Earl of Plymouth

Earl of Plymouth is a title that has been created three times: twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Earldom of Plymouth
Arms of Windsor-Clive: Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Argent, on a Fess Sable, three Mullets Or (Clive); 2nd & 3rd, Gules, a Saltire Argent, between twelve Crosses-Crosslet Or (Windsor). Crests: 1st: a Griffin statant Argent, ducally gorged Gules (Clive). 2nd: a Stag’s Head affrontée, couped at the neck Argent, attired Or (Windsor). Supporters: On either side a Unicorn Argent, armed, maned, tufted and unguled Or.
Creation date18 December 1905 (3rd Creation)
CreationThird
MonarchKing Edward VII
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderRobert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Present holderIvor Windsor-Clive, 4th Earl of Plymouth
Heir apparentRobert Windsor-Clive, Viscount Windsor
Remainder tothe 1st Earl's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesViscount Windsor
Baron Windsor
StatusExtant
MottoJE ME FIE EN DIEU
(I trust in God)

History

The first creation was in 1675 for Charles FitzCharles, one of the dozens of illegitimate children of King Charles II and one of a few by his mistress Catherine Pegge. He died without heirs in 1680, and the title became extinct.

The second creation came in 1682 in favour of Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 7th Baron Windsor. The family descends from Sir Andrew Windsor, who fought at the Battle of the Spurs in 1513, where he was knighted. In 1529 he was summoned to Parliament as Baron Windsor, of Stanwell in the County of Buckingham. His grandson, Edward, the third Baron, fought at the Battle of St Quentin in 1557. Edward's elder son Frederick, the fourth Baron, died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry. The latter's son, Thomas, the sixth Baron, was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy. On Thomas's death in 1641, the barony fell into abeyance between his sisters.

The abeyance was terminated in 1660 in favour of his nephew, Thomas Hickman. He was the son of the Honourable Elizabeth Windsor, and her husband Dixie Hickman, and assumed the additional surname of Windsor as 7th Baron. He notably served as Governor of Jamaica and as Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire. In 1682, he was created Earl of Plymouth in the Peerage of England, thus elevating his nobility. He was succeeded by his grandson Other, who notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire, Denbigh and Flint. His grandson and namesake, Other, the fourth Earl, was Lord Lieutenant of Glamorganshire.

On the death of fourth Earl's childless grandson, Other, the sixth Earl, in 1833, the barony and earldom separated. The barony fell into abeyance between his sisters Lady Maria Windsor, wife of Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire, and Lady Harriet Windsor, wife of the Honourable Robert Clive, second son of Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis (see below for further history of the barony and Earl of Powis for earlier history of the Clive family). The sixth Earl was succeeded in the earldom by his uncle, Andrew, the seventh Earl. The seventh Earl died unmarried and was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry, the eighth Earl. The eighth Earl was childless and on his death in 1843 the earldom became extinct. The barony of Windsor remained in abeyance until 1855 when the abeyance was terminated in favour of Lady Harriet Windsor-(Clive), who became the thirteenth Baroness. The same year she re-assumed by Royal licence her maiden surname, as a first barrel of her name. Her eldest son the Hon. Robert Windsor-Clive predeceased her and she was succeeded by her grandson, Robert, the fourteenth Baron, who was a prominent Conservative politician and held office as Paymaster-General and First Commissioner of Works.

In 1905 the earldom of Plymouth was revived in the third creation when Robert was created Viscount Windsor, of St Fagans in the County of Glamorgan, and Earl of Plymouth, in the County of Devon.[1] These titles were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first Earl was succeeded by his second and only surviving son, Ivor, the second Earl, who was also a Conservative politician and served as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies and Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Ivor's eldest son, Other, the third Earl, succeeded in 1943 and died on 7 March 2018 when he was succeeded by his own son, Ivor, the present fourth Earl. As a male-line descendant of the first Earl of Powis in its present creation the Earl is in far remainder to that peerage and its subsidiary titles.

Windsor-Clive family plot in the cemetery of St Bartholomew's church, Tardebigge, Worcestershire. Robert, 1st Earl of Plymouth (1857–1923), and his family are buried here.

