Bayou

In usage in the Southern United States, a bayou (/ˈbaɪ.uː, ˈbaɪ.oʊ/)[1] is a body of water typically found in a flat, low-lying area, and may refer to an extremely slow-moving stream or river (often with a poorly defined shoreline), a marshy lake or wetland or a creek whose current reverses daily due to tides, and which contains brackish water highly conducive to fish life and plankton. Bayous are commonly found in the Gulf Coast region of the southern United States, notably the Mississippi River Delta, with the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas being famous for them. A bayou is frequently an anabranch or minor braid of a braided channel that is moving much slower than the mainstem, often becoming boggy and stagnant. Though fauna varies by region, many bayous are home to crawfish, certain species of shrimp, other shellfish, catfish, frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, American alligators, American crocodiles, herons, lizards, turtles, tortoises, spoonbills, snakes, leeches, and many other species.

For other uses, see Bayou (disambiguation).
Bayou Corne in Louisiana, October 2010

Etymology

The word entered American English via Louisiana French in Louisiana and is thought to originate from the Choctaw word bayuk, which means "small stream".[2] The first settlements of Bayou Têche and other bayous were founded by the Louisiana Creoles, and that is why the bayous are commonly associated with Creole and Cajun culture.

Alternative spelling, "buyou", is also known to have been formerly in use, as in "Pine Buyou", used in a description by Congress in 1833 of Arkansas Territory.

Geography

The term Bayou Country is most closely associated with Cajun and Creole cultural groups derived from French settlers and stretching along the Gulf Coast from Houston, Texas, to Mobile, Alabama, and picking back up in South Florida around the Everglades with its center in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Houston has the nickname "Bayou City". As of 2016 "bye-you" is the most common pronunciation, while a few use "bye-oh", although that pronunciation is declining.[3]

Other uses

The Illinois Bayou in Arkansas harks back to the original meaning and may be the only bayou with whitewater rafting.[4][5][6] It meets neither of the definitions above.

Notable examples

See also
  • Backswamp – Environment on a floodplain where deposits settle after a flood
  • Billabong – Australian term for a seasonal oxbow lake
  • Hurricane on the Bayou – 2006 documentary film by Greg MacGillivray
  • Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake formed by a cut-off meander of a river
  • Yazoo stream – Hydrologic term
  • Bayeux – Subprefecture and commune in Normandy, France

References
  1. "bayou". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  2. Online Etymology Dictionary, Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 9th edition
  3. Shilcutt, Katharine (2016-10-24). "What's a Bayou Anyway?". Houstonia. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  4. Illinois Bayou
  5. Southwest Paddler
  6. US vs. Daniel Lewis Lee
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