City of Indianapolis v. Edmond

City of Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32 (2000), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States limited the power of law enforcement to conduct suspicionless searches, specifically, using drug-sniffing dogs at roadblocks.[1] Previous Supreme Court decisions had given the police power to create roadblocks for the purposes of border security,[2] and removing drunk drivers from the road.[3] This decision stated that the power was limited to situations in which the search was "designed to serve special needs, beyond the normal need for law enforcement."

City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued October 3, 2000 Decided November 28, 2000
Full case name	City of Indianapolis, et al. v. James Edmond, et al.
Citations	531 U.S. 32 (more) 121 S. Ct. 447; 148 L. Ed. 2d 333; 2000 U.S. LEXIS 8084; 69 U.S.L.W. 4009; 2000 Cal. Daily Op. Service 9549; 2000 Colo. J. C.A.R. 6401; 14 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 9
Case history
Prior	Edmond v. Goldsmith, 38 F. Supp. 2d 1016 (S.D. Ind. 1998), reversed, 183 F.3d 659 (7th Cir. 1999); cert. granted, 528 U.S. 1153 (2000).
Holding
Police may not conduct roadblocks "whose primary purpose is to detect evidence of ordinary criminal wrongdoing." Such roadblocks must have a specific primary purpose, such as keeping roadways safe from impaired drivers, or enforcing border security.
Court membership
Chief Justice William Rehnquist Associate Justices John P. Stevens · Sandra Day O'Connor Antonin Scalia · Anthony Kennedy David Souter · Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg · Stephen Breyer
Case opinions
Majority	O'Connor, joined by Stevens, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer
Dissent	Rehnquist, joined by Thomas; Scalia (only as to Part I)
Dissent	Thomas
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. IV

The Court drew a line on check point programs that followed Police v. Sitz,[3] "whose primary purpose" is "to detect evidence of ordinary criminal wrongdoing". The Court refused to "credit the 'general interest in crime control' as justification for a regime of suspicionless stops."

The opinion was delivered by Justice O'Connor, joined by Justices Stevens, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer.

Chief Justice Rehnquist delivered a dissenting opinion, in which Justice Thomas joined, and Justice Scalia joined as to part I.

Justice Thomas also filed a separate dissent.