Economy of Hyderabad

The economy of Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, India, is based on traditional manufacturing, the knowledge sector, and tourism.[1] Starting in the 1990s, the economic pattern of the city changed from a primarily service hub to a more diversified economy,[2] but the service industry remains a major contributor.[3] As of 2006, the largest employers of Hyderabad are the governments of Andhra Pradesh and India, with 113,000 and 85,000 employees, respectively.[4]

Inorbit Mall in the city
HITEC City, the hub of information technology companies

Since its inception in 1591, Hyderabad has been a global trade centre in multiple areas, including its status as the world's only diamond market. City-based handicrafts were sold in the Middle East and Western countries. During the rule of the Nizam's in the 1930s, industrial growth started with the establishment of a diversified industrial zone, which grew in parallel with traditional manufacturing.

In the 1930s and 1940s, city-based industries started importing technology from the western world for industrial manufacturing. With the introduction of the railways, the city became well connected with the port cities of Bombay (now Mumbai), Madras (now Chennai), Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Karachi (now in Pakistan).[5][6] During the 1950s and 1960s, most of the Indian premier public enterprises—BHEL, NMDC, HMT, BEL, IDPL, ECIL, DRDO and HAL—were established in Hyderabad, changing the economical pattern of the city from a traditional manufacturing to a cosmopolitan industrial service sector.[7]

Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana, and the city is the largest contributor to the state's GDP (Gross domestic product) and state tax.[8] In 2011, Hyderabad generated revenues of ₹700,000 million (US$9.8 billion) and contributed a third of the state's tax revenue.[9] In 2019, the GDP (PPP) was US$83.5B, placing the city fourth in India and 93rd in the world.[10][3] Hyderabad and its suburbs house the highest number of special economic zones among India's cities.[11]

In the 1970s, the pharmaceutical and electronic industries were established in the city because of its strategic location in south-central India, for which it is known as the gateway to south-central India.[7][12][13] Since the 1990s, the economic patterns of the city have changed it from a primarily service hub to a more diversified spectrum,[2] with the growth of IT enterprises, and biotech, insurance, and financial institutions, and a strong employment base in ancillary activities such as trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real-estate and retail, which employ three times more people than the IT industries.[6] As of 2020, Hyderabad has six lakh employees in the IT/ITES sector, working in more than 1500 companies.[14][15][16][17] The service industry in this arena remains a dominant, with 90% of the workforce.[13][18] As of 2005, out of every 1000 people of working age, 770 males and 190 females are employed.[19]

Tourism
Falaknuma Palace
Buddha Statue in Hussain Sagar,Hyderabad.

In March 2012, The Indian Union Tourism Ministry declared Hyderabad as the first ever "Best Heritage City of India".[20]

See also: List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad

Hyderabad was the World's third best city to visit in 2013, according to Lonely Planet. In 2011 the city was ranked nineteenth in the world by The New York Times in The list of 41 Places to Go in 2011, the only Indian City in the list.[21] Hyderabad is known as the City of Pearls, due to the presence of pearls trading industry—until the 18th century the city was the only global trade centre of large diamonds.[22][23] Many traditional and historical bazaars are located in the city.[24][25] The Laad Bazaar and nearby markets have shops that sell pearls, diamonds and other traditional ware and cultural antiques.[24]

Hyderabad emerged as a pharmaceutical and biotechnology hub and is known as India's pharmaceutical capital and "Genome Valley of India".[26][27] In 2008–2009, Hyderabad's bio-pharmaceuticals exports reached US$3.1 billion.[28] The south—central location of Hyderabad, and the incorporation of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL) in 1961 proved to be a foundation of pharmaceutical industry in Hyderabad, later in the 1990s the expansion in the industry took place with the formation of Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology and National Institute of Nutrition along with the regional institutions making Hyderabad the hub of pharmaceutical and biotechnology in India.[29]

The establishment of the public sector in biotechnology and the Genome Valley, Fab City and the Nano Technology park established significant infrastructure in bio-technology. These attributes attracted regional companies and MNCs to set up offices, warehouses, research and development centres in the city.[30] In 2012, the city hosted the Convention on Biological Diversity (2012 COP 11).[31]

The commercial market structure of Hyderabad is defined into 4 sectors—The Central Business Districts (CBD), the sub-central business centres, the neighbourhood business centres and local business centres.[32] Since 2007, The retail industry in Hyderabad is on the rise,[33] and several central business districts are spread across the city.[34][35]

A view of 16th century ruined city of Naya Qila in rare a modern skyline under construction in suburb of city.

