Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania

Quakers may have founded Pennsylvania, but Anglicans were present from the beginning. They established nine congregations, including Christ Church in Philadelphia (1695), Old Trinity Church in Oxford (1698), St. Thomas' Church in Whitemarsh (1698), St. Martin's Church in Marcus Hook (1699), St. David's Church in Radnor (1700), St. Paul's Church in Chester (1702) and St. John's Church in Concord (1702) in the colony's first twenty years. After the American Revolution, Anglicans became Episcopalians. Led by the Reverend William White, they organized the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania in 1784. White became its first bishop three years later, and the Diocese grew rapidly during his episcopacy (1787-1836).

In the beginning, the Diocese spanned a vast area, extending from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. Essentially, it encompassed the whole of Pennsylvania. But the rigors of travel and the growth of the church necessitated reorganization. In 1865, a new Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh took responsibility for every parish west of the Alleghenies. By 1910 there were five Episcopal dioceses in Pennsylvania, and the Diocese of Pennsylvania covered only the southeastern corner of the commonwealth. But the bulk of Pennsylvania's Episcopalians lived there - in Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, and Delaware counties.

Throughout its history, the Diocese of Pennsylvania has been subject to what some might call countervailing forces. On such important matters as governance, worship, and doctrine, it has struggled to resolve differences. The Episcopal Church itself emerged from a series of compromises that were made in England and America. Bishop White favored the "middle way" – a balance between individual piety and shared ritual, between parish autonomy and centralized leadership. Some of his successors (e.g. Henry Ustick Onderdonk, 1836-1844) tried to reconcile those committed to "high" and "low" church beliefs and practices. The emergence of "liberal" theology at the end of the nineteenth century heightened tensions. Its emphasis on social responsibility did not appeal to all Episcopalians.

In the twentieth century, the Diocese came to grips, if not for all time, with its own dispersal and diversity. But long before 1900 it acknowledged the importance of these centrifugal forces by establishing a divinity school (1858) and consecrating many churches. Both clerks from Spring Garden (St. Jude's, 1848) and their bosses in Chestnut Hill (St. Paul's, 1856) could worship at an Episcopal church. It took account of the sick and the poor, sponsoring such organizations as Episcopal Hospital (1852) and the City Mission (1870), the forerunner of today's Episcopal Community Services.

Beginning in the 1920s and accelerating two decades later, many Episcopalians left Philadelphia altogether. New congregations appeared almost overnight in suburbs like Newtown Square (St. Alban's, 1922), Gladwyne (St. Christopher's, 1949), Levittown (St. Paul's, 1953), and Maple Glen (St. Matthews, 1967). Others experience unprecedented growth in the 1950s (Redeemer, Bryn Mawr, 1851). Bishop Oliver J. Hart (1943-1963) wrestled with the implications of suburbanization. Growth was good, he believed, but its benefits were not unmitigated. It stretched the resources of the Diocese. Congregations outside the city did not always empathize with the social and economic problems of their urban brethren.

African Americans have worshipped in the Diocese of Pennsylvania since its inception. As slaves and freemen, they attended services at some of its most venerable congregations. Absalom Jones, the founder with Richard Allen of the Free African Society in 1787, organized Saint Thomas, the first independent black church in America, in 1794. Jones became an Episcopal deacon in 1795 and a priest in 1804. But all-black congregations were not common in Philadelphia until the city's African American population expanded in the first half of the twentieth century. By 1980 the parish Jones once led (known today as the African Episcopal Church of Saint Thomas) had become one of the largest (black or white) in the Diocese. Many black Episcopalians now worshiped by themselves in parishes that had once been all white or integrated (Church of the Advocate, Philadelphia, 1886).

Until Robert L. DeWitt (1964-1973) became its twelfth bishop in 1964, the Diocese of Pennsylvania largely ignored the civil rights movement. During his nine years at the helm, DeWitt insisted that the Diocese acknowledge and respond to the racism and discrimination in its midst. Troubled by riots in Philadelphia and Chester, he supported an ecumenical effort to desegregate Girard College, a boarding school for orphan boys that bore the name of its nineteenth century benefactor. He even lent his support to the idea that the best way to atone for slavery was through "reparations."

DeWitt's successor, Lyman L. Ogilby (1974-1988), inherited a Diocese that was certainly more attuned to issues of inequality and social justice than it once had been. This new sensitivity manifested itself in July 1974 when the first women to become Episcopal priests were ordained in Philadelphia. The ceremony took place at the Church of the Advocate whose rector, the Reverend Paul M. Washington, was also an important civil rights leader. Ogilby did not participate, but neither did he stand in the way. By then, lay women had begun to play a significant role in the church, serving on vestries and as delegates to diocesan convention. In 1986, St. Giles, Upper Darby became the first parish in the Diocese to call a woman – the Reverend Michealla Keener – to be its rector.

