Central and Western District

The Central and Western District (Chinese: 中西區; Cantonese Yale: Jūngsāi Kēui) located on northwestern part of Hong Kong Island is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. It had a population of 243,266 in 2016. The district has the most educated residents with the second highest income and the third lowest population due to its relatively small size.

Not to be confused with West Central District of Tainan, also named 中西區 in Chinese.

Central and Western

中西區
District
Central and Western District
Day view of the Central and Western District skyline
Location within Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°17′12″N 114°09′18″E
Country People's Republic of China
Special Administrative Region Hong Kong
DivisionHong Kong Island
Government
 • District OfficerMr Leung Chi-Ki, JP[1]
 • District Council ChairwomanMrs Cheng Lai-King
 • District Council Vice-ChairmanMr Yeung Sui-Yin,Victor
Area
 • Total12.52 km2 (4.83 sq mi)
 • Land12.40 km2 (4.79 sq mi)
 • Water.12 km2 (0.05 sq mi)  1%
Population
 (2016)
 • Total243,266[2]
Time zoneUTC+8 (Hong Kong Time)
Largest neighbourhood by populationKennedy Town (62,272 – 2016 est)[3]
WebsiteCentral and Western District
Central and Western District
Traditional Chinese中西區
Simplified Chinese中西区
JyutpingZung1 sai1 keoi1
Literal meaningCentral Western District

Central is the central business district and the core urban area of Hong Kong. Western District covers Shek Tong Tsui, Kennedy Town, Sai Ying Pun, parts of Lung Fu Shan. The district was part of City of Victoria, the earliest urban settlement in colonial Hong Kong.

History

Central District, as Victoria City, was the first area of planned urban development in Hong Kong during the colonial era. The British held a land sale in June 1841, six months after the flag was raised at Possession Point. A total of 51 lots of land were sold to 23 merchant houses to build offices and warehouses. The property buyers included Dent's, Jardine's, Russell's and Olyphant's. At the time, the two roads Albany Nullah (now Garden Road) and Glenealy Nullah (now Glenealy) were mainly used by the British. The streets later became known as Government Hill.[4]

In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts. Those located in present-day Central and Western are: Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan, Central. The area was essentially a European area until 1860 when Chinese merchants begin buying up European properties around Cochrane, Wellington and Pottinger Streets. The Central district was the principal European business district, hence the arrival of the first major bank HSBC. The Western district was the commercial centre for Chinese businesses. When property values in the district rose, a meeting was held in February 1866 to establish a "District Watch Force" to police and protect this specific area.[5]

In 1880, Shek Tong Tsui was established, followed by Kennedy Town in the 20th century. By the 1890s the majority of Hong Kong's population was concentrated in the district with about 200,000 residents, mostly in Victoria City.[6]

Politics
Corner of Pedder Street and Des Voeux Road Central, in Central.

District councils in Hong Kong are primarily consultative bodies of the HKSAR government with very limited powers, primarily restricted to building and maintaining parks, open areas, recreational and cultural activities and tourist promotion. The corresponding body for the district is Central and Western District Council.

District council elections are held every four years; the last one was held on 24 November 2019, for terms beginning 1 January 2020. Fifteen constituency members are elected while four are appointed by the government. The constituency areas are smaller than the commonly used geographic areas, which are in turn based on the old 1857 and 1880 divisions.

See also: 2019 Hong Kong local elections

Demographics

In Hong Kong's 2011 Census the district population was 251,519, down four percent from 261,884 in the 2001 census, and with an average of 2.7 people for each of the 89,529 households. Among the 18 districts, Central and Western has the second highest median household income in the territory (behind only Wan Chai District). In terms of average size of households, it is third smallest at 2.8 persons, behind only Wan Chai and Yau Tsim Mong District, at 2.7 each.

In 2016 census, the district population was slightly reduced to 243,266 or down 3% from 2011. [7]

Central and Western District has a relatively ethnically diverse population. 83% of the district's residents are Chinese, and the largest ethnic groups are Filipinos (6%) and white people (5%). 72% of the district's residents speak Cantonese as their primary language, while 14% use English and 3% use Mandarin.[8]

Geography and political subdivisions

The district is located at 22°17′00″N 114°09′00″E, based on the location of the General Post Office in Central. With an area of 12.4 km2 (4.8 sq mi), the district occupies the northwestern portion of Hong Kong Island. It is surrounded by Wan Chai District on the east, Southern District on the south, and Victoria harbour in the north. The district also encompasses Green Island and Little Green Island, two uninhabited islands to the west of Hong Kong Island.

Areas from west to east along Victoria Harbour are: Kennedy Town, Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Central, Admiralty and other localities.

Neighbourhoods within the district are listed from east to west.

Admiralty

Central
Main article: Central, Hong Kong

Central is the business centre of Hong Kong, and many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters there. Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters, is also in Central.

Central mid-levels escalator
Central-Mid-Levels escalator, passing through Soho at Elgin Street
Main article: Central-Mid-Levels escalator

The Central-Mid-levels escalator in Hong Kong is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world. The system is 800 metres (2,600 ft) long, connecting Des Voeux Road Central, in Central with Conduit Road in the Mid-levels, passing through narrow streets in Soho.

The escalator runs downhill from 6 am to 10 am and uphill from 10:20 am to 12:00 am (midnight) every day. Apart from its significance in transport linkage, it is also a tourist attraction, with many restaurants, bars, and shops lining its route.

