Chendytes

Chendytes lawi is an extinct, goose-sized flightless seaduck, once common on the California coast, the California Channel Islands, and possibly southern Oregon. It lived in the Pleistocene and survived into the Holocene. It appears to have gone extinct at about 450–250 BCE.[2] IThe youngest direct radiocarbon date from a Chendytes bone fragment dates to 770–400 BCE and was found in an archeological site in Ventura County. Its remains have been found in fossil deposits and in early coastal archeological sites. Archeological data from coastal California show a record of human exploitation of Chendytes lawi for at least 8,000 years.[2] It was probably driven to extinction by hunting, animal predation, and loss of habitat. Chendytes bones have been identified in archaeological assemblages from 14 coastal sites, including two on San Miguel Island and 12 in mainland localities.[3] Hundreds of Chendytes bones and egg shells found in Pleistocene deposits on San Miguel Island have been interpreted as evidence that some of these island fossil localities were nesting colonies, one of which Guthrie dated to �12,000 14C years (�13,500–13,000 calendar years B.P.). [4]There is nothing in the North American archaeological record indicating a span of exploitation for any megafaunal genus remotely as long as that of Chendytes.[2]

Chendytes Temporal range: Late Pleistocene–0.0025 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chendytes lawi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Genus:	†Chendytes Miller, 1925
Species:	†C. lawi
Binomial name
†Chendytes lawi Miller, 1925[1]

Although originally thought to be a seaduck in the tribe Mergini, analysis of ancient DNA sequences suggests that it is a basal member and a sister to the clade of extant dabbling ducks in the tribe Anatini,[5] revealing an additional example of convergent evolution of characters related to feeding behavior among ducks.[6]

Head and beak morphology suggest C. lawi was an invertivore. Based on the large, robust morphology of the cervical vertebrae, skull, and bill, The C. lawi specialized on sessile invertebrates and the species likely possessed “a remarkable ability to wrench off invertebrate animals attached to hard substrate”.[5]