Cruise (autonomous vehicle)

The earlier generation of Cruise technology, RP-1, supplemented the human driving experience by offering an autonomous on-demand feature available for the Audi A4 or S4 (2012 or later). The intention of the $10,000 kit was to eventually retrofit all vehicles into a highway autopilot system. Ultimately, Cruise determined that the greater challenge lay in conquering city driving. In January 2014, the company decided to abandon the RP-1 and produce a fully autonomous vehicle using the Nissan Leaf.

In March 2016, General Motors acquired Cruise for an undisclosed amount, although reports have placed the number from "north of $500 million",[2] to $580 million[3] to over $1 billion.[4] Cruise received a permit to test self-driving vehicle technology from the California Department of Motor Vehicles in June 2015, nine months before it was acquired by GM.[5] Cruise forms the core of GM's self-driving efforts.[6] Industry observers have noted, and GM CEO Mary Barra has stated, that GM allowed Cruise to remain responsible for both technology and commercialization, giving Cruise independence in order to avoid the pitfalls common when a large company acquires a technology startup.[7]

After it successfully graduated from Y-Combinator, a startup accelerator that mentors up-and-coming entrepreneurs, Cruise was acquired by GM in March 2016.[4] Upon acquisition, Cruise had around 40 employees.[8] In a September 2016 interview with Darrell Etherington at the San Francisco TechCrunch Disrupt conference, Vogt confirmed that the company had over 100 employees.[9] Cruise's current headcount is unknown, but multiple outlets have reported that Cruise has continued to grow rapidly. In June 2017, Mary Barra stated that Cruise has close to 200 employees.[10]

Cruise initially focused on developing direct-to-consumer kits to retrofit vehicles with limited self-driving capabilities.[8] In 2015, Cruise changed its strategy and began writing software to be used for fully self-driving vehicles.[8] The brand philosophy urges car owners to engage in shared ownership instead of individual ownership, in order to reduce environmental damage, the number of accidents, and congestion in big cities.[11] Since becoming part of General Motors, Cruise has been working exclusively on developing software for making GM's Chevy Bolt electric vehicle fully autonomous.

In April 2017, GM announced plans to invest $14 million to expand Cruise operations in California, adding an estimated 1,163 full-time employees by 2021.[12][2]

In May 2018, Cruise announced that Softbank's Vision Fund would invest $2.25 billion into the company, along with another $1.1 billion from GM itself.[13]

In October 2018, Cruise announced that Honda would be investing $750 million into the company, followed by another $2 billion over the next 12 years. [14]

In November 2018, the company got a new CEO, Dan Ammann, who had been a president of GM before accepting this position.[15] Cruise raised an additional $1.15 billion in new equity in May 2019, bringing its total valuation to $19 billion.[16][17]

A Cruise Chevrolet Bolt undergoing testing in San Francisco. The vehicle is equipped with numerous Velodyne LiDAR sensors.

Cruise's Chevy Bolt electric vehicles are manufactured at the Orion Township assembly plant in Michigan with "...drive control algorithms and artificial intelligence created by Cruise."[18] Images of Cruise's vehicles evidence that Cruise uses Lidar, radar, and cameras on its vehicles.

As of September 2016, Cruise was conducting testing with a fleet of approximately 30 self-driving vehicles.[19] By June 2017, after GM announced the mass production of 130 new Chevy Bolts used for testing, the total number of self-driving vehicles owned by GM was estimated to be 180.[20]

As of July 2017, Cruise was conducting testing on public roads in San Francisco, Scottsdale, Arizona, and the metropolitan Detroit area. In early 2017, Cruise released a series of videos showing its self-driving vehicles navigating the streets of San Francisco.[21] In an interview with Fortune in July 2017, Vogt described the videos as "...the most technically advanced demonstrations of self-driving cars that have ever been put out there in public."[22]

Also in July 2017, Cruise announced "Cruise Anywhere," a program for San Francisco-based employees to use self-driving cars as a rideshare service.

In January 2020, the company exhibited the Cruise Origin, a Level 4–5 driverless vehicle,[23] intended to be used for a ride hailing service.[24] The Origin is purpose-built as a self-driving vehicle, rather than retrofitted from a non-autonomous vehicle, and contains no manual steering controls.[25] Costing approximately $50,000 to manufacture at scale,[26] the vehicle is all-electric and designed to have a one-million-mile lifespan.[27] Cruise announced that future Origin vehicles would be manufactured at GM's Detroit-Hamtramck plant.[28][29]

In October 2020, the California Department of Motor Vehicles gave Cruise a permit to test fully driverless vehicles.[30] Cruise began testing vehicles without a human safety driver present on the streets of San Francisco in December 2020.[31]

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