Arms Act, 1959

The act is divided into six chapters.[2]

• Chapter I: Parliamentary

  Provides a short title and definitions of terms used in the act

• Chapter II: Acquisition, Possession, Manufacture, Sale, Import, Export, and Transport of Arms and Ammunition

  Explains rules and regulations around acquisition, possession, manufacture, sale, import, export and transport of arms and ammunition in India.

• Chapter III: Provisions relating to licences

  Details how to procure license, rules around grant, refusal, fees for license.

• Chapter IV: Powers and Procedure

  Provides details on the powers that the government officials have to enforce this act.

• Chapter V: Offences and penalties

  Explains punishments associated with breaking rules related to this act.

• Chapter VI: Miscellaneous

  Deals with the other miscellaneous parts of the act such as exemptions.

The Act has undergone many changes since 1959, the most recent being in 2010 through an amendment for the Arms Act.[3] There was also controversy around air guns to be included as part of this act which was rejected by the Supreme Court of India.[4]

The Indian Arms Act, 1878 was an act regulating the manufacture, sale, possession, and carry of firearms.

Prior to the Indian First War Of Independence in 1857, there were few gun control laws in India.[5]

The act included the mandatory licensing to carry a weapon, but contained exclusions for some groups and persons, for instance "all persons of Kodava (Coorg) race".[6]

In a 1918 recruitment leaflet for World War I, Gandhi voiced disapproval of the act:[7]

“Among the many misdeeds of the British rule in India, history will look upon the Act depriving a whole nation of arms as the blackest. If we want the Arms Act to be repealed, if we want to learn the use of arms, here is a golden opportunity. If the middle classes render voluntary help to Government in the hour of its trial, distrust will disappear, and the ban on possessing arms will be withdrawn.”

In The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India, scholar David Arnold examines the effect of the British Raj on Indian weapons, mining and metallurgy:[8]

The British were aware of the part metal-working had played in supporting indigenous powers in the past through the production of arms and ammunition, and, just as they introduced an Arms Act in 1878 to restrict Indian access to firearms, so they sought to limit India’s ability to mine and work metals that might sustain it in future wars and rebellions. This was especially the case with Rajasthan, a region rich in metals. In the 1820s James Tod identified the ‘mines of Mewar’ as one of the means that had enabled its masters ‘so long to struggle against superior power, and to raise those magnificent structures which would do honour to the most potent kingdoms of the west’. Indian skill in the difficult art of casting brass cannon had made Indian artillery a formidable adversary from the reign of Akbar to the Maratha and Sikh wars 300 years later. But by the early 19th century most of the mines in Rajasthan had been abandoned: the caste of miners was ‘extinct’.

• Gun law in India
• Anti-terrorism legislation
• Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002
• Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act