Chełmek

Chełmek [ˈxɛu̯mɛk] is a town in Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland. In 1975–1998 it belonged to Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship. It has 9,073 inhabitants (data from 2006). Previously known for the Chełmek Shoe Factory, which until 1947 was part of Bata Shoes. During World War II, a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp was created in 1941 by Otto P. Klein in the northern sector of the town, housing overflow from Auschwitz.

Chełmek
Coat of arms
Chełmek
Coordinates: 50°7′N 19°15′E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lesser Poland
County	Oświęcim
Gmina	Chełmek
Government
• Mayor	Andrzej Saternus
Area
• Total	8.31 km2 (3.21 sq mi)
Population  (2006)
• Total	9,065
• Density	1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	32–660
Car plates	KOS
Website	http://www.chelmek.pl

Chełmek lies in the wetland area along the Przemsza river, at the foot of the Skała hill (293 meters above sea level). The town is surrounded by forests, and was first mentioned in 1414. In 1490, it belonged to a parish from Jaworzno, and until the first partition of Poland (1772, see Partitions of Poland), it was a small village, which belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, one of three voivodeships of Lesser Poland. In 1772 Chełmek was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, as part of Galicia. The village was located right on the border between Prussian Silesia, and Austrian Galicia, and in 1815, it became part of Chrzanów District of the Free City of Kraków. In November 1846, the Free City was annexed by Austria, and in 1856, rail line from Kraków to Vienna, via Chełmek was constructed. In the Second Polish Republic, Chełmek belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, and due to proximity of the Silesian border, its residents helped Silesian rebels (see Silesian Uprisings).

Until 1931, Chełmek remained a poor village, whose inhabitants would emigrate from it, seeking for work at local coal mines. In 1931, however, legendary Czech businessman Tomas Bata decided to acquire land in Chełmek, to build a shoe factory here, together with a settlement for workers. In five years, the population of the village doubled, a new church, kindergarten, schools and culture house were built. During World War II, Chełmek was annexed by the Third Reich. The Germans left the village on January 25, 1945, and soon after the war, the school and the 1920s iron bridge over the Przemsza were rebuilt. In 1947, the Bata Shoe Factory was nationalized, and in 1969 Chełmek received town charter.