Cornulitida

Cornulitida is an extinct order of encrusting animals from the Tentaculita class, which were common around the globe in the Ordovician to Devonian oceans, and survived until the Carboniferous.[1] [2][3]

Cornulitida
Temporal range: Mid Ordovician–Late Carboniferous[1]
Cornulitid on a brachiopod valve (Upper Ordovician, SE Indiana)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Class: †Tentaculita
Order: †Cornulitida
Genera

The organisms had shells, and were subject to predation by boring and other means from the Ordovician onwards. Many survived attacks by predators.[1] Several cornulitids were endobiotic symbionts in the stromatoporoids and tabulates.[4][5][6]

Their affinity is unknown; they have been placed in many phyla, and have been considered worms, corals, molluscs and more.[1] They appear to be closely related to other taxa of uncertain affinity, including the microconchids, trypanoporids and tentaculitids.[1]

References
  1. Vinn, O. (2009). "Attempted predation on Early Paleozoic cornulitids". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 273: 87–91. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.004. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  2. Vinn, O (2013). "Cornulitid tubeworms from the Ordovician of eastern Baltic". Carnets de Géologie: 131–138. doi:10.4267/2042/51214. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
  3. Vinn, O; Wilson, M.A. (2013). "Silurian cornulitids of Estonia (Baltica)". Carnets de Géologie: 357–368. doi:10.4267/2042/53034. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
  4. Vinn, O.; Mõtus, M.-A. (2008). "The earliest endosymbiotic mineralized tubeworms from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine". Journal of Paleontology. 82: 409–414. doi:10.1666/07-056.1. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  5. Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010). "Endosymbiotic Cornulites in the Sheinwoodian (Early Silurian) stromatoporoids of Saaremaa, Estonia". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 257: 13–22. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0048. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  6. Vinn, O.; Mõtus, M.-A. (2012). "Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 321–322: 137–141. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.028. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
Cornulitids on a bryozoan; Bellevue Member, Grant Lake Formation, northern Kentucky.
Cornulites cellulosus from Wenlock of Saaremaa, Estonia
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