Chaleur Bay

Chaleur Bay, also Chaleurs bay, baie of Chaleur[1][2] (in French, Baie des Chaleurs[3]) is an arm of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence located between Quebec and New Brunswick, Canada.[3]

For the bay in Newfoundland and Labrador, see Chaleur Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador).
Satellite image of Chaleur Bay (NASA). Chaleur Bay is the large bay in the centre of the image; the Gaspé Peninsula is to the north and the Gulf of St. Lawrence is seen to the east.

The name of the bay is attributed to explorer Jacques Cartier (Baie des Chaleurs). It translates into English as "bay of warmth" or "bay of torrid weather".

Chaleur Bay is the 31st member of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World Club.[4][5]

Chaleur Bay is host to an unusual visual phenomenon, the Fireship of Chaleur Bay, an apparition of sorts resembling a ship on fire which has reportedly appeared at several locations in the bay. It is possibly linked to similar sightings several hundred kilometres to the south where the Fireship of Northumberland Strait has been seen in the Northumberland Strait. This may have given rise to a phantom ship legend, which dates back more than two centuries. The story (and witnesses) claim that a sailing ship burned in the waters north of the city of Campbellton, New Brunswick on the Restigouche River, possibly from the Battle of the Restigouche, and is visible in certain weather and light conditions. A drawing of a ghost wielding an anchor and menacing two sailors can be seen on the city's welcome sign.

Geography
View of Chaleur Bay from Carleton-sur-mer, Quebec
See also: New Brunswick Route 134

Chaleur Bay opens to the east with its southern shore formed by the north shore of New Brunswick. The northern shore is formed by the south shore of the Gaspé Peninsula. The bay measures approximately 50 km (27 nmi) in width at its widest point between Bathurst and New Carlisle. The western end of the bay transitions into the estuary of the Restigouche River at Dalhousie, New Brunswick.

The mouth of the bay is delineated by a line running from "Haut-fond Leander" near Grande-Rivière, Quebec in the north and the "Miscou Shoals" near Miscou Island, New Brunswick in the south.

Canadian Hydrographic Service chart number 4486 is the bathymetric navigational data repository for the area.[6]

Beaches

The shores of Chaleur Bay include numerous beaches, particularly on the southern shore. Many rivers also form barachois or barrier beaches. Incorrectly claimed by locals as the world's second longest natural sand bar, the Eel River Bar, is a barrier beach located at the mouth of the Eel River immediately west of the village of Charlo, New Brunswick. This sand bar is unique not only because it has fresh water on one side and salt water on the next, but because it is home to the endangered piping plover.

Tourism in the region has been driven in the summer months by users of the bay's beaches. The warm ocean currents that enter the bay from the larger Gulf of St. Lawrence result in some of the warmest saltwater on the Atlantic coast north of the state of Virginia.

Rivers
Chaleur Bay at New Richmond, Quebec

The estuaries of various rivers emptying into the bay create a prominent smell of salt water, notably in the estuary of the Restigouche River.

The following major rivers flow into the bay:

Quebec:

New Brunswick (from north to south):

Between Quebec and New Brunswick:

The Restigouche Estuary was designated (June, 2000) an Important Bird Area of International Significance (the first in New Brunswick) because it is the largest staging area in eastern North America for Black scoter.

Islands

Chaleur Bay has several islands. Although not entirely located within the bay, the northern shores of Miscou Island and Lameque Island form part of the southern shore of the bay. Heron Island lies near Dalhousie, New Brunswick and is located south of Carleton-sur-Mer, Quebec.

Climate

The bay's shape and the steep cliffs along its northern shore sometimes create particularly windy conditions especially off Nepisiguit Bay. Under the right wind direction and speed, sea conditions on large areas of the bay can become quite treacherous. Tidal currents are generally weak, except at the mouths of some rivers and certain channels.[7] Its configuration tends to channel the wind for two reasons: the steep cliffs on its North side, and its V shape. This means that in the middle of this section, off Nepisiguit Bay, there is a zone that is particularly windy and subject to high seas if the wind is from the Northwest or the Northeast.

Tidal currents in this section rarely reach one knot, except at the mouths of some rivers and some channels.[8]

History

Immigration from Arran Island, Scotland: Bryce's The Geology of Arran 1855 notes: "Many years ago, a large population, the largest then collected in any one spot in [the island of] Arran, inhabited [Sannox] glen, and gained a scanty subsistence by fishing and by cultivating fertile plots on the sunny hill-sides. In 1832, the whole of the families amounting to 500 persons, were obliged [in the Scottish Highland Clearances] to leave the island, but were furnished with the means of reaching New Brunswick. They formed a settlement at Chaleur Bay, which became very prosperous".

The eastern end of Chaleur Bay was the site of the Royal Canadian Navy's Operation Pointe Maisonnette in September 1943, during the Battle of the St. Lawrence.[9]

Fauna

Chaleur Bay is home to a variety of marine life including numerous species of ground fish and shellfish such as lobster and scallops.

Additionally, many of the bay's pristine rivers support some of the largest wild Atlantic Salmon remaining in the north Atlantic Ocean, creating a haven for sport angling.

While whale watching including endangered targets such as Fin whales are popular attractions in the bay, North Atlantic right whales, one of the rarest whales and had been considered to be rare in Gulf of Saint Lawrence region, were recently confirmed to be present in Chaleur Bay more often in recent years.[10][11][12][13]

In literature

Chaleur Bay is mentioned in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, "Skipper Ireson's Ride." [14]

Notes
  1. Gouvernement du Canada, Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada (2009-10-08). "CHALEUR BAY [2 fiches] - TERMIUM Plus® — Recherche - TERMIUM Plus®". www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  2. also known informally in English as Bay of Chaleur due to the influence of its French translation
  3. "Names of pan-Canadian significance". Geographical Names Board of Canada. Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2013-11-05.
  4. "Www.World-Bays.Com - Le Club Des Plus Belles Baies Du Monde". Archived from the original on 2005-10-18. Retrieved 2005-10-27.
  5. Gagné, Gilles (2004). "Baie des Chaleurs now part of the Most Beautiful Bays in the World Club". www.gogaspe.com. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  6. "Paper charts". www.charts.gc.ca. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  7. Environment Canada - Meteorological Service - Baie des Chaleurs Archived September 28, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Gaspésie - Baie des Chaleurs" (PDF). Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  9. "Naval Museum of Quebec". Diffused Lighting and its use in the Chaleur Bay. Royal Canadian Navy. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  10. Andre Boily (6 January 2008). "Baleine noire". Retrieved 31 May 2019 – via YouTube.
  11. "Baleine noire". Baleines en direct. 6 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-02-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "Les baleines noires de retour dans le Saint-Laurent". TVA Nouvelles. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  14. John Greenleaf Whittier's poem: Skipper Ireson's Ride Archived 2012-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. Readbookonline.net. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.

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