Bandar-e Anzali

Bandar-e Anzali (Persian: بندرانزلی‎, also Romanized as Bandar-e Anzalī; known as Bandar-e Pahlavi before the Iranian Revolution)[2] is a city of Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 144,664.[3]

"Enzeli" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Enzeli (horse).
Bandar-e Anzali

بندرانزلی
City
Bandar-e Anzali
Coordinates: 37°28′22″N 49°27′44″E
Country Iran
ProvinceGilan
CountyBandar-e Anzali
BakhshCentral District (Bandar-e Anzali City)
Government
 • MayorReza Pourshaaban
Population
 (2011 Census)
 • Total144,664 [1]
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Websitewww.anzali.ir
Anzali Lagoon on the Caspian Sea

Anzali is one of the most important cities in Iran in terms of tourism, economics, and athletics.[4][5][6] The city was home to the first and biggest port on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. Bandar-e Anzali consists of an island called Mianposhteh and the surrounding lands. Tourist attractions include a clock tower called Manareh, the long harbour promenade, and the water-logged delta and beach along the Sefid Rud.

History

Anzali is an old city in ancient Iran, they are related to Kadusin, owing to their pleasant relationship with Cyprus and their cooperation in battles, they changed their name to Anzan (Anshan-e Pars) "The Anshans of Persia", in which the Greeks called Anzaluy. This word in Middle Persian means Anzalag and the variant Persian form of it is Anzalazh. Anzali Gulf was a safe harbour for trade ships and fishing boats. It was renamed to Pahlavi in 1935.

In 1919, with the collapse of General Anton Denikin's White Russian army, eighteen of his ships sought refuge in Anzali. On 18 May 1920, a Soviet flotilla of thirteen ships launched a surprise attack on Anzali, capturing the British garrison and the eighteen White Russian ships. This allowed for the establishment of the short-lived Persian Socialist Republic and the Persian Communist Party. Soviet authorities denied responsibility for the attack, blaming the local Russian naval commander for attacking under his own authority.[7]

Its wonderful lagoon, Customs and City Hall edifice (Shahrdari), Mian Poshte Palace and Motamedi Edifice, are its tourist attractions. Until 1980, when it was moved to Noshahr, Anzali was the site of the Caspian University of Naval Science. The structure Of Naser-al-din Shah Place which was built by Moayer-ol-mamalekk and its famous Sangi Bath was destroyed by people and natural factors.

A wonder of Sangi Bath was the system of heating and durability water in its basins. Some groups think that Motamedi edifice had been changed; it is now its police office. This Ghajar Structure built in two floors with the help of Mirza Abd-ol-Vahab.[8]

Geography
Tovoos Tower, the tallest tower in Bandar-e Anzali

The Anzali Lagoon divides the Anzali Port in two parts. The city is connected by two bridges to the Beheshti Island. There is a caviar processing factory in Bandar-e Anzali, some old ruins from 19th century and the popular Shanbeh Bazaar. Tourbebar is a village about 40 kilometers from Bandar-e Anzali, near the Anzali Lagoon.

People

In the past, citizens of Anzali were mostly involved in the fish trade. Rice farming and agriculture are the other traditional jobs in Anzali, and are practiced in the villages surrounding the city. The majority of Anzalichi's are adherents of the Shia Islam sect, although there is a sizeable Armenian Christian minority.

The people of Anzali speak Gilaki as the maternal language and Persian as the national language.[9]

Climate

Bandar-e Anzali has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). It has the most humid climate of any city in Iran, having a climate somewhat similar in its heavy autumn and early winter rainfall, persistent high humidity and low sunshine to the Sea of Japan coast of Japan, though it receives much less summer rainfall than that region. The warm and humid weather has allowed this region to grow crops such as rice and tea that require very large amounts of moisture, especially with the extra water draining from the Elburz Mountains.