Bank of China Tower
Main article: Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong

The Bank of China Tower in Central houses the headquarters of BOCHK. Designed by I. M. Pei, the 70 storey building's height is 315 metres (1,033 ft) with two masts reaching 369 metres (226 ft). Construction began in 1985 and the building was completed in 1989. It was the first building outside the United States to exceed 1,000 feet (300 m) and to exceed 300 metres (980 ft). It was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1989 to 1992, when the nearby, taller Central Plaza was completed.

City Hall
Main article: City Hall, Hong Kong

Built in 1962, the City Hall complex housed the old central library of Hong Kong, as well as concert halls, restaurants and a marriage registry. The conference room of the former Urban Council was also at the lower building of the City Hall.

The garden at the north-western side of the complex includes a memorial to those killed in Hong Kong during World War II.

Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building


Main article: Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building

The funnel-shaped Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building (formerly, and still commonly known as the Prince of Wales Building) housed the headquarters of the British garrison in Hong Kong until the territory's handover to the People's Republic of China on 30 June 1997. It now houses the local garrison of the People's Liberation Army and is formally known as Central Barracks, in line with PLA convention for naming barracks after the name of the locality.

Other landmarks
The headquarters of HSBC is a landmark in the Central and Western District of Hong Kong

Mid-levels

Sai Ying Pun

Sheung Wan

Secondary schools

Arranged by alphabetical order of their full names in each category.

Government-administered schools

Aided schools

Schools under Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS)

International schools

Vocational and night schools (privately funded)

Tertiary institutions

Primary schools

Arranged by alphabetical order of their full names in each category.

  • Bonham Road Government Primary School
  • Carmel School, Hong Kong
  • Catholic Mission School
  • Central and Western District St. Anthony's School
  • Chiu Sheung School, Hong Kong
  • German Swiss International School
  • Glenealy School - an English Schools Foundation school
  • The Harbour School
  • Hong Kong Academy
  • Island Christian Academy
  • Kau Yan School
  • King's College Old Boys' Association Primary School
  • King's College Old Boys' Association Primary School No.2
  • Li Sing Primary School
  • North Point Government Primary School (Cloud View Road)
  • Peak School - an English Schools Foundation school
  • Sacred Heart Canossian School
  • Sacred Heart Canossian School, Private Section
  • San Wui Commercial Society School
  • Sheng Kung Hui Kei Yan Primary School
  • Sheng Kung Hui Lui Ming Choi Memorial Primary School
  • Sheng Kung Hui St. Matthew's Primary School
  • Sheng Kung Hui St. Peter's Primary School
  • St. Anthony's School, Hong Kong
  • St. Charles School
  • St. Clare's Primary School
  • St. Louis School (Primary Section)
  • St. Stephen's Girls' Primary School
  • St. Paul's Primary School

Transport

Major roads that serves the area include:

Public transport
Hong Kong Tramways
Peak Tram
MTR
(franchised) bus
  • New World First Bus: 2, 3A, 4, 4X, 13, 15, 15A, 15B, 15C, 18, 18P, 23, 23A, 23B, 25, 26, 30X, 43X, 46X, 66, 91, 93, 93A, 94, 94X, 590, 590A, 720, 720A, 720P, 722
  • Citybus: 1, 3B, 5, 5B, 5C, 5P, 5S, 5X, 6, 6A, 6X, 7, 10, 10S, 11, 12, 12A, 12M, 37A, 37B, 37X, 40, 40M, 40P, 43M, 70, 70P, 71, 71P, 75, 90, 90B, 90C, 93C, 97, 260, 347, 511, 629, 629A, 780, 780P, 788, 789, N8X, N90, A10, A11, A12, E11, N11
  • Harbour-crossing routes : 101, 103, 104, 109, 111, 111P, 113, 115, 115P, 182, 182P, 301, 302, 305, 307, 373, 601, 601P, 603, 603P, 603S, 619, 619P, 619X, 680, 680A, 680P, 680X, 681, 681P, 690, 690P, 692, 692P, 904, 905, 914, 914X, 930, 930A, 934, 934A, 935, 936, 948, 948P, 960, 960A, 960B, 960P, 960S, 961, 962, 962A, 962A, 962B, 962C, 962P, 962S, 962X, X962, 967, 967X, 968, 969, 969A, 969B, 969C, 970, 970X, 971, 973, 973P, 978, 978A, 978B, N121, N182, N368, N619, N680, N691

See also

References
  1. Home Affairs Dept, Welcome page for Central and Western District, Retrieved 2018-05-25
  2. Population by District Council District and Year, 2016 By-census, Retrieved 2018-05-25
  3. District Profiles, Hong Kong Government, 8 December 2017, retrieved 15 April 2020
  4. Wordie, Jason (2002). Streets: Exploring Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-563-1.
  5. Tsai Jung-fang. [1995] (1995). Hong Kong in Chinese History: community and social unrest in the British Colony, 1842-1913. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07933-8
  6. Sanderson, Edgar (1897–1898). The British Empire in the nineteenth century: its progress and expansion at home and abroad. IV. London: Blackie and Son. p. 339. LCCN 02002538. OCLC 11625716.
  7. 2016 census by district, table A201a, Retrieved 2018-05-26
  8. 2011 Population Census - Fact Sheet for Central and Western District Council District, Hong Kong Census
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