List of United States senators from Maryland

This is a list of United States senators from Maryland, which ratified the United States Constitution April 28, 1788, becoming the seventh state to do so.[1] To provide for continuity of government, the framers divided senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms, and Maryland's senators are in the first and third classes.[2] Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which allowed for direct election of senators, Maryland's senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly. Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897, senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state.

Current delegation

List of senators

Class 1

Class 1 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. The next election will be in 2024.

C

Class 3

Class 3 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016. The next election will be in 2022.

# Senator Party Dates in office Electoral history T T Electoral history Dates in office Party Senator #
1
Charles Carroll
Pro-
Admin.
March 4, 1789 –
November 30, 1792
Elected in 1788. 1 1st 1 Elected in 1788. March 4, 1789 –
December 10, 1797
Pro-
Admin.
John Henry 1
Re-elected in 1791.

Resigned to remain in the Maryland Senate.
2 2nd
Vacant November 30, 1792 –
January 10, 1793
 
2
Richard Potts
Pro-
Admin.
January 10, 1793 –
October 24, 1796
Elected to finish Carroll's term.

Resigned.
3rd
4th 2 Re-elected in 1795.

Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
Vacant October 24, 1796 –
November 30, 1796
 
3
John Eager Howard
Federalist November 30, 1796 –
March 3, 1803
Elected to finish Potts's term.
Re-elected in 1796.

Lost re-election.
3 5th
Elected to finish Henry's term.

Resigned.
December 11, 1797 –
December 1, 1800
Federalist James Lloyd 2
6th
  December 1, 1800 –
December 12, 1800
Vacant
Elected to finish Lloyd's term. December 12, 1800 –
November 19, 1801
Federalist
William Hindman
3
7th 3 Appointed to fill the vacancy after the Legislature failed to elect.

Retired when successor elected.
Elected to finish term.

Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
November 19, 1801 –
November 12, 1806
Democratic-Republican
Robert Wright
4
4
Samuel Smith
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1803 –
March 3, 1815
Elected November 17, 1802.[3] 4 8th
9th
  November 12, 1806 –
November 25, 1806
Vacant
Elected to finish Wright's term. November 25, 1806 –
March 3, 1813
Democratic-Republican
Philip Reed
5
10th 4 Re-elected in 1806.
Re-elected November 14, 1809.[4]

[data unknown/missing]
5 11th
12th
13th 5 Legislature failed to elect. March 3, 1813 –
May 21, 1813
Vacant
Elected in 1813 to finish term.

[data unknown/missing]
May 21, 1813 –
March 3, 1819
Federalist Robert Henry Goldsborough 6
Vacant March 4, 1815 –
January 29, 1816
Legislature failed to elect 6 14th
5
Robert Goodloe Harper
Federalist January 29, 1816 –
December 6, 1816
Elected to finish term.

Resigned.
Vacant December 6, 1816 –
December 20, 1816
 
6
Alexander Contee Hanson
Federalist December 20, 1816 –
April 23, 1819
Elected to finish Harper's term.

Died.
15th
16th 6 Legislature did not elect until after the term began. March 4, 1819 –
December 20, 1819
Vacant
Vacant April 23, 1819 –
December 21, 1819
 
7
William Pinkney
Democratic-Republican December 20, 1819 –
February 25, 1822
Elected December 14, 1819 to finish Hanson's term and qualified December 21, 1819. Elected late December 14, 1819, and qualified December 21, 1819. December 21, 1819 –
January 14, 1826
Democratic-Republican
Edward Lloyd
7
Re-elected in 1821.

Died.
7 17th
Vacant February 25, 1822 –
December 17, 1822
 
8
Samuel Smith
Democratic-Republican December 17, 1822 –
March 3, 1833
Elected to finish Pinkney's term.
18th
Jacksonian 19th 7 Re-elected in 1825.

Resigned.
Jacksonian
  January 14, 1826 –
January 24, 1826
Vacant
Elected to finish Lloyd's term. January 24, 1826 –
December 20, 1834
Anti-
Jacksonian

Ezekiel F. Chambers
8
Re-elected in 1827. 8 20th
21st
22nd 8 Re-elected in 1831.

Resigned to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
9
Joseph Kent
Anti-
Jacksonian
March 4, 1833 –
November 24, 1837
Elected in 1833.

Died.
9 23rd
  December 20, 1834 –
January 13, 1835
Vacant
Elected to finish Chambers's term.

Died.
January 13, 1835 –
October 5, 1836
Anti-
Jacksonian
Robert Henry Goldsborough 9
24th
  October 5, 1836 –
December 31, 1836
Vacant
Elected to finish Goldsborough's term. December 31, 1836 –
October 24, 1840
Anti-
Jacksonian
John S. Spence 10
Whig 25th 9 Re-elected in 1837.

