Alimuddin Zumla

Alimuddin "Ali" Zumla was born in Northern Rhodesia (now Chipata, Eastern Province, Zambia).[19] His parents Ismail and Aman Zumla were of Gujarati Indian origin.[20] He resided in the Kamwala district of Lusaka. He did his early education at the Lotus Primary School and Prince Philip Secondary School (now Kamwala Secondary School) in Lusaka, and his medical training at the University of Zambia's School of Medicine.[21] As a teenager, he declined a Rhodes Scholarship in order to pursue medical training in Zambia.[22]

In 1980, Zumla moved to London to pursue an MSc in tropical medicine at the University of London.[19] In 1982, he contracted life-threatening tuberculous meningitis, and was told that he would never walk again, but went on to recover and return to work a year and a half later despite disabling and painful neurological sequelae resulting from his meningitis.[22] He went on to pursue doctoral studies on leprosy human monoclonal antibodies at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where his 1987 dissertation (advised by Keith McAdam) merited him the Alan Woodruff Medal.[19][23][24]

Zumla spent a year at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine gaining the MSc degree in Clinical Tropical Diseases with a distinction and the Murgratroyd Prize. He subsequently worked at The Royal Northern and Royal Free Hospitals under the mentorship of David Geraint James obtaining his Membership of The Royal College of Physicians of London.

After doing a PhD between 1985 and 1987, Zumla worked as infectious diseases registrar and at the Rush Green Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Romford under Ming Yong and Mervyn Medlock. Whilst working at Rush Green Hospital, he identified and notified the first cases of the 1988 Legionnaires' Diseases outbreak which he traced back to Broadcasting House, BBC, central London.[25]

Zumla subsequently spent four years in a senior registrar/honorary lecturer position at the Hammersmith Hospital, Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London under Sir Robert Lechler, and then two years at the University of Texas Center for Infectious Diseases working with Herbert DuPont.[19][23][26] He then returned to his native Zambia to work on AIDS-related opportunistic infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka before moving to University College London in 1994.[23]

In 2003, there were media reports about a paper of Zumla's in The Lancet discussing a new test developed by a team he led for monitoring CD4 immune cell counts based on dried blood samples.[27] Such counts are used in monitoring AIDS patients taking antiretroviral drug treatments; Zumla's subsequent work has led to development and evaluation of a range of rapid, cheap and more accessible diagnostic tests for TB and respiratory infections for use on patients in developing countries.[28][29]

Zumla was the guest editor of the Lancet TB Series which addressed key issues around TB treatment and diagnosis. The launch was held at the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Geneva on 18 May 2010.[30] As of 2011, Zumla is the director of the Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health at University College London Medical School, as well as a consultant in infectious diseases at University College Hospital. His research interests include tuberculosis (particularly drug clinical trials, biomarkers, MDR-TB and TB in London), HIV/AIDS, tropical diseases, respiratory infections (and rapid diagnostics thereof), endocarditis, biomarkers, and transrenal DNA.[31]

Zumla's work focuses on improving global health, especially for disadvantaged populations, with an emphasis on assisting poorer and disadvantaged peoples of the world. He established and directs a multi-country collaboration with several African, Middle Eastern, European and United States institutions on collaborative research and training program on TB and HIV/AIDS.[13][32] Zumla and his collaborators have set up research and training programs in Africa, focusing attention on development of local infrastructure and capacity development.[33] Several of his doctoral students now occupy academic positions in institutions in Africa.[19]

Zumla has established north–south partnerships for TB research. His collaborations span five countries in Europe and 10 in sub-Saharan Africa, where he leads several multi-country research projects. His team's research findings have contributed to the development of WHO's management guidelines on treatment and prevention of TB and TB/HIV, and to improvements in the care of patients worldwide.[34]

In 2014, together with colleagues from Public Health England, World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Middle East, Zumla co-led The Lancet series on Mass Gatherings Medicine which was launched at the World Health Assembly of Ministers of Health in Geneva. This was a Series of reports about different mass gatherings: the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games; the 2012 European Football Championship finals, hosted jointly by Poland and Ukraine; and the 2012 and 2013 Hajj. These reports set out the planning and surveillance systems used to monitor public health risks, and describe the public health experiences and lessons learnt for the planning of future events.[35]

Zumla played a lead role in defining the etiology, epidemiology, mode of transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.[36][37]

Zumla is a member of the Court of Governors of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and is Vice Chair of the Strategic Advisory Group to the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership[38]

On 7 April 2015 at an inaugural meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, Zumla and Markus Maeurer from Karolinska Institutet Sweden led and established a new initiative, the Host-Directed Therapies Network (HDT-NET) consortium of 64 global partners to tackle global infectious diseases threats of multi-drug resistant TB and antimicrobial resistance.[39]

In 2020, Zumla was cited as a leading expert on the COVID-19 pandemic.[12][40]

Zumla has received the Weber Parkes Trust Medal and Prize from the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1999;[23] the Albert Chalmers Medal from the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 2002; the Windrush Award for Academic Achievement in 2003; and the 2005 Professional of the year by the "Muslim News" The Muslim News2005 Awards for Excellence.[41] In 2011 and 2012, Zumla received the UK India International Foundation Science Award (2011); the University of Amsterdam Spinoza Leerstoel award (2011); and the World Health Organisation (WHO) STOP TB Partnership Kochon Prize and Medal (2011) and the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden 2012 Annual Science Prize (2012) and honorary doctorate (2016).[42][34]

In October 2012, Zumla was awarded the highest Zambian civilian award by then Zambian president Michael Sata for his outstanding contributions to infectious diseases research in sub-Saharan Africa, development of Zambia's health sector, and training of numerous health personnel. The award, The Grand Commander of the Order of Distinguished Services First Division, was bestowed on Zumla on the 48th anniversary of Zambia's Independence.[43] In 2016 a research consortium led by Zumla won the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership prize presented by Zambian President Edgar Lungu.[44] In 2017 Zumla was appointed as National Institute for Health Research a senior investigator.[45] In 2020, for the third year running, he was recognized by Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science as one of the world's top 1% most cited researchers.[46][47][48]

Zumla has authored more than 650 publications and edited/published 21 medical textbooks, three of which are globally acknowledged classics: Manson's Tropical Diseases 21st and 22nd editions, Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference which involves 156 global TB experts writing 104 chapters on all aspects of paediatric and adult TB, and Granulomatous Disorders co-edited with D. G. James.[49]