Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis

Adonis's father, Nikos, emigrated from Cyprus as a teenager, becoming a waiter in London, where he met Adonis's English mother.[8] His mother left the family when he was three, and she has had no communication with him since.[8] Shortly thereafter Adonis and his sister were placed in care, because their father was working long hours and was not able to cope with sole parental responsibilities. Adonis lived in a council children's home until the age of 11, when he was awarded a local education authority grant to attend Kingham Hill School, a boarding school in Oxfordshire.[9]

Adonis studied at Keble College, Oxford, where he graduated with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern History in 1984.[10] He pursued further studies at Oxford receiving a doctorate with a thesis entitled, The political role of the British peerage in the Third Reform Act system, c. 1885–1914 at Christ Church, before being elected a fellow in History and Politics at Nuffield College.[3][9]

From 1991 to 1996, he was an education and industry correspondent at the Financial Times, eventually becoming their public policy editor.[3] In 1996, he moved to The Observer to work as a political columnist, leader writer and editor.[3]

From 1987 until 1991, Adonis served as an Oxford City Councillor for the Social Democratic Party and later the Liberal Democrats, representing the North Ward.[3] In 1994, he was selected by the Liberal Democrats as their prospective parliamentary candidate for the Westbury constituency, but he resigned after 18 months. In the following year he joined the Labour Party.[11]

During the mid-to-late 1990s he was politically active for Labour in Islington North, the constituency represented by Jeremy Corbyn, and was selected as Labour candidate to contest St George's Ward for Islington London Borough Council in 1998. He withdrew from the process before the election, however, upon being offered a position in the Number 10 Policy Unit as a constitutional and educational policy advisor in 1997. He remained in this role until 2001, when he was promoted to become Head of the Policy Unit.

On 16 May 2005, he was created a life peer as "Baron Adonis", of Camden Town in the London Borough of Camden,[12] making it possible for him to serve as a government minister, representing it in the House of Lords.[13]

Adonis at Council House, Bristol in 2011

Lord Adonis became the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Education in the Department for Education and Skills, which was later renamed the Department for Children, Schools and Families. He was closely involved in the London Challenge.[14]

Having been the architect of the academies policy in the Policy Unit, Adonis was also able to be the driving force in Government behind the programme, which replaced failing and under-performing comprehensive schools with all-ability, independently managed academies, run on a not-for-profit basis. By the time he left the Department in October 2008, 133 academies were open and 300 more were in the pipeline. Research suggests that performance at these early "sponsored" academies increased more quickly than in similar schools in the mainstream sector.[15]

Government policy later sought to force academisation of all schools, moving them from outside Local Authority control. This policy has now ceased.

Adonis also encouraged state schools to adopt practices of the private sector and generally believed in giving individual schools more independence and autonomy from central government and the local education authorities, although he voted against schools having more independent authority in the houses of parliament in 2006. His criticism of under-performing comprehensives made him unpopular with some trade union members and some on the Labour Party's left-wing. In 2006 Adonis supported the conversion of some independent schools under financial duress into state academies, portrayed at the time as a new style of direct grant grammar schools although not selective.[16] Adonis was also popular with some opposition politicians, in particular the then Conservative education spokesman Michael Gove, who once declared, "We are on the same page as Andrew Adonis."[17]

As Tony Blair's head of policy, Adonis was regarded as the architect of tuition fees in 2004 – a policy he criticised and disowned 13 years later.[18]

Having initially kept his position when Gordon Brown became Prime Minister, Adonis was reshuffled to the Department for Transport on 3 October 2008, to become Minister of State. In May 2009, while reviewing potential cycle "super highways" with Kulveer Ranger and then-London Mayor Boris Johnson, the group had a narrow escape when a passing lorry's back door "suddenly flew open, dragged a parked car into the street and smashed into another – just feet from the group".[19] On 5 June 2009, Adonis was promoted to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Transport and was sworn a member of the Privy Council. In this role, he pioneered the plan for High Speed 2, the proposed high-speed railway line from London to Birmingham and the north of England. The plan was published shortly before the 2010 election, and has since been adopted and taken forward, largely unchanged, by subsequent governments. In July 2015, Adonis was appointed a non-executive director to HS2 Board Ltd.[20]

Adonis planned and announced the electrification of the Great Western Main Line from London Paddington to Bristol, Cardiff and Swansea, and the electrification of lines in North West England from Manchester to Liverpool and Manchester to Preston. This electrification programme, except for the Cardiff to Swansea section of the Great Western, was taken forward by the coalition government.