Died.
Whig
Vacant November 24, 1837 –
January 4, 1838
 
10 William Duhurst Merrick Whig January 4, 1838 –
March 3, 1845
Elected to finish Kent's term.
Re-elected in 1839.

[data unknown/missing]
10 26th
  October 24, 1840 –
January 5, 1841
Vacant
Elected to finish Spence's term.

[data unknown/missing]
January 5, 1841 –
March 3, 1843
Whig
John Leeds Kerr
11
27th
28th 10 Elected in 1843. March 4, 1843 –
December 20, 1862
Whig
James Pearce
12
11
Reverdy Johnson
Whig March 4, 1845 –
March 7, 1849
Election year unknown.

Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General.
11 29th
30th
31st 11 Re-elected in 1849.
Vacant March 7, 1849 –
December 6, 1849
 
12
David Stewart
Whig December 6, 1849 –
January 12, 1850
Appointed to continue Johnson's term.

Retired when successor elected.
13
Thomas Pratt
Whig January 12, 1850 –
March 3, 1857
Elected to finish Johnson's term.
Re-elected in 1851. 12 32nd
33rd
34th 12 Re-elected in 1855.
14
Anthony Kennedy
American March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1863
Election year unknown.
[data unknown/missing]
13 35th Democratic
36th
Unionist 37th 13 Re-elected in 1861.

Died.
  December 20, 1862 –
December 29, 1862
Vacant
Appointed to continue Pearce's term.

Elected in 1864 to finish Pearce's term.

Died.
December 29, 1862 –
February 14, 1865
Unionist
Thomas Holliday Hicks
13
15
Reverdy Johnson
Unionist March 4, 1863 –
July 10, 1868
Election year unknown.

Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
14 38th Unconditional Unionist
  February 14, 1865 –
March 9, 1865
Vacant
Democratic 39th
Elected to finish Hicks's term.

[data unknown/missing]
March 9, 1865 –
March 3, 1867
Unconditional Unionist
John Creswell
14
40th 14 Senator-elect Philip F. Thomas failed to qualify. Senate deemed him a person "who had given aid and comfort" to the Confederate cause. March 4, 1867 –
March 7, 1868
Vacant
Elected to finish Thomas's term.

[data unknown/missing]
March 7, 1868 –
March 3, 1873
Democratic
George Vickers
15
Vacant July 10, 1868 –
July 13, 1868
 
16
William Pinkney Whyte
Democratic July 13, 1868 –
March 3, 1869
Appointed to finish Johnson's term.

Retired.
17
William Thomas Hamilton
Democratic March 4, 1869 –
March 3, 1875
Election year unknown.

Retired to run for Governor.
15 41st
42nd
43rd 15 Election year unknown.

[data unknown/missing]
March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1879
Democratic
George R. Dennis
16
18
William Pinkney Whyte
Democratic March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1881
Elected in 1874.

Retired.
16 44th
45th
46th 16 Elected January 18, 1878.[5]

[data unknown/missing]
March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1885
Democratic
James Black Groome
17
19
Arthur Pue Gorman
Democratic March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1899
Elected in 1880. 17 47th
48th
49th 17 Elected in 1884.

Re-elected in 1890.

Died.
March 4, 1885 –
February 24, 1891
Democratic
Ephraim Wilson
18
Re-elected in 1886. 18 50th
51st
  February 24, 1891 –
November 19, 1891
Vacant
52nd 18
Appointed to continue Wilson's term.

Elected January 21, 1892 to finish Wilson's term.[6]

Unknown if retired or lost re-election.
November 19, 1891 –
March 3, 1897
Democratic
Charles Hopper Gibson
19
Elected in 1892.

Lost re-election.
19 53rd
54th
55th 19 Elected January 22, 1896.[7]

Retired.
March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1903
Republican
George L. Wellington
20
20
Louis E. McComas
Republican March 4, 1899 –
March 3, 1905
Elected in 1898.

Retired to become judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals.
20 56th
57th
58th 20 Elected January 15, 1902.[8]

Died.
March 4, 1903 –
June 4, 1906
Democratic
Arthur Pue Gorman
21
21
Isidor Rayner
Democratic March 4, 1905 –
November 25, 1912
Elected in 1904. 21 59th
  June 4, 1906 –
June 8, 1906
Vacant
Appointed to continue Gorman's term.

