Adolfo Hohenstein

Adolfo Hohenstein (Saint Petersburg, 18 March 1854 – Bonn, 12 April 1928) was a German painter, advertiser, illustrator, set designer and costume designer. Hohenstein is considered the father of Italian poster art and an exponent of the Stile Liberty, the Italian Art Nouveau. Together with Leonetto Cappiello, Giovanni Mario Mataloni, Leopoldo Metlicovitz and Marcello Dudovich, he is considered one of the most important Italian poster designers .

Adolfo Hohenstein
Hohenstein with his wife Edwig in 1905 in his studio in Bonn
Born(1854-03-18)18 March 1854
St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (today's Russia)
Died12 April 1928(1928-04-12) (aged 74)
Bonn, Germany
NationalityGermany
Known forPainting, Illustration, Decorative art
Notable work
Tosca and La Bohème posters, Campari ads
MovementArt Nouveau, called Stile Liberty in Italy

Early years
Adolf Hohenstein - IV Triennial exhibition of fine arts Milan, 1900
1899 advertising poster
Poster 160 in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche
Poster for Corriere della Sera newspaper (1898).
Poster 180 in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche
Poster for Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini (1904).
Poster for Tosca by Giacomo Puccini (1899).

Adolfo Hohenstein was born in Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russian Empire, to German parents, Julius and Laura Irack. His father was a forest engineer, whose career prompted him to travel extensively. Adolfo moves to Vienna where he grows up and completes his studies. His travels take him to India, where he decorates the houses of the local nobility.

The Italian experience

In 1879, he settles down in Milan, Italy. He becomes a set and costume designer for La Scala and other theatres. There he meets the musical publisher Giulio Ricordi, and in 1889 begins to work for the Ricordi Graphical Workshops, where he shortly becomes the artistic director in charge of the graphical part. He'll create the posters for La Bohème and Tosca, as well as publicity for Campari, Buitoni and Corriere della Sera, numerous postcards, covers for scores and booklets. His work will continue to cover the theatrical dimension: scenarios and wardrobes for several works, among them Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff (1893) and a major part of the works of Giacomo Puccini, from the sketches of Le Villi (1884) to posters of Madama Butterfly (1904). At Ricordi's he has as colleague Giovanni Mario Mataloni and as students Leopoldo Metlicovitz and Marcello Dudovich.

Return to Germany

In the first years of the 1900s, after marrying Katharina Plaskuda, a widow, he travels more and more frequently between Italy and Germany till 1906, year in which, after winning the competition for the graphical symbol and the poster for the "Esposizione per il Traforo del Sempione", he leaves Milan for Bonn and Düsseldorf definitively. He will settle in Bonn in 1918. The German years see him engaged mostly as a painter and involved in the decoration of numerous buildings, among them one of the first in constructed reinforced concrete in Renania (1911). He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

Adolfo Hohenstein died in Bonn 12 April 1928.

Main poster works
  • 1898 – Corriere della Sera
  • 1898 – Cintura Calliano contro il mal di mare
  • 1899 – Onoranze a Volta nel centenario della pila
  • 1899 – Cesare Urtis & Co. Torino. Forniture electriche
  • 1900 – Esposizione d'Igiene
  • 1900 – Monte Carlo. Tir aux pigeons
  • 1900 – Monaco. Exposition et concours de canots automobiles
  • 1901 – Bitter Campari
  • 1905 – Fiammiferi senza fosforo del Dottor Craveri
  • 1906 – Birra Italia

Main theatre works (Ricordi Archives)
Sketch for the sets of La bohème by Giacomo Puccini (1896).
Props for La bohème by Giacomo Puccini (1896).
2 original sketches
2 scenario props
54 original costumes
5 scenario props
62 original costumes
4 set props
42 original costumes
  • Alfredo Catalani, La Wally, Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 20 January 1892
4 original sketches
41 original costumes
1 set prop
90 figurini originali
37 original costumes
3 set props
57 original costumes
4 set props
5 original sketches
41 original costumes
4 set props
13 watercolor designs
  • Giacomo Puccini, La Bohème, Torino, Teatro Regio, 1 February 1896
3 original sketches
62 original costumes
4 set props
3 original sketches
40 original costumes
9 set props
1 portrait of Mascagni
  • Giacomo Puccini, Tosca, Rome, Teatro Costanzi, 14 January 1900
3 original sketches
49 original costumes
4 set props
  • Alberto Franchetti, Germania, Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 1 March 1902
4 original sketches
95 original costumes
7 set props
2 set props

Exhibitions
  • 1894 – Esposizioni Riunite, Milan, Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense
  • 1911 – Katalog der Großen Kunstausstellung Düsseldorf (27 May – 8 October), Düsseldorf, Kunstpalast
  • 1912 – Katalog der Frühjahrs-Ausstellung (3 March – 14 April), Düsseldorf, Kunstpalast
  • 1916 – Kunstchronik, Neue Folge 26, Munich, Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte
  • 1917 – Große Berliner Kunstausstellung, Düsseldorf, Kunstpalast (16 June – 30 September): one oil painting, Schwarzwaldküche (Black Forest kitchen)[1]

See also

References
  1. Große Berliner Kunstausstellung 1917 im Kunstpalast zu Düsseldorf (in German). Berlin: Verlag der Otto Elsner Akt.-Ges. 1917. Catalogue no. 968. Digital copy of Heidelberg University Library

Bibliography
  • Dizionario Enciclopedico Bolaffi dei Pittori e degli Incisori Italiani – dall'XI al XX secolo (volume VI). Giulio Bolaffi Editore, Torino, 1974.
  • Un secolo di manifesti. Canova-Alberto Maioli Editore, Milano, 1996. ISBN 88-87843-10-4.
  • Edigeo (a cura di). Enciclopedia dell'arte Zanichelli. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004. ISBN 88-08-22390-6.
  • Giorgio Fioravanti. Il dizionario del grafico. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1993. ISBN 88-08-14116-0
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