District of Columbia's at-large congressional district

The District of Columbia's at-large congressional district is a congressional district based entirely of the District of Columbia. According to the U.S. Constitution, only states may be represented in the Congress of the United States. The District of Columbia is not a U.S. state and therefore has no voting representation. Instead, constituents in the district elect a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives.

District of Columbia's at-large congressional district
Delegate
  Eleanor Holmes Norton
DWashington
Area61 sq mi (160 km2)
Distribution
  • 100.0% urban
  • 0.0% rural
Population (2019)705,749
Median household
income
$82,372[1]
Ethnicity
Occupation
Cook PVID+43[2][3]

Despite lacking full voting privileges on the floor of the House of Representatives, delegates are voting members in U.S. Congressional committees and they lobby their congressional colleagues regarding the District's interests. While the office was initially created during the Reconstruction Era by the Radical Republicans, Norton P. Chipman (R) briefly held the seat for less than two terms before the office was eliminated completely. The District of Columbia Delegate Act Pub.L. 91–405, 84 Stat. 845-2 of 1970 authorized voters in the District of Columbia to elect one non-voting delegate to represent them in the United States House of Representatives.[4] The act was approved by Congress on September 22, 1970 and subsequently signed into law by President Richard Nixon. Democrat Walter E. Fauntroy was elected as the district's delegate to Congress in a special election on March 23, 1971, receiving 58 percent of the 116,635 votes cast.[5]

Since 1993, when the House of Representatives has been under Democratic control, delegates, including the District of Columbia's delegate, have been allowed to cast non-binding floor votes when the House of Representatives was operating in the Committee of the Whole.[6][7]

The district is currently represented by Democrat Eleanor Holmes Norton.

List of delegates representing the district

Delegate Party Term Cong
ress
Electoral history
District created March 4, 1871
Vacant March 4, 1871 –
April 21, 1871
42nd

Norton P. Chipman
Republican April 21, 1871 –
March 3, 1875
42nd
43rd
Elected to finish the vacant term.
Re-elected in 1872.
Seat eliminated.
District eliminated March 4, 1875
District recreated September 22, 1970
Vacant September 22, 1970 –
March 23, 1971
91st
92nd

Walter Fauntroy
Democratic March 23, 1971 –
January 3, 1991
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
Elected to finish the vacant term.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Retired to run for Mayor of the District of Columbia

Eleanor Holmes Norton
Democratic January 3, 1991 –
present
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
115th
116th
117th
Elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.

Election results

1870s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Special Election (April 21, 1871)[8][9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Norton P. Chipman 15,196 57.78
Democratic Richard T. Merrick 11,104 42.22
Republican win (new seat)
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1873)[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Norton P. Chipman (Incumbent) 12,443 63.86 +6.08
Democratic L.G. Hine 7,042 36.14 −6.08
Republican hold

1970s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Special Election (March 23, 1971)[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy 68,166 58.44
Republican John A. Nevius 29,249 25.08
D.C. Statehood Green Julius Hobson 15,427 13.23
Independent Frank Kameny 1,888 1.62
Independent Douglas Moore 1,301 1.12
Socialist Workers James E. Harris 431 0.37
No party Write-ins 173 0.15
Total votes 116,635 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic win (new seat)
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1972)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 95,300 60.64
Republican William Chin-Lee 39,487 25.12
D.C. Statehood Green Charles I. Cassell 18,730 11.92
Independent David H. Dabney 2,514 1.60
Socialist Workers Herman Fagg 1,133 0.72
Total votes 157,164 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1974)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 66,337 63.78
Independent James G. Banks 21,874 21.03
Republican William R. Phillips 9,166 8.81
D.C. Statehood Green Anton V. Wood 3,039 2.92
U.S. Labor Susan Pennington 1,813 1.74
Independent David H. Dabney 1,539 1.48
No party Write-ins 246 0.24
Total votes 104,014 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1976)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 12,149 77.18
Republican Daniel L. Hall 1,566 9.95
D.C. Statehood Green Louis S. Aronica 1,076 6.84
Socialist Workers Charlotte J. Reavis 499 3.17
U.S. Labor Susan Pennington 377 2.39
No party Write-ins 75 0.48
Total votes 15,742 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1978)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 76,557 79.59
Republican Jackson R. Champion 11,677 12.02
D.C. Statehood Green Gregory Rowe 3,886 4.04
Socialist Workers Charlotte J. Reavis 1,649 1.71
U.S. Labor Cloid John Green 1,064 1.10
No party Write-ins 1,473 1.53
Total votes 96,306 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1980s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1980)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 111,631 74.44
Republican Robert J. Roehr 21,021 14.02
D.C. Statehood Green Josephine D. Butler 14,325 9.55
No party Write-ins 2,979 1.99
Total votes 149,956 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1982)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 93,422 83.01
Republican John West 17,242 15.32
No party Write-ins 1,879 1.67
Total votes 112,543 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1984)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 154,583 95.56
No party Write-ins 7,188 4.44
Total votes 161,771 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1986)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 101,604 80.09
Republican Mary L. H. King 17,643 13.91
D.C. Statehood Green Julie McCall 6,122 4.83
No party Write-ins 1,486 1.17
Total votes 126,855 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1988)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter E. Fauntroy (Incumbent) 121,817 71.27
Republican Ron Evans 22,936 13.42
D.C. Statehood Green Alvin C. Frost 13,802 8.07
Independent David H. Dabney 10,449 6.11
No party Write-ins 1,929 1.13
Total votes 170,933 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

