Clare's Dragoons
The Clare's Regiment, later known as Clare's Dragoons, was initially named O'Brien's Regiment after its originator Daniel O'Brien, 3rd Viscount Clare raised a mounted dragoon regiment during the Jacobite war. When Clare's Dragoons left Limerick with the Flight of the Wild Geese they became a regiment of infantry. Clare's Dragoons remained loyal to the dethroned James II of England and fought against the army of William III of England, during the Williamite War in Ireland.
| Clare's Dragoons | |
|---|---|
| Active | 8 August 1674 (first regiment) 1696-1745 France |
| Allegiance | Charles II of England & France |
| Type | Infantry |
Clare's regiment's fate, the 5th Regiment of Foot
| Commanded by | appointed | regiment known as | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daniel O'Brian, Viscount Clare | Clare's Regiment of Foot | Irish regiment of the Dutch States Army | |
| Sir John Fenwick | Fenwick's Regiment of Foot | Dutch Service | |
| Henry Wisely or Wesley | Wisely's Regiment of Foot | Dutch Service | |
| Thomas Monk | Monk's Regiment of Foot | Dutch Service to 1685 | |
| Thomas Tollemache | Tollemache's Regiment of Foot | English Establishment from 1685 | |
| Edward Lloyd | Lloyd's Regiment of Foot | ||
| Thomas Fairfax | Fairfax's Regiment of Foot | ||
| Thomas Pearce | Pearce's Regiment of Foot | ||
| Sir John Cope | Cope's Regiment of Foot | ||
| Alexander Irvine | Irvine's Regiment of Foot |
On 1 July 1751 a royal warrant provided that in future regiments would not be known by their colonels' names, but by their "number or rank". Accordingly, Lieutenant-General Irvine's Regiment was redesignated as the 5th Regiment of Foot.
The Irish Brigade
The Irish Brigade was a brigade in the French army composed of Irish exiles. It was formed in May 1690 when five Jacobite regiments were sent from Ireland to France in return for a larger force of French infantry who were sent to fight in the Williamite war in Ireland. The Irish Brigade served as part of the French Army until 1792. These five Jacobite regiments, comprising about 5000 men, were named after their colonels: Lord Mountcashel, Butler, Feilding, O'Brien and Dillon. They were largely inexperienced and the French immediately disbanded Butler's and Feilding's, either incorporating their men into the remaining three regiments or sending them back to Ireland. The remaining three regiments, Mountcashel's, O'Brien's and Dillon's, formed the Irish Brigade which served the French during the remainder of the Nine Years War (1689–97).
The Wild Geese
Under the terms of the Treaty of Limerick signed in October 1691, which ended the war between King James II and VII and King William III in Ireland, a separate force of 12,000 Jacobites arrived in France in an event known as Flight of the Wild Geese. These were kept separate from the Irish Brigade and were formed into King James's own army in exile, albeit in the pay of France. Lord Dorrington's regiment, later Rooth or Roth, following the Treaty of Ryswick in 1698, was formed from the former 1st and 2nd battalions James II's Royal Irish Foot Guards formerly on the Irish establishment of Britain.
Irish regiment in French service
Le régiment de Clare was a French regiment of the Ancien Régime. It first entered service in France when it was shipped to France as part of a troop exchange in April 1690 during the Jacobite War forming part of Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel's Irish Brigade.
Évolution of the régiment
- 1696 : Created under Louis XIV with the name of régiment de Clare and known as the brigade irlandaise.
- 1706 : name changed to régiment O'Brien.
- 1720 : reverts to original name, régiment de Clare.
- 1775 : reformed and incorporated in the régiment de Berwick.
Note : another regiment, régiment de Bulkeley, briefly took the name of régiment de Clare between 1691 and 1693.
Wars and Battles
.
There were two Irish regiments in French service that bore at some time the name of Clare and of O'Brien. The original O'Brien's Regiment was placed on the French establishment in 1689, and after being renamed as Clare's Regiment in 1691 it was renamed again in 1694 as Lee's Regiment.
The second Clare's Regiment which was raised in 1696. This second regiment is the one referred to in the Clare's Dragoons song. This regiment too was briefly named O'Brien's Regiment. In 1775 this second Clare's Regiment was disbanded and its troops incorporated into Berwick's Regiment.
