Crinan Canal

The Crinan Canal between Crinan and Ardrishaig in Argyll and Bute in the west of Scotland is operated by Scottish Canals. The canal, which opened in 1801, takes its name from the village of Crinan at its western end. Approximately nine miles (14 km) long, the canal connects the village of Ardrishaig on Loch Gilp with the Sound of Jura, providing a navigable route between the Clyde and the Inner Hebrides, without the need for a long diversion around the Kintyre peninsula, and in particular the exposed Mull of Kintyre.[1]

The Crinan Canal at Cairnbaan

History

The canal was built to provide a short cut for commercial sailing and fishing vessels and later Clyde puffers to travel between the industrialised region around Glasgow to the West Highland villages and islands. It was designed by civil engineer John Rennie and work started in 1794, but was not completed until 1801, two years later than planned.

The canal's construction was beset with problems including finance and poor weather. Landowners demanded high prices for their land and navvies were reluctant to leave jobs in more accessible parts of England and Scotland. The canal bank near Lochgilphead failed in 1805 and the canal's course was diverted to avoid the marshy ground. The canal's reservoirs were finished in 1809 but two years later a storm caused one to burst releasing its water and sending boulders and mud along the canal in both directions wrecking locks, the canal banks and the nearby roads.[2]

The canal company, headed by the Duke of Argyll, had to seek help from the government, who asked Thomas Telford to assess the problems. He suggested improvements to the locks, and some parts of the canal were redesigned including the swing bridges which were replaced in cast iron in 1816.[3] The government paid for the work but the canal company lost control and it was handed to the Caledonian Canal Commissioners.[4]

Queen Victoria travelled along the canal to Crinan during a holiday in the Scottish Highlands in 1847. She was greeted at Ardrishaig and her boat was towed by four horses, two of which were ridden by postilions in royal livery. At Crinan she boarded the royal yacht Victoria and Albert.[5] Her journey made the canal a tourist attraction and gave the canal an added purpose. Passenger steamer companies operating out of Glasgow advertised the canal as the "Royal route" and by the late 1850s more than 40,000 passengers passed through Ardrishaig each year and were met by steamers to Oban at Crinan. In 1866 a steam-powered passenger boat Linnet replaced horse-drawn boats for tourists.[2][4] Linnet remained in service until 1929.[2]

Between 1930 and 1932, new sea locks were built at either end, making the canal accessible at any state of tide.[2] The swing bridge at Ardrishaig was installed at this time.[6] The canal became the responsibility of British Waterways in 1962. It closed for nine-week period in October 1987 to allow some refurbishment.[7] On 2 July 2012 the British Waterways functions in Scotland were transferred to Scottish Canals.[8]

Today the canal is a popular route for leisure craft between the Firth of Clyde and the west coast of Scotland, used by nearly 2,000 boats annually.[2] The towpath is part of National Cycle Route 78, which links Campbeltown, Oban, Fort William and Inverness.[9][10]

The canal is a two-part scheduled monument.[11][12] Loch a' Bharain, which serves as a feeder reservoir for the canal, is also a scheduled monument.[13]

Features
Ardrishaig basin.
Dunardry locks
Bellanoch Bridge
The sea lock and Crinan Lighthouse

The Crinan Canal has 15 locks and is crossed by seven bridges: six swing bridges and a retractable bridge. Stone for the 15 locks was brought from Mull, the Isle of Arran and Morvern. From Ardrishaig, three locks raise the canal's 4-mile-long (6-kilometre) east reach to 32 ft (10 m) above sea level. The 1,100 yd (1,000 m) summit reach, between Cairnbaan and Dunardry, is 64 feet (20 metres) above sea level. The west reach between Dunardry and Crinan is 18 feet (5.5 metres) above sea level.[1] The canal is 10 ft (3 m) deep and has essentially no height limit.

The retractable bridge at Lock 11 replaced the original swing bridge in 1900. It is operated by a rotating handle and a cogged wheel which causes the bridge deck to roll forwards and backwards on rails and comes to rest across the lock chamber.[14] The canal has towpaths on both sides from Ardrishaig to Crinan Bridge and horses assisted unpowered craft until 1959.[15]

FeatureLocationType
Lock 1 (sea lock)ArdrishaigLock
Ardrishaig Swing BridgeArdrishaigSwing bridge
Ardrishaig BasinArdrishaigBasin
Lock 2ArdrishaigLock
Lock 3ArdrishaigLock
Lock 4ArdrishaigLock
Lock 4 BridgeArdrishaigSwing bridge
Oakfield BridgeLochgilpheadSwing bridge
Lock 5CairnbaanLock
Cairnbaan BridgeCairnbaanSwing bridge
Lock 6CairnbaanLock
Lock 7CairnbaanLock
Lock 8CairnbaanLock
Lock 9DunardryLock
Lock 10DunardryLock
Lock 11DunardryLock
Dunardry BridgeDunardryMoveable bridge
Lock 12DunardryLock
Lock 13DunardryLock
Bellanoch BridgeBellanochSwing bridge
Bellanoch MarinaBellanochMarina
Crinan BridgeCrinanSwing bridge
Lock 14CrinanLock
Crinan BasinCrinanBasin
Lock 15 (sea lock)CrinanLock

A song sung by Dan MacPhail in The Vital Spark:

The Crinan Canal for me
I don't like the wild raging sea
Them big foamin' breakers
Wad gie ye the shakers
The Crinan Canal for me.

See also

References

Notes
  1. Burrows 1981, p. 4
  2. History of the Crinan Canal, Scottish Canals, archived from the original on 12 August 2014, retrieved 3 June 2014
  3. Hutton 2003, p. 18
  4. Hutton 2003, p. 3
  5. Hutton 2003, p. 9
  6. Hutton 2003, p. 47
  7. McCallum, Andrew (6 October 1987). "Canal will come to life as the money pours in". The Glasgow Herald. p. 11. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  8. Our Structure and Governance, Scottish Canals, retrieved 19 June 2014
  9. Route 78, Sustrans, retrieved 3 June 2014
  10. "Lochgilphead to Crinan". Sustrans. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  11. Historic Environment Scotland. "Crinan Canal,Crinan to Cairnbaan (SM6500)". Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  12. Historic Environment Scotland. "Crinan Canal,Cairnbaan - Ardrishaig (SM6501)". Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  13. Historic Environment Scotland. "Crinan Canal,Loch a' Bharain canal feeder (SM6502)". Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  14. Hutton 2003, p. 23
  15. Hutton 2003, p. 33

Bibliography
  • Burrows, George W. (1981), Puffer Ahoy!, Brown, Son and Fergusson, ISBN 978-0-85174-419-3
  • Hutton, Guthrie (2003), Crinan Canal The Shipping Short Cut, Stenlake Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84033-257-5
  • Paterson, Len (2005). From Sea To Sea: A History of the Scottish Lowland and Highland Canals. Glasgow: Neil Wilson Publishing. ISBN 978-1903238943.

Further reading
  • Lindsey, Jean (1968) The Canals of Scotland, The Canals of the British Isles 8, Newton Abbot : David & Charles, ISBN 0-7153-4240-1

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