1990s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1990)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton 98,442 61.67
Republican Harry M. Singleton 41,999 26.31
Independent George X. Cure 8,156 5.11
D.C. Statehood Green Leon Frederick Hunt 4,027 2.52
Independent David H. Dabney 3,334 2.09
No party Write-ins 3,669 2.30
Total votes 159,627 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1992)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 166,808 84.78
Republican Susan Emerson 20,108 10.22
D.C. Statehood Green Susan Griffin 7,253 3.69
Socialist Workers Sam Manuel 1,840 0.94
No party Write-ins 745 0.38
Total votes 196,754 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1994)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 154,988 89.25
Republican Donald A. Saltz 13,828 7.96
D.C. Statehood Green Rasco P. Braswell 2,824 1.63
Socialist Workers Bradley Downs 1,476 0.85
No party Write-ins 548 0.32
Total votes 173,664 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1996)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 134,996 90.00
Republican Sprague Simonds 11,306 7.54
Independent Faith 2,119 1.41
Socialist Workers Sam Manuel 1,146 0.76
No party Write-ins 431 0.29
Total votes 149,998 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1998)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 122,228 89.64
Republican Edward Henry Wolterbeek 8,610 6.31
D.C. Statehood Green Pat Kidd 2,323 1.70
Independent Natale "Lino" Stracuzzi 1,647 1.21
Socialist Workers Mary Martin 1,087 0.80
No party Write-ins 464 0.34
Total votes 136,359 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2000s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2000)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 158,824 90.43
Republican Edward Henry Wolterbeek 10,258 5.84
Libertarian Robert D. Kampia 4,594 2.62
Socialist Workers Sam Manuel 1,419 0.81
No party Write-ins 536 0.31
Total votes 175,631 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 119,268 93.01
Independent Pat Kidd 7,733 6.03
No party Write-ins 1,232 0.96
Total votes 128,233 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 202,027 91.33
Republican Michael Andrew Monroe 18,296 8.27
No party Write-ins 890 0.40
Total votes 221,213 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 111,726 97.34
No party Write-ins 3,051 2.66
Total votes 114,777 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 228,376 92.28
D.C. Statehood Green Maude Hills 16,693 6.75
No party Write-ins 2,402 0.97
Total votes 247,471 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2010s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 117,990 88.94
Republican Missy Reilly Smith 8,109 6.11
D.C. Statehood Green Rick Tingling-Clemmons 4,413 3.33
No party Write-ins 2,144 1.61
Total votes 132,656 100.00
Turnout   29.99
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2012)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 246,664 88.54
Libertarian Bruce Majors 16,524 5.93
D.C. Statehood Green Natale "Lino" Stracuzzi 13,243 4.75
No party Write-ins 2,132 0.78
Total votes 278,563 100.00
Turnout   60.94
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2014)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 143,923 83.73
Republican Nelson F. Rimensnyder 11,673 6.79
Independent Timothy J. Krepp 9,101 5.29
D.C. Statehood Green Natale "Lino" Stracuzzi 6,073 3.53
No party Write-ins 1,123 0.65
Total votes 171,893 100.00
Turnout   38.45
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2016) [12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 265,178 84.84
Libertarian Martin Moulton 18,713 5.99
D.C. Statehood Green Natale "Lino" Stracuzzi 14,336 4.59
No party Write-ins 2,679 0.86
Total votes 300,906 100.00
Turnout   65.30
Democratic hold
D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2018) [13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (Incumbent) 199,124 87.04
Republican Nelson F. Rimensnyder 9,700 4.24
D.C. Statehood Green Natale "Lino" Stracuzzi 8,636 3.77
Independent John Cheeks 5,509 2.41
Libertarian Bruce Majors 4,034 1.76
No party Write-ins 1,766 0.77
Total votes 228,769 100.00
Turnout   46.29
Democratic hold

2020s

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (2020)[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Eleanor Holmes Norton (incumbent) 231,327 86.83%
Libertarian Patrick Hynes 7,525 2.82
Independent Barbara Washington Franklin 5,969 2.24
Socialist Workers Omari Musa 5,106 1.92
D.C. Statehood Green Natale Lino Stracuzzi 4,463 1.68
Independent Amir Lowery 4,025 1.51
Independent David Krucoff 3,817 1.43
Independent John Cheeks 2,336 0.88
Write-in 1,836 0.69
Total votes 266,404 100.00
Turnout   66.90
Democratic hold

See also

References

  1. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=11
  2. "Districts of the 113th Congress: 2004 & 2008" (PDF). Partisan Voting Index. The Cook Political Report. October 11, 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-17.
  3. Barone, Michael; McCutcheon, Chuck (2013). The Almanac of American Politics 2014. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 358–. ISBN 978-0-226-10544-4. Copyright National Journal.
  4. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/STATUTE-84/STATUTE-84-Pg845-2/content-detail.html
  5. "Fauntroy Election Certified". The Washington Post. April 6, 1971. p. C6. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  6. The practice began with the 103rd Congress, but was revoked when the Republicans retook the House for the 104th Congress. Democrats reinstated the practice in the 110th Congress, but Republicans again revoked it in the 112th Congress.
  7. Portnoy, Jenna (January 3, 2017). "Republican-led Congress denies D.C. delegate a vote. Again". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  8. Gibbs, C. R. (March 2, 1989). "The District Had a Voice, if Not a Vote, in the 42nd Congress". The Washington Post. p. DC3.
  9. "The Washington Election". The Baltimore Sun. Apr 20, 1871. p. 1.
  10. Gibbs, C. R. (March 2, 1989). "The District Had a Voice, if Not a Vote, in the 42nd Congress". The Washington Post. p. DC3.
  11. "Fauntroy Election Certified". The Washington Post. April 6, 1971. p. C6.
  12. "General Election 2016 - Certified Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  13. "General Election 2018 — Certified Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  14. "General Election 2020 - Certified Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. Retrieved February 3, 2021.

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