Clare's Dragoons (song)
‘Clare’s Dragoons’ survives today as the regimental march of the 27th Infantry Battalion of the Irish Defence Forces.
| "Clare's Dragoons" | |
|---|---|
| Song | |
| Songwriter(s) | Thomas Davis |
- When on Ramillies' bloody field,
- The baffled French were forced to yield,
- The victor Saxon backward reeled
- Before the charge of Clare's Dragoons.
- The Flags we conquered in that fray,
- Look lone in Ypres' choir, they say,
- We'll win them company to-day,
- Or bravely die like Clares Dragoons.
Chorus:
- Viva la for Ireland's wrong!
- Viva la, for Ireland's right!
- Viva la in battle throng,
- For a Spanish steed, and sabre bright!
- The brave old Lord died near the fight,
- But, for each drop he lost that night,
- A Saxon cavalier shall bite
- The dust before Lord Clare's Dragoons,
- For never when our spears were set
- And never, when our sabres met,
- Could we the Saxon soldiers get
- To stand the shock of Clare's Dragoons.
- Viva la, the New Brigade!
- Viva la, the Old One too!
- Viva la, the rose shall fade,
- And the shamrock shine forever new!
- Another Clare is here to lead,
- The worthy son of such a breed;
- The French expect some famous deed,
- When Clare leads on his bold Dragoons.
- Our Colonel comes from Brians race,
- His wounds are in his breast and face,
- The bearna baoghail is still his place,
- The foremost of his bold Dragoons.
- Viva la, the New Brigade!
- Viva la, the Old One too!
- Viva la, the rose shall fade,
- And the shamrock shine forever new!
- There's not a man in squadron here
- Was ever known to flinch or fear;
- Though first in charge and last in rere,
- Have ever been Lord Clare's Dragoons;
- But, see! We'll soon have work to do,
- To shame our boasts, or prove them true,
- For hither comes the English crew,
- To sweep away Lord Clare's Dragoons.
- Viva la for Ireland's wrong!
- Viva la, for Ireland's right!
- Viva la in battle throng,
- For a Spanish steed, and sabre bright!
- Oh! Comrades! Think how Ireland pines,
- Her exiled Lords, her rifled shrines,
- Her dearest hope, the ordered lines,
- And bursting charge of Clare's Dragoons,
- The fling your Green Flag to the sky,
- Be "Limerick!" your battle cry,
- And charge, till blood floats fetlock-high,
- Around the track of Clare's Dragoons!
- Viva la, the New Brigade!
- Viva la, the Old One too!
- Viva la, the rose shall fade,
- And the shamrock shine forever new!
- When, on Ramillies' bloody field,
- The baffled French were forced to yield,
- The victor Saxon backward reeled
- Before the charge of Clare's Dragoons.
- The flags we conquered in that fray,
- Look lone in Ypres' choir, they say,
- We'll win them company today,
- Or bravely die like Clare's Dragoons.
- Viva la, for Ireland's wrong!
- Viva la, for Ireland's right!
- Viva la, in battle throng,
- For a Spanish steed and sabre bright!
- Another Clare is here to lead,
- The worthy son of such a breed
- The French expect some famous deed,
- When Clare leads on his bold dragoons.
- Our colonel comes from Brian's race,
- His wounds are in his breast and face,
- The bearna baoghil is still his place,
- The foremost of his bold dragoon.
- Viva la, the new brigade!
- Viva la, the old one too!
- Viva la, the rose shall fade
- And the shamrock shine forever new!
- Oh! comrades, think how Ireland pines,
- Her exiled lords, her rifled shrines,
- Her dearest hope, the ordered lines,
- And bursting charge of Clare's Dragoons.
- Then fling your green flag to the sky,
- Be "Limerick!" your battle-cry,
- And charge, till blood floats fetlock-high
- Around the track of Clare's Dragoons.
- Viva la, the new brigade!
- Viva la, the old one too!
- Viva la, the rose shall fade
- And the shamrock shine forever new!
References
- Royal Warrant 1 July 1751 The National Archives, War Office: Entry Books of Warrants, Regulations and Precedents ref: WO 26 21. reprinted Edwards, T J (1953). Standards, Guidons and Colours of the Commonwealth Forces. Aldershot: Gale & Polden. pp. 194–200.
External links
- Stephen McGarry, Irish Brigades Abroad (Dublin, 2013).
- Régiment irlandais, Régiment de Clare, Régiment O'Brien