Grant Shapps

Shapps unsuccessfully contested the seat of North Southwark and Bermondsey during the 1997 election as the Conservative Party candidate.[35]

Shapps stood for the Welwyn Hatfield constituency in the 2001 election, again unsuccessfully.[19] He was reselected to fight Welwyn Hatfield in 2002 and continued his local campaigning over the next four years.

Shapps stood again in the 2005 election and was elected as the Conservative MP for Welwyn Hatfield, defeating the Labour MP and Minister for Public Health, Melanie Johnson. He received 22,172 votes (49.6%) and had a majority of 5,946 (13.3%), recording the second highest swing from Labour to Conservative in the 2005 election of 8.2%.[36]

Shapps publicly backed David Cameron's bid for the leadership of the Conservative Party, seconding Cameron's nomination papers. Upon Cameron's election as party leader Shapps was appointed vice chairman of the Conservative Party with responsibility for campaigning.[19]

He was a member of the Public Administration Select Committee between May 2005 and February 2007.

At the 2010 general election he was re-elected with an 11.1% swing and a majority of 17,423, taking 57% of the vote.[37]

Shapps was opposed to the UK's withdrawal from the European Union prior to the 2016 referendum and voted Remain.[38] However, following the referendum, Shapps announced he would support the result and vote to trigger Article 50. He also called on other Remain supporting MPs to do the same, arguing that voting down Article 50 to prevent Brexit would be "creating a situation which no-one wants be it MPs, voters or business" and that Parliament would contradict the fact it had granted the public a referendum on Britain's EU membership if it was not prepared to respect the result.[39]

In October 2017, Shapps called for Theresa May's resignation, saying that the party could not "bury its head in the sand" in the wake of the June election.[40] Shapps said that 30 MPs and "one or two" cabinet ministers agreed with him that Theresa May should resign.[41] May resigned two years later.

In June 2007, Shapps became shadow housing minister,[15] outside the shadow cabinet, but entitled to attend its meetings.

He was shadow housing minister during the period of the last four Labour government housing ministers. During this period of opposition he argued in favour of a community-up approach to solving the housing crisis and warned against top-down Whitehall driven housing targets, which he believed had failed in the past.[19]

In April 2009, Shapps launched the Conservative party's ninth green paper on policy, "Strong Foundations".[42] In early 2010 Shapps published a series of six speeches in a pamphlet called "Home Truths".[43]

In May 2010, Shapps became Minister of State for Housing and Local Government within the Communities and Local Government department and immediately repealed Home Information Pack (HIP) legislation.[44] He chaired the Cross-Ministerial Working Group[45] on Homelessness which includes ministers from eight Government departments.[46] The group introduced "No Second Night Out", a policy designed to prevent rough sleeping nationwide.

As Minister of State for Housing, Shapps promoted plans for flexible rent and controversially ended automatic lifetime social tenancies.[47] He also introduced the New Homes Bonus which rewarded councils for building more homes.[48] He denied claims that changes in Housing Benefit rules would be unfair claiming that ordinary people could no longer afford some of the homes paid for by the £24bn Housing Benefit bill.[49] Shapps championed Tenant Panels.[50]

At the 2011 party conference, Shapps backed the expansion of right to buy with the income being spent on replacing the sold housing with new affordable housing on a one for one basis.[51]

In 2012, Shapps launched StreetLink[52] – a website and phone app for the public to bring help to rough sleepers.[53]

Shapps speaking at Conservative Party conference 2011

In September 2012, Shapps was appointed Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party[6] in Cameron's first major reshuffle. On arrival Shapps set about preparing Conservative Campaign Headquarters for the 2015 election by installing an election countdown clock.[54] That November, Shapps hired political strategist Lynton Crosby to provide strategic advice and run the 2015 election campaign.[55][56]

In March 2013, Shapps defended the Welfare Reform Act 2012 (often referred to as the "Bedroom Tax") saying his own children share a bedroom.[57] That September, Shapps complained to the Secretary-General of the United Nations about a press release issued in its name stating that the reforms went against human rights.[58] Also in 2013, Shapps speaking on benefit reforms including capping benefits so that no out-of-work household can claim more than the average working family earns said that "nearly a million people have come off incapacity benefit... before going for the test. They've taken themselves off. My big argument here is this is not these people were trying to play the system, as much as these people were forced into a system that played them."[59] His statement was criticised by Andrew Dilnot, Chairman of the UK Statistics Authority, who noted that the figure for those previously on incapacity and withdrawing was just 19,700.[59] The other 878,300 not on benefits consisted of a drop in new claimants of the ESA.

In October 2013, Shapps told The Daily Telegraph that the BBC could forfeit the right to its licence fee if it did not resolve its "culture of waste and secrecy". He also suggested that the organisation was biased against the Conservative Party, saying it did not "apply fairness in both directions" and that there was a "question of credibility for the organisation".[60] His comments sparked a vigorous response from a former BBC Director General Greg Dyke who said that "politicians shouldn't define partiality".[61] Others, including the current BBC Director General Tony Hall echoed some of Shapps's comments by saying that the "BBC needs to start treating public money as its own."[62]

In March 2014, Shapps tweeted support of the 2014 budget as supporting ordinary people. Opponents criticised Shapps of being patronising to working people by believing their pastimes were limited to bingo and beer, and it drew critical national headlines.[63]

Shapps ceased being co-chairman of the Conservative Party in May 2015.