Adonis was a key figure in the aftermath of the 2010 general election, which produced a hung parliament. He was reputed to favour a Lib–Lab deal and, given his SDP background, was a member of Labour's negotiating team that attempted to form an administration with the Liberal Democrats. After the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party, Adonis stepped down from frontline politics.[21]

Adonis later returned to active politics in 2012, as part of Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet reshuffle. He worked with former Shadow Business Secretary Chuka Umunna on crafting Labour's industrial strategy, and previously took up the role of Shadow Minister for Infrastructure in the House of Lords,[22] and overseeing the Armitt Review looking at future infrastructure plans for the Labour Party.[23]

In July 2010, Adonis became the director of the Institute for Government, an independent charity with cross-party support and Whitehall governance working to improve government effectiveness.[24] Adonis left the Institute for Government in January 2012, to become Chair of Progress, an internal Labour Party organisation.[25][26] Having been appointed President of the Independent Academies Association, in 2012, Adonis was also admitted as a Liveryman Honoris Causa of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers, one of the major charitable promoters of academies.[27]

Lord Adonis is a Trustee of Teach First, the charity which recruits graduates to teach in state schools, as well as a Trustee of the vocational education charity Edge, and a Governor of the Baker-Dearing Trust, which supports the establishment of University Technical Colleges, technical schools for 14- to 18-year-olds.[28][29] He has been a Director of RM Plc since October 2011. His book on education reform – Education, Education, Education – was published by Biteback in September 2012.[30] In November 2014, he was appointed visiting professor at King's College London.[31]

Adonis considered standing[32] to be Labour's candidate for Mayor of London in 2016, but ended his putative campaign in February 2015, endorsing Tessa Jowell.[33]

In October 2015, he resigned the Labour Party whip in the House of Lords to sit as a non-affiliated Peer and lead a newly created National Infrastructure Commission (NIC). However, he resigned from the NIC in December 2017 because of HM Government's approach to Brexit, saying the UK was "hurtling towards the EU's emergency exit with no credible plan for the future of British trade and European co-operation".[34] Adonis said he planned to oppose "relentlessly" the government's European Union (Withdrawal) Bill in the House of Lords. In his resignation letter, he wrote that, as well as Brexit, the recent decision to end the InterCity East Coast rail franchise three years early, at a cost of hundreds of millions of pounds, would also have forced him to quit. He also claimed that "taking us back into Europe will become the mission of our children's generation".[35] On 15 April 2018 Adonis attended the launch event of the People's Vote, a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union.[36]

In 2018, Adonis also became a weekly columnist for The New European, a newly created newspaper which campaigned against Brexit and supported the People's Vote campaign.

In the 2019 European Parliament election, Adonis was second on Labour's party list for South West England[37] but was not elected. Labour's share of the vote was 6.5% (a fall of 7.3% relative to the 2014 result) and the party lost its only MEP in the region.

Adonis was a participant at the 30 May - 2 June 2019 Bilderberg Meeting at Montreux, Switzerland.[38]

Andrew was met with criticism from teaching unions after advocating for a rapid reopening of UK schools during the COVID-19 pandemic.[39]

Adonis was formerly married to Kathryn Davies,[3] who was once a student of his;[8] the couple had two children.[9] Adonis and Davies divorced in 2015. In a profile[40] in the Evening Standard in 2019, the journalist Julian Glover reported that Adonis was gay.[41]

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• Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
• Current session contributions in Parliament at Hansard
• Voting record at PublicWhip.org
• Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou.com
• Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
• Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
• www.parliament.uk
• Official website