Elected January 15, 1908 to finish Gorman's term.[6]

Died.
June 8, 1906 –
March 17, 1908
Democratic
William Pinkney Whyte
22
60th
  March 17, 1908 –
March 25, 1908
Vacant
Elected to finish Whyte's term, having already been elected to the next term. March 25, 1908 –
March 3, 1921
Democratic
John Walter Smith
23
61st 21 Elected January 15, 1908.
Re-elected January 18, 1910.

Died.
22 62nd
Vacant November 25, 1912 –
November 29, 1912
 
22
William P. Jackson
Republican November 29, 1912 –
January 28, 1914
Appointed to continue Rayner's term.

Retired when successor elected.
63rd
23
Blair Lee
Democratic January 28, 1914 –
March 3, 1917
Elected November 4, 1913 to finish Rayner's term.

Lost re-election.
64th 22 Re-elected in 1914.

Lost re-election.
24
Joseph I. France
Republican March 4, 1917 –
March 3, 1923
Elected in 1916.

Lost re-election.
23 65th
66th
67th 23 Elected in 1920.

Lost re-election.
March 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1927
Republican
Ovington Weller
24
25
William Cabell Bruce
Democratic March 4, 1923 –
March 3, 1929
Elected in 1922.

Lost re-election.
24 68th
69th
70th 24 Elected in 1926. March 4, 1927 –
January 3, 1951
Democratic
Millard E. Tydings
25
26
Phillips Lee Goldsborough
Republican March 4, 1929 –
January 3, 1935
Elected in 1928.

Retired to run for Governor.
25 71st
72nd
73rd 25 Re-elected in 1932.
27
George L. P. Radcliffe
Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1947
Elected in 1934. 26 74th
75th
76th 26 Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.

Lost renomination.
27 77th
78th
79th 27 Re-elected in 1944.

Lost re-election.
28
Herbert O'Conor
Democratic January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1953
Elected in 1946.

Retired.
28 80th
81st
82nd 28 Elected in 1950. January 3, 1951 –
January 2, 1963
Republican
John Marshall Butler
26
29
James Glenn Beall
Republican January 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1965
Elected in 1952. 29 83rd
84th
85th 29 Re-elected in 1956.

Retired.
Re-elected in 1958.

Lost re-election.
30 86th
87th
88th 30 Elected in 1962.

Lost re-election.
January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1969
Democratic
Daniel B. Brewster
27
30
Joseph Tydings
Democratic January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1971
Elected in 1964.

Lost re-election.
31 89th
90th
91st 31 Elected in 1968. January 3, 1969 –
January 3, 1987
Republican
Charles Mathias
28
31
John Glenn Beall
Republican January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1977
Elected in 1970.

Lost re-election.
32 92nd
93rd
94th 32 Re-elected in 1974.
32
Paul Sarbanes
Democratic January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 2007
Elected in 1976. 33 95th
96th
97th 33 Re-elected in 1980.

Retired.
Re-elected in 1982. 34 98th
99th
100th 34 Elected in 1986. January 3, 1987 –
January 3, 2017
Democratic
Barbara Mikulski
29
Re-elected in 1988. 35 101st
102nd
103rd 35 Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994. 36 104th
105th
106th 36 Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.

Retired.
37 107th
108th
109th 37 Re-elected in 2004.
33
Ben Cardin
Democratic January 3, 2007 –
Present
Elected in 2006. 38 110th
111th
112th 38 Re-elected in 2010.

Retired.[9]
Re-elected in 2012. 39 113th
114th
115th 39 Elected in 2016. January 3, 2017 –
Present
Democratic
Chris Van Hollen
30
Re-elected in 2018. 40 116th
117th
118th 40 To be determined in the 2022 election.
To be determined in the 2024 election. 41 119th
# Senator Party Years in office Electoral history T   T Electoral history Years in office Party Senator #
Class 1 Class 3

Living former senators

As of February 2021, there is one living former senator from Maryland. The most recent and most recently serving senator to die was Paul Sarbanes (served 1977–2007) on December 6, 2020.

Senator Term of office Date of birth (and age)
Barbara Mikulski 1987–2017 (1936-07-20) July 20, 1936

References

  1. "Maryland Historical Chronology, 1700-1799". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  2. "The Senate and the United States Constitution". United States senate Historical Office. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  3. "Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.
  4. "Maryland 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Hornet (Fredericktown, Md.). November 29, 1809.
  5. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=114843
  6. Byrd, p. 121.
  7. "WELLINGTON IS ELECTED". The New York Times. January 23, 1896. p. 5.
  8. "Ratified Mr. German's Election". The New York Times. January 16, 1902. p. 3.
  9. Gaudiano, Nicole (March 2, 2015). "Longtime Sen. Barbara Mikulski to retire". USA Today.

See also

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