Action of 13 May 1942

The Action of 13 May 1942 was a naval engagement during World War II between the British Royal Navy and the German Kriegsmarine. It was an attempt by Royal Navy Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs) to stop the German auxiliary cruiser Stier from reaching Gironde, France.[1] Stier made it through the English Channel and reached Gironde, but MTBs sunk the German fleet torpedo boats Iltis and Seeadler. MTB 220 was sunk by the German ships.

Action of 13 May 1942
Part of World War II, Battle of the Atlantic
Date13 May 1942
Location
Straits of Dover, English Channel
Result

British tactical victory

  • Stier reaches Gironde
Belligerents
 United Kingdom Germany
Strength
Motor Torpedo Boats
Casualties and losses
1 MTB sunk
  • 2 Torpedo Boats sunk
  • 118 dead

Background

Stier was an auxiliary cruiser, a former merchant ship armed with hidden weapons and designed to be used as a merchant raider. The German plan was for Stier, disguised as the minesweeper Sperrbrecher 171, to be escorted through the English Channel to Gironde, France. From there, Stier was to break out into the Atlantic to attack Allied merchant ships.[2] The escort for Stier was the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, consisting of the torpedo boats Seeadler, Kondor, Falke, and Iltis as well as 16 R-boat minesweepers.[3] The torpedo boats were all of the Raubvogel or Raubtier class. Stier left Rotterdam with the escort on 12 May, heading into the channel.[4]

The battle

The German ships began picking up British MTBs on radar around two hours after midnight on 13 May. Crew on some of the German ships reported hearing motor noises, but the MTBs could not be seen.[2] The German ships were shelled by British coastal batteries in the Strait of Dover, but the batteries scored no hits.[4]

At around 3:30 am, the MTBs began their attack. German gunners hit and sunk MTB 220, and damaged several other MTBs.[3] Around 4:00 am, one of the MTBs fired a torpedo at Stier that missed and hit Iltis instead, breaking Iltis in two.[2] Less than fifteen minutes later, Seeadler was also hit by a torpedo, rolled over, split, and sank.[2] As Stier and its remaining escorts neared German shore batteries at Boulogne, the MTBs withdrew.[2] Around 118 German sailors lost their lives in the battle.[4]

Aftermath

Stier and its escort did not encounter any other Royal Navy forces after 13 May. However, on 15 May RAF aircraft attacked the German ships. The minesweeper M 26 was sunk off Cap de la Hague and M 256 was badly damaged.[4] On 19 May Stier reached Gironde, and broke out into the Atlantic on 20–21 May.[4]

References
  1. Jackson, Robert (1997). The Royal Navy in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 94. ISBN 1-55750-712-0.
  2. Duffy, James P. (2001). Hitler's Secret Pirate Fleet: The Deadliest Ships of World War II. Westport, Conn: Praeger. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-8032-6652-9.
  3. Williamson, Gordon (2011). E-Boat Vs MTB: The English Channel 1941-45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1849084062.
  4. Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 168. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.

Notes
  1. German torpedo boats were not small boats like the British MTBs, but actually ships slightly smaller than destroyers.
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