progression[4]
Time Athlete Nation Year Round Date
46.19Sunder Nix United States (USA) 1983Heats7 August 1983
46.11Bert Cameron Jamaica (JAM) 1983Heats7 August 1983
45.74Hartmut Weber West Germany (FRG) 1983Heats7 August 1983
45.57Michael Franks United States (USA) 1983Quarter-finals8 August 1983
45.44Michael Franks United States (USA) 1983Semi-finals9 August 1983
45.05Bert Cameron Jamaica (JAM) 1983Final10 August 1983
45.03Derek Redmond Great Britain (GBR) 1987Quarter-finals1987-08-31
44.81Thomas Schönlebe East Germany (GDR) 1987Quarter-finals1987-08-31
44.26Innocent Egbunike Nigeria (NGR) 1987Semi-finals1987-09-01
43.65Michael Johnson United States (USA) 1993Final1993-08-17
43.39Michael Johnson United States (USA) 1995Final1995-08-09
43.18 WRMichael Johnson United States (USA) 1997Final1999-08-26

Women

Women's 400 metres World Championships record progression[5]
Time Athlete Nation Year Round Date
52.42Jarmila Kratochvílová East Germany (GDR) 1983Heats1983-08-07
51.05Mariya Pinigina Soviet Union (URS) 1983Quarter-finals1983-08-08
50.07Mariya Pinigina Soviet Union (URS) 1983Semi-finals1983-08-09
47.99 WRJarmila Kratochvílová East Germany (GDR) 1983Finals1983-08-10

Finishing times

Top ten fastest World Championship times

References

  1. IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook Daegu 2011, pp. 595–6 (archived). IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-07-06.
  2. Butler 2013, p. 34–7.
  3. Butler 2013, p. 67–9.
  4. Main > Men, 400 m > World Championships Records Progression. Track and Field Brinkster. Retrieved on 2015-07-07.
  5. Main > Women, 400 m > World Championships Records Progression. Track and Field Brinkster. Retrieved on 2015-07-07.
  6. "Men's 400m".
  7. "Women's 400m".

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.