On 11 May 2015, Shapps was sacked from the cabinet,[64] which he had attended as Conservative party co-chairman and minister without portfolio at the Cabinet Office, and appointed as minister of state at the Department for International Development. BBC political correspondent Chris Mason said the change appeared to be a demotion,[7] while The Guardian's chief political correspondent, Nicholas Watt, went further, calling it "a humiliating blow".[65]

On 28 November 2015, Shapps stood down as minister of state due to allegations of bullying within the Conservative Party. It has been claimed that Shapps, in his previous role as party co-chairman, had ignored repeated allegations of bullying involving Mark Clarke, the then party youth organiser. Baroness Warsi, Shapps's predecessor as co-chair of the Conservative Party, had written to Shapps to raise concerns about Clarke's conduct in January 2015.[66] Shapps had appointed Clarke to head his party's RoadTrip 2015 campaign in January 2015.[66] Clarke denies all allegations.[8] The alleged bullying may have caused a young party member, Elliott Johnson, to commit suicide.[67] The day before Shapps's resignation, Johnson's father had called on Shapps to step down and made the following comments:[8][67]

Feldman, Shapps and whoever else is involved in this – clearly these senior members of the party have been telling lies ... If they had behaved responsibly ... none of these events would have happened; my son would still be alive and many activists wouldn't have been intimidated and harassed.[67]

Boris Johnson appointed Shapps Secretary of State for Transport upon his accession to Prime Minister.

On 23 September 2019, Thomas Cook Group fell into administration, leaving more than 150,000 British tourists in need of repatriation. When asked why the government chose not to bail out the company, Shapps said "I fear it would have kept them afloat for a very short period of time and then we would have been back in the position of needing to repatriate people in any case."[68] Similarities were noted about Shapps' subsequent speech in the House of Commons on the matter and the one made by previous Transport Secretary Chris Grayling on the collapse of Monarch Airlines.[69]

In October 2019, Shapps, a keen pilot, wrote to the Civil Aviation Authority urging it to prioritise the protection of aerodromes and cut red tape for pilots. He was accused of "putting his hobbyhorse aviation ahead of the greater good" at a time when the CAA was involved in Brexit planning, Heathrow expansion and dealing with the collapse of Thomas Cook Group.[70] He was later accused of undermining the CAA by registering his private, UK-based plane in the USA instead of UK, while Transport Secretary.[70]

In the February 2020 cabinet reshuffle he retained this portfolio.[71]

In May 2020, Shapps unveiled investment in cycle lanes totalling £250 million and plans for e-scooters to be trialled on British roads.[72]

In November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Shapps said that if a pay freeze was imposed on public sector workers, he would not take an MP pay rise and would donate the money to charity.

In May 2008, Shapps was cited as one of several shadow ministers who had received cash from firms linked to their portfolios. The donors were originally recruited by Michael Gove who previously held the shadow housing portfolio.[73] The Conservative party said shadow ministers had not been influenced by donations. "Some Conservative policy on housing is actually against the policy of the donors", said a Conservative spokesman.[74] Shadow ministers are allowed to receive donations from organisations covered by their brief as long as the person has a company in the UK or lives in the UK.[74] The Commissioner exonerated all shadow cabinet members involved.[75]

Shapps's use of the names Michael Green, Corinne Stockheath and Sebastian Fox attracted controversy in 2012. He denied having used a pseudonym after entering parliament and, in 2014, threatened legal action against a constituent who had stated on Facebook that he had. In February 2015 he told LBC Radio presenter Shelagh Fogarty, "Let me get this absolutely clear ... I don't have a second job and have never had a second job while being an MP. End of story."[76]

However, in March 2015, Shapps admitted to having had a second job whilst being an MP, and practising business under a pseudonym.[77][78] In his admission, he stated that he had "over-firmly denied" having a second job.[79] Under the name Michael Green, Shapps had offered customers a "get-rich-quick scheme" costing $497, and promised customers a "toolkit" that would earn them $20,000 in 20 days, provided they followed its instructions.[80] In March 2015, Dean Archer, the constituent previously threatened with legal action by Shapps, threatened Shapps with legal action.[81][82]

In 2012 the Guardian reported that Shapps's English Wikipedia article had been edited from his office to remove embarrassing information and correct an error.[83][84][85] Shapps stated that he only edited to make it more accurate.[86] During the 2015 general election campaign, The Guardian reported allegations by a Wikipedia administrator that Shapps had used a sockpuppet account, Contribsx, to remove embarrassing material from his own English Wikipedia page and make "largely unflattering" edits to articles about other politicians, including some in his own party.[87][88]

Shapps denied the allegations;[89] the Telegraph claimed his accuser was a "Liberal Democrat activist".[90] English Wikipedia's Arbitration Committee found there was "no significant evidence" to link the Contribsx account to Shapps. The elected committee censured the administrator responsible for the allegation; for causing the investigation; for making false allegations to The Guardian; and for blocking the Contribsx account. Another administrator removed the block placed on the account.[91]

In August 2018, the Financial Times reported[92] that it had discovered a "secret pay deal" between Shapps and OpenBrix, a British blockchain property portal company. The story alleged that Shapps would have received a payment in cryptocurrency tokens with a future value of up to £700,000. Shapps resigned from OpenBrix and from his position as chairman of the all-party parliamentary group on blockchain which he had founded. Subsequently, Jo Platt, an opposition politician, called for an enquiry into Shapps' conduct, although Shapps maintained that he had confirmed with the standards commissioner that he was not required to register the interest, and that he had recorded the conversation with the relevant official.[93]