The place of gays and lesbians in the Diocese remained unresolved until the episcopacy of Allen L. Bartlett, Jr. (1988-1998). After prayerful consideration, he opened the door to the diaconate and the priesthood for openly gay men and women. But such reforms did not come without recrimination. Some priests and parishes withdrew from the Diocese or invited bishops from outside its borders to make pastoral visits. Bartlett tolerated these so-called "flying bishops," but his successor, Charles Bennison (1998-2012), did not.

Following a difficult period in its life and Bishop Bennison's departure, the Diocese turned for leadership to Clifton Daniel, 3rd (2013-2016). The bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of East Carolina, beginning in 1997, he came to Pennsylvania on a provisional basis and kept the Diocese on a steady course while it made plans to search for a permanent successor. Completed in 2016, that search led to the selection of Daniel G. P. Gutierrez, canon to the ordinary in the Episcopal Diocese of the Rio Grande, as the sixteenth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.

In the past fifty years there has been a significant decline in church membership and even religious observance in America. This has affected the Episcopal Church and the Diocese of Pennsylvania. The Diocese had a membership of 54,000 in 2003, falling to 31,800 by 2016.

During the early 20th Century as the more wealthy population of the diocese was shifting west toward the "Main Line", a project was undertaken to build St. Mary's Cathedral, on Ridge Avenue in the Roxborough section of the city, but construction on the St. Mary's project was halted decades ago for financial reasons.

Since 1998, the bishop's seat has been at Philadelphia Episcopal Cathedral, located at 23 South 38th Street in the University City section of the see city of Philadelphia, next to both the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University.

In 2015, the Philadelphia Episcopal Cathedral Center, a 25-story residential and commercial development, opened on the cathedral grounds, and separate buildings were created to house the cathedral and diocesan offices.[3]

These are the bishops who have served the Diocese of Pennsylvania:[4]

1. William White (1787–1836)
   * Henry U. Onderdonk, Bishop Coadjutor (1827–1836)
2. Henry U. Onderdonk (1836–1844)
3. Alonzo Potter (1845–1865)
   * Samuel Bowman, Bishop Suffragan (1858–1861)
   * William B. Stevens, Bishop Coadjutor (1862–1865)
4. William B. Stevens (1865–1887)
   * Ozi W. Whitaker, Bishop Coadjutor (1886–1887)
5. Ozi W. Whitaker (1887–1911)
   * Alexander Mackay-Smith, Bishop Coadjutor (1902–1911)
6. Alexander Mackay-Smith (1911)
   * Philip M. Rhinelander, Bishop Coadjutor (1911)
7. Philip M. Rhinelander (1911–1923)
   * Thomas J. Garland, Bishop Suffragan (elected 1911)
8. Thomas J. Garland (1924–1931)
   * Francis Marion Taitt, Bishop Coadjutor (1929–1931)
9. Francis Marion Taitt (1931–1943)
   * Oliver J. Hart, Bishop Coadjutor (1942–1943)
10. Oliver J. Hart (1943–1963)
    * William P. Remington, Bishop Suffragan (1945–1961)
    * J. Gillespie Armstrong, Bishop Suffragan (1949, Bishop Coadjutor (1960–1963)
11. J. Gillespie Armstrong (1963–1964)
    * Robert L. DeWitt, Bishop Coadjutor (1964)
12. Robert L. DeWitt (1964–1973)
    * Lyman C. Ogilby, Bishop Coadjutor (1973)
13. Lyman C. Ogilby (1974–1987)
    * Allen L. Bartlett, Jr., Bishop Coadjutor (1986)
14. Allen L. Bartlett, Jr. (1987–1998)
    * Franklin D. Turner, Bishop Suffragan (1988-2000)
15. Charles Ellsworth Bennison, Jr. (1998–2012)
    * Clarence N. Coleridge (Assisting)
    * Clifton D. Daniel, III, Provisional Bishop (2013-2016)
    * Allen L. Bartlett (Assisting)
    * Edward Lewis Lee (Assisting)
    * Rodney R. Michel (Assisting)
16. Daniel G. P. Gutierrez, (2016–Present)

• List of bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America

• Diocese of Pennsylvania official website
• Philadelphia Cathedral official website
• A History of St. Thomas' African Episcopal Church, 1794-1865, Dissertation by Thomas F. Ulle, University of Pennsylvania
• Episcopal Church official website
• Journal of the Annual Convention, Diocese of Pennsylvania