Euclides da Cunha

Euclides da Cunha[1] (Portuguese: [ewˈklidʒiʒ dɐ ˈkũɲɐ], January 20, 1866 – August 15, 1909) was a Brazilian journalist, sociologist and engineer. His most important work is Os Sertões (Rebellion in the Backlands), a non-fictional account of the military expeditions promoted by the Brazilian government against the rebellious village of Canudos, known as the War of Canudos.

For other uses, see Euclides da Cunha (disambiguation).

Euclides da Cunha, ca. 1900

This book was a favorite of Robert Lowell, who ranked it above Tolstoy. Jorge Luis Borges also commented on it in his short story "Three Versions of Judas". The book was translated into English by Samuel Putnam and published by the University of Chicago Press in 1944. It remains in print. He was heavily influenced by Naturalism and its Darwinian proponents. Os Sertões characterised the coast of Brazil as a chain of civilisations while the interior remained more primitive. He occupied the 7th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1903 until his death in 1909.

He served as inspiration for the character of The Journalist in Mario Vargas Llosa's The War of the End of the World.

Timeline
Euclides da Cunha from a publication of F.Briguiet & Cie. (1890s)

Euclides da Cunha was born January 20, 1866 in Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where he lived until he was three years old.[2] His grandparents were of Portuguese origin. He attended Escola Militar da Praia Vermelha, a military school in Rio, beginning in 1886. He was expelled from the military school in 1888, due to his participation in an act of protest during a visit of the Brazilian War Minister, Tomás Coelho, who was a member of the last Conservative cabinet of the Brazilian Empire. He was readmitted to the Escola Militar in 1889. He was admitted to the Brazilian War School (Escola de Guerra) in 1891 . He was discharged from the Army in 1896 in order to dedicate himself to studying civil engineering.

In 1897 he accompanied the Army in the Campanha de Canudos, against a rebellious group of peasants under the leadership of Antonio Conselheiro. Between 7 August and 1 October, he was in the Sertão ("backland"), as war correspondent for the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper.[2] In 1903 he was elected to the Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters) and the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico, the Historical and Geographic Institute[3] In 1909 he was admitted as chairman and professor of Logic at the Colégio Pedro II, a public secondary school in Rio.

Euclides da Cunha married Ana Emília Ribeiro, daughter of major Sólon Ribeiro, in 1890. The couple had five children. Ana Emília had an affair with Dilermando de Assis, a young Army lieutenant. On August 15, 1909, finding about his wife's affair, da Cunha went to Assis' house to kill him. He shot Assis and his brother Dinorah, failing to kill either. Assis shot da Cunha when Euclides had already left his house, and the writer was killed. According to historian Susanna Hecht's account, there was doubt whether Dilermando murdered a fleeing man who had run out of bullets, or whether Euclides still was a threat to Dilermando (which would make the murder self-defense.) The jury decided for the latter scenario and acquitted Dilermando. [4][5] Da Cunha was 43 years old.

Works
  • 1902 Os Sertões (Rebellion in the Backlands: University of Chicago Press ISBN 978-0-226-12444-5) -- also Penguin Classics in a new translation, ISBN 978-0-14-310607-4
  • 1907 Contrastes e confrontos, lit. Contrasts and Confrontations
  • 1907 Peru versus Bolívia
  • 1939 Canudos, diário de uma expedição – news articles published in the periodical O Estado de S. Paulo
  • 1967 Canudos e inéditos – news articles published by the periodical O Estado de S. Paulo

Further reading
  • Goldberg, Isaac (1922). "Euclides da Cunha." In: Brazilian Literature. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, pp. 210–221.

References
  1. Archaic spelling: Euclydes
  2. "cronologia". euclides da cunha site. Juan Carlos / WordPress. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  3. "Euclides da Cunha". E-Biografias. January 19, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  4. Hecht, Susanna B. (2013-05-14). The Scramble for the Amazon and the "Lost Paradise" of Euclides da Cunha. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226322834.
  5. "Filha busca Justiça histórica para pai, que matou Euclides da Cunha". entretenimento.uol.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2019-07-10.
Preceded by
Valentim Magalhães (founder)
Brazilian Academy of Letters - Occupant of the 7th chair
1903 — 1909		 Succeeded by
Afrânio Peixoto
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