Cierva Autogiro Company

The Cierva Autogiro Company was a British firm established in 1926 to develop the autogyro. The company was set up to further the designs of Juan de la Cierva, a Spanish engineer and pilot, with the financial backing of James George Weir, a Scottish industrialist and aviator.

Cierva Autogiro Company, Ltd
TypeLimited company
IndustryAviation
Founded24 March 1926 (1926-03-24)
FounderJames George Weir
Defunct1975 (1975)
Headquarters
Hamble, Southampton (from 1946)
Key people
Juan de la Cierva

History

Cierva's first British-built autogyro was the C.8 design. It and some other designs were built in conjunction with Avro. The pre-war Cierva C.30 proved popular. Nearly 150 were built under licence in the United Kingdom (by Avro), in Germany (by Focke-Wulf), and in France (by Lioré-et-Olivier).

In 1936, Cierva was killed in the Croydon KLM airliner accident when the aircraft in which he was a passenger crashed after taking off in fog. From 1936 to 1939 James Allan Jamieson Bennett was Chief Technical Officer of the company. Dr. Bennett carried through with Cierva's intention to offer the Royal Navy a gyrodyne, which Cierva had argued would be simpler, more reliable and efficient than the proposed helicopter. Bennett's design, the C.41, was tendered to the Air Ministry (Specification S.22/38) but preliminary work was abandoned with the outbreak of World War II. Bennett joined Fairey Aviation in 1945, where he led the development of the Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne.

In 1943 the Aircraft Department of G & J Weir Ltd. was reconstituted as the Cierva Autogiro Company to develop helicopter designs for the Air Ministry. The post-war Cierva Air Horse was at the time (1948) the world's largest helicopter. The first prototype of the Air Horse crashed killing Alan Marsh, Cierva's manager and chief test pilot[note 1] John "Jeep" Cable,[note 2] Ministry of Supply Chief Helicopter Test Pilot, and J. K. Unsworth the Flight Engineer.[1] This led Weir to cease further investment in the company and its development contracts were transferred to Saunders-Roe.

Aircraft

British-built aircraft
  • Cierva C.8
  • Cierva C.9
  • Cierva C.10
  • Cierva C.12 (first flight 1929) - first autogyro with floats
  • Cierva C.13 - flying boat autogiro (project only)[2]
  • Cierva C.14
  • Cierva C.17
  • Cierva C.19
  • Cierva C.20 Focke-Wulf licence-built version of C.19
  • Cierva C.21 Lioré et Olivier licence-built version of C.19 (not built)
  • Cierva C.24
  • Cierva C.25
  • Cierva C.26 - twin-engine autogiro (project only); designation re-used for modified C.24[2]
  • Cierva C.29
  • Cierva C.30
  • Cierva C.32 - two-seat coupe autogiro (project only)[2]
  • Cierva C.33 - four seat autogiro based on the Avro Type 641 Commodore (project only)[3]
  • Cierva C.37 - twin engine, twin boom autogiro with 45-foot diameter rotor (project only)[4]
  • Cierva C.38
  • Cierva C.39 - two or three fleet spotter autogiro (project only)[2]
  • Cierva C.40
  • Cierva W.5 (first flight 1938) - 2-seater twin (outrigger) rotor helicopter with wooden frame; engine was a 50 hp 4-cylinder air-cooled Weir
  • Cierva W.6 (first flight 1939) - twin rotor helicopter, 200 hp de Havilland Gipsy, metal tube frame
  • Cierva W.9 (first flight 1945) - experimental helicopter to E.16/43, used blown air for torque control and direction, one built
  • Cierva W.11 Air Horse (first flight 1948) - heavy lift helicopter development of W.6 design, two built
  • Cierva CR Twin
  • Cierva W.14 Skeeter (first flight 1948) - from 1951 the Saunders-Roe Skeeter

Notes and references
Notes
  1. Marsh had been with Cierva since 1932 and had been its instructor at the autogyro flying school. During World War II he had flown autogyros for radar development
  2. Cable had learnt to fly under Marsh and had been a Cierva employee before world War II. During World War II, he had been commanding officer of the Research, Development and Training Unit for Rotary-Wing Aircraft.
Citations
  1. "Air Horse Tragedy" Flight 22 June 1950 p747
  2. https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/cierva-designations.13436/
  3. https://sites.google.com/site/stingrayslistofrotorcraft/avro-cierva-c33--type-665
  4. https://sites.google.com/site/stingrayslistofrotorcraft/avro-cierva-c37--type-668
Bibliography
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