627 Charis

627 Charis /ˈkeɪrɪs/ is an asteroid and the parent body of the Charis family, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 49 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 March 1907, by German astronomer August Kopff at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[13] The asteroid was named after the Greek goddess Charis,[2] a name which may have been inspired by the asteroid's provisional designation 1907 XS. ('Charis' is in Greek is spelled 'Χάρις'.)

627 Charis
Discovery [1]
Discovered byA. Kopff
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date4 March 1907
Designations
(627) Charis
Pronunciation/ˈkeɪrɪs/
Named after
Charis (Greek mythology)[2]
1907 XS · 1929 RJ1
1929 RN1 · 1932 CZ
1947 GK · 1966 DR
A917 DE
main-belt · (outer) [3]
Charis [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.65 yr (40,415 days)
Aphelion3.0675 AU
Perihelion2.7320 AU
2.8998 AU
Eccentricity0.0578
4.94 yr (1,804 days)
318.92°
0° 11m 58.56s / day
Inclination6.4732°
142.48°
176.72°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions38.018±0.146 km[5]
44.745±0.140 km[6]
48.51±2.6 km[3][7]
49.47±0.51 km[8]
62.68±0.41 km[9]
>24 h (dated)[10]
27.888±0.002 h[11]
0.047±0.007[9]
0.0786±0.009[3][7]
0.080±0.002[8]
0.0925±0.0225[6]
Tholen = XB: [1]
SMASS = X [1][3] · P [6]
B–V = 0.680[1]
U–B = 0.261[1]
9.44±0.85[12] · 9.95[1][3][6][7][8][9]

    Orbit and classification

    Charis is the parent body of the Charis family (616),[4] an asteroid family of more than 800 known members.[14]:23 It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,804 days; semi-major axis of 2.90 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in March 1907.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    The overall spectral type for members of the Charis family is that of a C- and X-type.[14]:23 In the SMASS classification Charis is an X-type asteroid,[1][3] while in the Tholen classification, its type is ambiguous, closest to an X- and somewhat similar to a carbonaceous B-type asteroid including a reported noisy spectrum (XB:).[1] Conversely, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as a primitive P-type asteroid.[6]

    Rotation period

    Photometric observations of this asteroid by American astronomer Frederick Pilcher at the Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) in Las Cruces, New Mexico, during May 2012 gave a well-defined lightcurve with a rotation period of 27.888 hours and a brightness variation of 0.35 in magnitude (U=3).[11] The result supersedes a tentative period of at least 24 hours obtained by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini in March 2011 (U=2-).[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Charis measures between 38.018 and 62.68 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.047 and 0.0925.[5][6][7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0786 and a diameter of 48.51 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.95.[3][7]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named from Greek mythology, after the goddess Charis, the wife of Hephaestus after whom the minor planet 2212 Hephaistos was also named. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 65).[2]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 627 Charis (1907 XS)" (2017-10-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(627) Charis". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (627) Charis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 63. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_628. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (627) Charis". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 627 Charis – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (627) Charis". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    11. Pilcher, Frederick (October 2012). "Rotation Period Determinations for 47 Aglaja, 252 Clementina 611 Valeria, 627 Charis, and 756 Lilliana". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (4): 220–222. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39..220P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    13. "627 Charis (1907 XS)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
    14. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.

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