Enoch Cree Nation

The Nation controls two reserves: the larger reserve, Enoch Cree Nation 135 is 20 square miles (52 km²) (20 sections) or officially 5,306.20 hectares (13,111.9 acres) and west of, and adjacent to, the City of Edmonton and surrounded by Parkland County on the north, west, and south. Alberta Highway 60 cuts north–south through the center of the reserve. The smaller reserve, 135A is officially 2 hectares (4.9 acres) located 43 km (27 mi) south of the Town of Barrhead.[4]

As of October 2019, approximately 1,800 band members live on the larger reserve, while others reside elsewhere within the Edmonton Metropolitan Region. The total registered population of the Nation was 2,789 in September 2019.[5]

Statistics Canada in the 2016 census refers to the reserve as "Stony Plain 135 Indian Reserve". At the time of the census, there were 1,690 residents on the reserve, up 71.2% from the 987 people found on the 2011 census.[6]

The Plains Cree people were hunter-gatherers roaming the Canadian plains. Once the Hudson's Bay Company created forts, the First Nations largely embraced the fur trade. Chief Lapotac was the earliest known leader of the Enoch Cree; he was probably descended from the Strongwood Cree, the original people of the Beaver River area east of Fort Edmonton. The Lapotac band was recognized by the Crown in 1842. When Chef Lapotac died in 1861, his son Thomas Lapotac became the Chief of the “Tommy’s Band”. In 1883 Chief Tommy Lapotac died and his brother Enoch Lapotac became chief. In 1884, Chief Enoch Lapotac joined other chiefs and signed Treaty Six. The result was the creation of "Tommy's Reserve".[7][8] Tommy's reserve, which became Indian Reserve #135, the Stony Plain Indian Reserve, and finally Enoch Cree Nation, was originally 44 sections of land (44 sq mi (110 km²)) including access to the North Saskatchewan River on the southeast corner.[9][10] The band's land mass was reduced by "forced surrender" in 1902 and 1908 to nearly half of its original size.[7] On January 20, 1902, the northern twelve sections (out of the original 44) were surrendered and sold to private (non-First Nation) buyers.[9][11] On May 13, 1908, an additional ten sections on the east side, including river access, were surrendered.[12] The legitimacy of the surrender was questioned and it took until July 29, 1908 for the government to officially accept it. It is disputed whether the band received fair market value for their surrendered land or were even compensated at all.[9]

River Cree Resort and Casino

Once the band entered the reserve, their economy was largely based on agriculture. Oil was discovered on the reserve in 1947 and became a major source of band funding. The fall in oil prices oil 1986 lead the band to look for new revenue sources.[7] In October 2006 the Nation opened the River Cree Resort and Casino, a CA$180-million casino, hotel and sports complex located on the northeast corner of the larger reserve, adjacent to the City of Edmonton.[13]

As of 2014, the band is in negotiations with the Canadian Crown regarding land claim settlements over the use of reserve land by the Department of Defence as a bombing range during the Second World War.[14]

• Ashley Callingbull-Burnham, actress[15]
• Bill LaForge, ice hockey coach[16][17]
• Crystle Lightning, musician

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enoch Cree Nation.

• Official website
• River Cree Resort and Casino
• "Enoch Cree Nation 135". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
• "Stony Plain 135A". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.