Another member of the family was the Honourable Thomas Windsor, younger son of Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 1st Earl of Plymouth, who was elevated to the new title Viscount Windsor in 1699. After the death of his son, the second Viscount, the title was extinct for 38 years from 1758. However his daughter and heiress, Charlotte Jane, married John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute and the title Viscount Windsor was revived from 1796 as a secondary subsidiary (courtesy) style under the Marquess of Bute (the first subsidiary title was Earl of Dumfries).

The family seat was Hewell Grange, Worcestershire. Later residences are Oakly Park, Bromfield near Ludlow, Shropshire, and a house in London W8.[2]

A customary male forename, said ǒðer, derives from the largely medieval written-up oral history of Saxon ancestor 'Otho' or 'Othere'.

Earl of Plymouth, first creation (1675)

Earl of Plymouth, second and third creations

Baron Windsor (1529)

Monument (now lost) to Henry Windsor, 5th Baron Windsor (1562–1605), St Bartholomew's Church, Tardebigge, Worcestershire

Earl of Plymouth (1682)

Baron Windsor (1529; reverted)

Earl of Plymouth (1905)

The heir apparent is the holder's son Robert Other Ivor Windsor-Clive, Viscount Windsor (born 1981).
whose heir apparent is his son Hon. Edward Other Ivor Llewellyn Windsor-Clive (born 2019).

Male-line family tree

Male-line family tree
Male-line family tree, Barons Windsor and Earls of Plymouth.
Andrew Windsor
1st Baron Windsor

1467–1543
William Windsor
2nd Baron Windsor

1498–1558
Edward Windsor
3rd Baron Windsor

1532–1574
Frederick Windsor
4th Baron Windsor

1559–1585
Henry Windsor
5th Baron Windsor

1562–1605
Thomas Windsor
6th Baron Windsor

1591–1642
Hon.
Elizabeth Windsor
Dixie Hickman
Barony in abeyance
Abeyance terminated 1660
Earl of Plymouth
(second creation, 1682)
Thomas Hickman-Windsor
7th Baron Windsor
1st Earl of Plymouth

1627–1687
Other Windsor
Lord Windsor
1659–1684
Other Windsor
8th Baron Windsor
2nd Earl of Plymouth

1679–1727
Other Windsor
9th Baron Windsor
3rd Earl of Plymouth

1707–1732
Other Windsor
10th Baron Windsor
4th Earl of Plymouth

1731–1771
Other Windsor
11th Baron Windsor
5th Earl of Plymouth

1751–1799
Hon.
Thomas Windsor
1752–1832
Andrew Windsor
7th Earl of Plymouth

1764–1837
Henry Windsor
8th Earl of Plymouth

1768–1843
Earldom extinct
Abeyance terminated 1855
Other Windsor
12th Baron Windsor
6th Earl of Plymouth

1789–1833
Harriet Windsor-Clive
13th Baroness Windsor

1797–1869
Hon.
Robert Clive
Barony in abeyance
Hon.
Robert Windsor-Clive
1824–1859
Viscount Windsor
Earl of Plymouth
(third creation, 1905)
Robert Windsor-Clive
14th Baron Windsor
1st Earl of Plymouth

1857–1923
Other Windsor-Clive
Viscount Windsor
1884–1908
Ivor Windsor-Clive
15th Baron Windsor
2nd Earl of Plymouth

1889–1943
Other Windsor-Clive
16th Baron Windsor
3rd Earl of Plymouth
1923–2018
Ivor Windsor-Clive
17th Baron Windsor
4th Earl of Plymouth
born 1951
Robert Windsor-Clive
Viscount Windsor
born 1981
Edward Windsor-Clive
born 2019

Seat and published probate wealth

The second earl died, seized of St Fagans Castle, in 1943. His probate was sworn the next year at £1,204,429 (equivalent to about £54,600,000 in 2019).[4] The castle went (by gift) to the National Museum of Wales, becoming one of its key sites from his wife's death in 1947 (leading to his double probate) whereby the total assets amounted to £1,824,359 (equivalent to about £82,600,000 in 2019).[5]

See also

References

  1. "No. 27865". The London Gazette. 19 December 1905. p. 9084.
  2. "Plymouth, 4th Earl of, (Ivor Edward Other Windsor-Clive) (born 19 Nov. 1951)." WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. 1 Dec. 2007; Accessed 1 Aug. 2020. https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-40353.
  3. PLYMOUTH, EARL – Death Notices – Shropshire Star Announcements
  4. https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk Calendar of Probates and Administrations
  5. https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk Calendar of Probates and Administrations
  • Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
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