Climate data for Bandar-e Anzali
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29
(84)		 31
(88)		 33
(91)		 36
(97)		 36
(97)		 35
(95)		 37
(99)		 36
(97)		 33
(91)		 37
(99)		 34
(93)		 31
(88)		 37
(99)
Average high °C (°F) 10.1
(50.2)		 9.8
(49.6)		 11.2
(52.2)		 16.2
(61.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 26.6
(79.9)		 29.4
(84.9)		 29.2
(84.6)		 25.7
(78.3)		 21.2
(70.2)		 16.5
(61.7)		 12.6
(54.7)		 19.2
(66.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3)		 7.1
(44.8)		 8.9
(48.0)		 13.5
(56.3)		 18.9
(66.0)		 23.3
(73.9)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.7
(78.3)		 22.1
(71.8)		 18.2
(64.8)		 13.5
(56.3)		 9.7
(49.5)		 16.2
(61.1)
Average low °C (°F) 4.6
(40.3)		 4.4
(39.9)		 6.3
(43.3)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.9
(60.6)		 20.0
(68.0)		 22.4
(72.3)		 22.2
(72.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 15.1
(59.2)		 10.5
(50.9)		 6.7
(44.1)		 13.2
(55.7)
Record low °C (°F) −7
(19)		 −4
(25)		 −4
(25)		 −1
(30)		 6
(43)		 10
(50)		 15
(59)		 16
(61)		 11
(52)		 6.6
(43.9)		 0
(32)		 −4
(25)		 −7
(19)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 167.9
(6.61)		 122.7
(4.83)		 115.1
(4.53)		 58.1
(2.29)		 49.0
(1.93)		 53.8
(2.12)		 46.2
(1.82)		 115.0
(4.53)		 273.1
(10.75)		 332.0
(13.07)		 306.1
(12.05)		 214.5
(8.44)		 1,853.5
(72.97)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 11.5 10.3 11.4 7.6 6.7 4.2 3.7 6.7 11.0 12.6 12.4 11.8 109.9
Average relative humidity (%) 86 86 88 86 83 79 76 79 85 87 87 86 84
Mean monthly sunshine hours 90.8 90.2 95.4 136.0 201.4 246.0 256.8 211.9 159.0 122.6 97.3 90.0 1,797.4
Source: Synoptic Stations Statistics

Caviar

Bandar-e Anzali is a center of caviar production. The preparation and marketing of which is a state monopoly, handled through the Iranian Fishing Company under the control of the Finance Ministry. The public is not admitted to the immense refrigerated hangars where tons of sturgeons, some as large as 3 meters long and weighing 100 kilograms, are stored after the removal of the caviar, usually equivalent to about one tenth of their weight.

Sports

The most popular sport in Anzali is football, and the city is known as a football hub in Iran. Malavan, one of the most famous teams in Iran, is the main team of the city, and they currently play in the second tier Azadegan League. Current and former national team player such as Sirous Ghayeghran, Saeid Ezatolahi, Mohammad Mayeli Kohan, Jalal Hosseini, Maziar Zare, Mohammad Gholami, Jalal Rafkhaei, and Sosha Makani have come from Anzali.

  • Bandar-e Anzali Blvd.
  • A walkway in Anzali
  • City Hall Of Bandar-e Anzali
  • Destructed pavilion of Anzali
  • Russian ships docking in Bandar-e Anzali harbour
  • The harbour of Bandar-e Anzali
  • Coast of Bandar-e Anzali
  • Colorful houses in Anzali
  • The first newspaper agency in Anzali
  • GhalamGoodeh Bridge in Anzali
  • Anzali port docks

References
  1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2018-10-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Bandar-e Anzali can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3055109" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2018-10-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. http://ilna.ir/news/news?id=9047%5B%5D
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2018-10-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-09-03. Retrieved 2018-10-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. A Peace to End All Peace, David Fromkin, 1989, pp.458-459.
  8. "انزلی کلاب". انزلی کلاب. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  9. Bazin, Marcel (1986). "ANZALĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2. pp. 143–145.
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