Adrianople Vilayet

The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت ادرنه; Vilâyet-i Edirne)[3] was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.

ولايت ادرنه‎
Vilâyet-i Edirne
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1922

The Adrianople Vilayet in 1900
CapitalAdrianople (Edirne)[1]
Population 
• Muslim, 1914[2]
360,411
• Greek, 1914[2]
224,680
• Armenian, 1914[2]
19,773
• Jewish, 1914[2]
22,515
History 
1867
• Disestablished
1922
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Edirne Eyalet
Kingdom of Greece
Turkey
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Today part of Turkey
 Greece
 Bulgaria

This vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating in the formation of Western and Eastern Thrace after World War I as part of the Treaty of Lausanne. A small portion of the Vilayet was given to Bulgaria in the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) after the Balkan wars. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of 26,160 square miles (67,800 km2).[4] In the east it bordered with the Istanbul Vilayet, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, in the west with the Salonica Vilayet, in the north with Eastern Rumelia (Bulgaria since 1885) and in the south with the Aegean Sea. Sometimes the area is described also as Southern Thrace,[5] or Adrianopolitan Thrace.[6]

After the city of Edirne (pop. in 1905 about 80,000), the principal towns were Tekirdağ (35,000), Gelibolu (25,000), Kırklareli (16,000), İskeçe (14,000), Çorlu (11,500), Dimetoka (10,000), Enez (8000), Gümülcine (8000) and Dedeağaç (3000).[1]

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[7]

  1. Sanjak of Edirne (Edirne, Cisr-i Mustafapaşa, Kırcaali, Dimetoka, Ortaköy, Cisr-i Ergene, Havsa. It had also kazas of Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik, Beykar Hisar, Maa Hatunili-Kızılağaç (Its centre was Kızılağaç) and Ferecik. Kızılağaç went to Yanbolu sanjak of Şarki Rumeli Vilayeti, Ferecik went initially to Gelibolu in 1876, later to Dedeağaç and was demoted to nahiya in 1878, Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik and Beykar Hisar went to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak in 1878. Beykar Hisar was demoted to nahiya in 1879)
  2. Sanjak of Kirklareli (Since 1879) (Kirkkilise) (Kırkkilise, Tırnovacık, Lüleburgaz, Vize, Ahtabolu, Midye, Baba-yı Atik. Most of Tırnovacık and Ahtopol were ceded to Bulgaria in 1913. Saray separated from Vize and became kaza in 1916)
  3. Sanjak of Tekirdag (Tekfurdagi) (Tekfurdağı, Çorlu, Malkara, Hayrabolu. It had also kazas Vize, Lüleburgaz and Midye till 1879, it was gone to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak)
  4. Sanjak of Gelibolu (Gelibolu, Maydos, Şarköy, Mürefte, Keşan. It had also Enez and Gümülcine kazas till 1878. Gümülcine promoted to sanjak in 1878. Enez went to Dedeağaç sanjak. Finally İpsala (promoted to kaza) and Enez returned to Gelibolu in 1913)
  5. Sanjak of Dedeağaç (1878-1912) (Dedeağaç, Sofulu, Enez)
  6. Sanjak of Gümülcine (1878-1912) (Gümülcine, İskeçe, Koşukavak, Ahiçelebi, Eğridere, Darıdere). The whole Sanjak was ceded to Bulgaria, with a small part to Greece in 1913.
  7. Sanjak of Filibe (Filibe, Pazarcık, Hasköy, Zağra-i Atik, Kızanlık, Çırpan, Sultanyeri, Ahiçelebi) (until 1878, then it became part of Eastern Rumelia)
  8. Sanjak of Slimia (İslimye, Yanbolu, Misivri, Karinabat, Aydos, Zağra-i Cedid, Ahyolu, Burgaz) (until 1878, then became part of Eastern Rumelia)

Demographics

Ethno-religious groups in the Adrianople Vilayet, 1906-07

  Muslim (57%)
  Orthodox (36%)
  Armenian (3%)
  Jewish (4%)

Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet (including Eastern Rumelia) in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat:[8]

Group POPULATION
Bulgarians 40% (526,691)
Other Christians 22% (283,603)
Muslims 39% (503,058)
TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet 100% (1,304,352)

Population of the groups of the Vilayet and Sanjaks according to the Ottoman census in 1906/7, in thousands, adjusted to round numbers.[9] The groups are counted according to the Millet System of the Ottoman Empire not according to the mother tongue, some Bulgarian-speakers were part of the Greek Rum millet and counted as Greeks, while the Muslim millet included Turks and Pomaks (Bulgarian speaking Muslims).