Retail and real estate

The World Bank Group ranked the city as the second best Indian city for doing business in 2009.[36] In 2020, the economic analysis group GaWC ranked Hyderabad in its second tier (Beta- World City) of cities by importance.[37] In 2011, DTZ ranked Hyderabad as world's third most affordable office location,[38] while Business Today ranked Hyderabad as the fourth best city to live in India.[39] Hyderabad witnessed a high growth in the real estate business, making it among the top five concentrated cities for housing in India.[40] In 2007–08, the city's prime residential areas of Banjara Hills and Jubilee Hills reached the highest growth percentage in India. The Economic Times evaluated Banjara Hills to be worth US$20.7 billion.[41]

Information technology
See also: Software industry in Telangana
Microsoft R&D Campus,Hyderabad
Oracle Campus,HITEC City,Hyderabad

Hyderabad is among the global centres of information technology for which it is known as Cyberabad (Cyber City).[42][43] The city's IT sector includes the IT-enabled services, business process outsourcing, entertainment industries,[43] and Financial services.[44] During 2008–09, Hyderabad's IT exports reached US$ 4.7 billion,[28] and 22% of the NASSCOM's total membership is from Hyderabad.[11] The development of a township with related technological infrastructure called HITEC City prompted global and particularly US—based companies to establish their operations in Hyderabad.[42] Deloitte, Franklin Templeton Investments, GE Capital, Accenture, HSBC, Bank of America, ABN Amro, S&P Capital IQ, Ernst & Young, KPMG, Capgemini, Genpact are some of the financial services companies with offices in the city.[44]

The IT exports from Hyderabad stood second in the country at ₹128,807 crore (US$15 billion) in FY 2019-20 improving from previous year ₹109,219 crore ($14 billion, 17.93% CAGR) in FY 2018–19.[45][46] The major multinational IT firms located in Hyderabad are Microsoft (the largest R&D campus outside the US), Google, Thoughtworks, CA Technologies, Amazon.com, IBM, Motorola, Samsung, Agilent, Automatic Data Processing, Oracle Corporation, Yahoo!, Dell, Texas Instruments, Hewlett-Packard, Virtusa, Kewill, Facebook and others.[44][47] The major Indian firms with development centres in the city are Tech Mahindra, Infosys, Wipro, Cognizant, Tata Consultancy Services, Polaris, and others.[44] The main areas where such IT and ITeS campuses have been set up are Madhapur, Gachibowli, Kondapur and Uppal.[48] Apple announced the opening of a new office in Hyderabad that will focus on development of its Maps product.[49]

Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR)

The Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR), Hyderabad is an upcoming IT investment region jointly being developed by Government of India and Government of Telangana.[50] The Union government has given in-principle approval on Sept 8th, 2012 for the Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR) for development of self-contained integrated knowledge clusters for growth of IT and electronic hardware manufacturing in 50,000 acres in and around Hyderabad.[51] The project which is modeled along the lines of Shenzhen SEZ in China, is aimed at attracting an investment of Rs 2.19 trillion ($44 billion) in the IT, ITES and electronics sectors and providing direct employment to 1.5 million people.

Under the mega project, special economic zones (SEZs), industrial parks, free trade zones, warehousing zones and export-oriented units would come up in three corridors around the city which includes the areas Madhapur, Gachibowli, Uppal, Mamidipalli, Raviryal, Adibatla and Maheswaram, and Pocharam. The Government proposed to develop the infrastructure for ITIR at an estimated cost of over Rs 2.19 lakh crore.

On 20 September 2013 the Central Government gave the official approval for the ITIR project[52]

In April 2016, the Central Government informed Telangana state Government that it would revise the entire plan. This, according to sources, may lead to the delay in the estimated investments of Rs 3 lakh crore and creation of nearly 60 lakh jobs. No explanation given on why the need for revise plan.

Pharmaceutical
Medical Devices Park at Hyderabad

Hyderabad is also a major pharma industry hub. As here is presence of many pharma industrial companies located here. There are more than 100 pharmaceutical companies in Hyderabad. Some of them includes Glochem Industries Limited, Rakshit Drugs Private Limited and Shreepati Pharmaceutical Industries etc.

The growth of pharma industry in Hyderabad has resulted the development of special areas for the development of the pharma industries. Special areas are arranged for pharma industries which is similar to HITEC City and Genome Valley etc.[53][54]

Hyderabad Pharma City is one of the largest pharma industrial parks in the world. This region is planned and build for the pharma industries. This place have presence of companies such as Biocon, Dr Reddy Labs etc.[55]

However this project is upcoming and currently it is not fully opened. Medical Devices Park is another special area built for the development of Pharma Industries in Hyderabad. Even though many foreigner also visited the pharma industries in Hyderabad and they found it very impressive. Even though now it is Vaccine Capital of World.[56]

Biotechnology

Behind Bangalore, Hyderabad is a major biotech hub of India. Here is presence of many biotechnology companies. Some of them are Averin Biotech, Unique Biotech and Bio Axis etc. These are some famous biotechnology companies in the city of Hyderabad. Here is also many biotechnology universities and training centres such as Indian Institute of Biotechnology etc.[57]

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