Battipaglia

Formerly part of the ancient Greek colonies of the Magna Graecia, the municipal area, as well as most of the southern Tyrrhenian coast, was the site of strategic Roman settlements during the late Republican-early Imperial times. Archaeological excavations have brought to light several finds probably dating back to as early as the 3rd century BC, pertaining to at least two villas. One of those was located in the immediate vicinity of the sea, part of a larger thermal complex. The other was positioned internally and likely served as a productive belt between cereal crops in the plain, and olive crops and vineyards up on the hill.[3]

The area was first given its modern name in 1080, when Robert Guiscard confirmed to the Catholic Church of Salerno the possession of lands between the Sele river and the Tusciano river. It is generally believed that the name Battipaglia is formed by the union of the words batti (to thresh) and paglia (to straw), owing to the activity of peasants in the past. However, some scholars have hypothesized that the name could have originated from Baptipalla, indicating a place devoted to Voltumna, a chthonic Etruscan deity.[4]

Battipaglia as a definite townishp was formally created by Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies in 1858, as the Bourbon authorities chose the place as the site of an agricultural colony where families who had survived the 1857 Basilicata earthquake could be rehoused. It was eventually granted the status of independent municipality by a Royal Decree on March 28, 1929 (during the Mussolini Cabinet), comprising parts of the territories which had been previously included in the nearby towns of Eboli and Montecorvino Rovella.[5]

In 1943, during World War II, the town suffered heavy bombing by Allied air force, resulting in 117 civilian casualties. Although most of the town had been razed to the ground,[6] in the aftermath of the conflict Battipaglia would be rebuilt remarkably quickly, even attracting migrants from the hinterland seeking work. The town thus experienced an outstanding increase in population between 1951 and 1960, turning into a dynamic industrial area. In 1953, Battipaglia went under the media spotlight as its socialist mayor, Lorenzo Rago, was kidnapped and never found again.[7]

Rail blockade during the 1969 demonstrations

In 1969, due to the scheduled shutdown of two large sugar and tobacco processing factories — both employing a significant number of locals — thousands of Battipagliesi carried out widespread riots, which would be calmed down few days later following the Italian government's commitment to keep both operational. The few but intense days of social unrest — which took place in the context of a wider protest movement by students and workers in Italy and several other Western countries — eventually resulted in two fatalities.[8]

Since the late 20th and early 21st century, the agricultural sector has been joined by the industrial one, several companies having established factories in the city.[9]

The municipality borders with Bellizzi, Eboli, Montecorvino Rovella, Olevano sul Tusciano and Pontecagnano Faiano.[10] Its hamlets (frazioni) are Aversana, Belvedere, Fasanara, Lago, Padova, San Emilio, Santa Lucia Inferiore, Spineta, Tavernola, Verdesca, and Vivai.[11]

Most of the town's wealth is due to the industrial, craft, and agricultural sectors.

A plant of Fiaschello Battipagliese

A large number of local dairy companies produce the well-known local buffalo mozzarella (Mozzarella di bufala campana DOP), a famous form of which is called zizzona di Battipaglia (Battipaglia boob) because of its similarity to a female breast.[12]

In addition to that, Battipaglia is a production area of Carciofo di Paestum (Paestum artichoke) IGP, annurca IGP, and tomato Fiaschello.

Among the most significant companies which established factories in Battipaglia are: Bonduelle (food), Prysmian (telecommunications cables), Sivam (animal husbandry), Cooper Standard Automotive (car parts), Nexans (electric cables), Crown, Deriblok (packaging), and Jcoplastic (plastic).

Every first Sunday of July the town's center is decked to the nines for three days on the occasion of the celebrating of Our Lady of Hope (Festa della Speranza). The big town market, whose atmosphere recalls an amusement park where traders can display their wares, lasts from Saturday to Monday, usually ending with a music exhibition in the central Piazza Amendola.[13]

• L. Rocco Carbone, Battipaglia, 70 anni nella sua storia, Massa Editore (1999).

• A.S.D. Battipagliese

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battipaglia.

• (in Italian) Battipaglia official website
• (in Italian) Battipaglia Online website