GroupsEdirneGümülcineKırklareliDedeağacTekirdağGeliboluTotal
Muslims15424078447726619
Greeks1032271285365341
Bulgarians3729301761120
Jews1612–3224
Armenians5–-–19126
Others2-–-1-2
Total31729218189159961,134

A publication from December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) estimated 1,006,500 inhabitants:[10]

Sanjak of Filibe

Male population of the Filibe Sanjak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore: [11] [12]

Turks Muslim Gypsies Christian Gypsies Bulgarians Greeks Armenians Jews KAZA TOTAL
Filibe kaza 28% (35,400) 4% (5,474) 0% (495) 63% (80,107) 3% (3,700) 0% (380) 1% (691) 100% (126,247)
Tatar Pazardzhik kaza 23% (10,805) 4% (2,120) 1% (579) 70% (33,395) 1% (300) 0% (94) 1% (344) 100% (47,637)
Hasköy kaza 55% (33,323) 3% (1,548) 0% (145) 42% (25,503) 0% (0) 0% (3) 0% (65) 100% (60,587)
Zagora kaza 20% (6,677) 3% (989) 0% (70) 75% (24,857) 0% (0) 0% (0) 2% (740) 100% (33,333)
Kazanlak kaza 46% (14,365) 4% (1,384) 0% (24) 48% (14,906) 0% (0) 0% (0) 1% (219) 100% (30,898)
Chirpan kaza 24% (5,157) 2% (420) 0% (88) 74% (15,959) 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0) 100% (21,624)
Sultan-Jeri kaza 97% (13,336) 1% (159) 0% (0) 2% (262) 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0) 100% (13,757)
Akcselebi kaza 59% (8,197) 3% (377) 0% (0) 38% (5,346) 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0) 100% (13,920)
TOTAL Filibe Sanjak 37% (127,260) 4% (12,471) 0% (1,401) 58% (200,335) 1% (4,000) 0% (477) 1% (2,059) 100% (348,000)

Sanjak of İslimiye

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs: [13]

Community Population
Muslims 37,200 (47%)
Non-Muslims 46,961 (53%)
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak 100% (84,161)

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore: [14]

Community Population
Muslims 42% (44,747)
Non-Muslims 58% (60,854)
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak 100% (105,601)

Sanjak of Gümülcine

Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:[15]

Sanjak Muslims Christian Bulgarians Christian Greeks
Gümülcine 206.914 20.671 15.241
  • 1907 Ottoman Turkish map of the vilayet
  • Ethnic map of 1912 according to Bulgarian ethnographers

References
  1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Adrianople" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217.
  2. "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  3. Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Edirne ("Yearbook of the Vilayet of Edirne"), Edirne vilâyet matbaası, Edirne, 1300 [1882]; on the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  4. Europe by Éliseé Reclus, page 152
  5. Migration, Memory, Heritage: Socio-cultural Approaches to the Bulgarian-turkish Border, Magdalena Elchinova, Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva, Lina Gergova, Stoyka Penkova, Natalia Rashkova, Nikolai Vukov, Meglena Zlatkova, Lina Gergova, ISBN 954845842X, p. 30.
  6. Europe and the Historical Legacies in the Balkans, Raymond Detrez, Barbara Segaert, Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 9052013748, p. 58.
  7. Edirne Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
  8. Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press
  9. Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Kemal H. Karpat, page 91, 1985
  10. Published on December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) – view the table of Vilajet Manastir: Skynet GodsdBalkan Archived 2012-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Demeter, Gabor. "Ethnic maps as political advertisements and instruments of symbolic nation-building and their role in influencing decision-making from Berlin (1877-1881), to Bucharest (1913)". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. More, R.J., Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
  14. Димитър Аркадиев. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ National Statistical Institute
  15. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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